Effect of chlorhexidine, honey and Propolis on Streptococcus mutans Counts: in vitro Study

Objective: .Streptococcus mutans is considered one of the bacteria that causes necrosis, as it metabolism sugar to obtain energy, producing an acidic environment and causing depression in the enamel surface, which causes the dissolution of the calcium molecule, a problem of cavited in the tooth; so the aim of the research is to evaluate the effect of mouthwashes chlorhexidine 0.12% - honey 50% - propolis 5% on Streptococcus mutans in children.Study design: A laboratory study to assess the efficiency of chlorhexidine, honey and Propolis on Streptococcus mutans counts. The sample included 60 children divided into: G1 (Chlorhexidine 0.12% = 20 children), G2 (Propolis 5% = 20 children), G3 (Honey 100% = 20 children). The data was analyzed using the statistical analysis program SPSS, version 13.00, at a confidence level of 95% (P <0.05(. Paired sample T test was used to compare the variable means of the values of the studied variables.Results: There is significant difference between three groups. The reduction ratio was 89.97% in G1, 85.49% in G2 and 76.29% in G3.Conclusion: This study demonstrated the effectiveness of mouthwashes of chlorhexidine, propolis and honey on the bacteria of Streptococcus mutans.

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Synergism of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans Reinforces Biofilm Maturation and Acidogenicity in Saliva: An In Vitro Study

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fcimb.2020.623980 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Hye-Eun Kim ◽

Yuan Liu ◽

Atul Dhall ◽

Marwa Bawazir ◽

Hyun Koo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Critical Role ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Acidic Ph ◽

Acidic Environment ◽

Symbiotic Interaction ◽

Biofilm Development

Early childhood caries, a virulent-form of dental caries, is painful, difficult, and costly to treat that has been associated with high levels of Streptococcus mutans (Sm) and Candida albicans (Ca) in plaque-biofilms on teeth. These microorganisms appear to develop a symbiotic cross-kingdom interaction that amplifies the virulence of plaque-biofilms. Although biofilm studies reveal synergistic bacterial-fungal association, how these organisms modulate cross-kingdom biofilm formation and enhance its virulence in the presence of saliva remain largely unknown. Here, we compared the properties of Sm and Sm-Ca biofilms cultured in saliva by examining the biofilm structural organization and capability to sustain an acidic pH environment conducive to enamel demineralization. Intriguingly, Sm-Ca biofilm is rapidly matured and maintained acidic pH-values (~4.3), while Sm biofilm development was retarded and failed to create an acidic environment when cultured in saliva. In turn, the human enamel slab surface was severely demineralized by Sm-Ca biofilms, while there was minimal damage to the enamel surface by Sm biofilm. Interestingly, Sm-Ca biofilms exhibited an acidic environment regardless of their hyphal formation ability. Our data reveal the critical role of symbiotic interaction between S. mutans and C. albicans in human saliva in the context of pathogenesis of dental caries, which may explain how the cross-kingdom interaction contributes to enhanced virulence of plaque-biofilm in the oral cavity.

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Milled versus moulded mock-ups based on the superimposition of 3D meshes from digital oral impressions: a comparative in vitro study in the aesthetic area

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-019-0922-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Francesca Cattoni ◽

Giulia Teté ◽

Alessandro Mauro Calloni ◽

Fabio Manazza ◽

Giorgio Gastaldi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Test Group ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Mean Value ◽

Digital Impression ◽

Control Group ◽

Minimal Invasiveness ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Aesthetic

Abstract Background Aesthetic porcelain veneers proved to be a long-term reliable prosthetic solution, ensuring minimal invasiveness. The use of veneers requires an adhesive cementation technique, so maintaining as much enamel as possible is to ensure lasting success. A diagnostic mock-up is a key tool that allows a preview of the outcome of the aesthetic restoration: it is obtainable both in an analog and digital way. With the recent developments in impression technology and the ever so fast growing use of CAD-CAM technologies it is useful to understand the pros and cons of either one of these techniques (analog and digital) in order to identify the easier and more convenient workflow in aesthetic dentistry. Methods After taking pictures and impressions of the dental arcs of a patient in need of aesthetic rehabilitation, 52 resin models were produced and a digital drawing of the smile was outlined. Both an analog and a digital wax-up were obtained from two of the 52 models: the latter was obtained using digital impressions and a dedicated software. The analog wax-up was then used to produce 25 matrices that have later been used to mould 25 resin mock-ups using a traditional moulding protocol (Control Group - CG). The digital wax-up was used to mill 25 PMMA mock-ups. Each mock-up, both milled and moulded (total 50), was then laid on the other 50 resin models as a digital impression of it was taken. The STL. files of the milled mock-ups were compared with the 3D CAD wax-up made using a specific software. The STL. files of the analog printed mock-ups were compared with the traditional wax-up design. A statistical analysis was carried out to evaluate the difference between the groups. Results The statistical analysis showed a significant difference (P > 0.01) between the mean value of the distance between the points of the overlapping STL. meshes in GC (0.0468 mm) and in TG (Test Group - TG) (0,0109 mm). Conclusions The study showed a difference in accuracy between traditional moulded and milled mock-ups compared to their original wax-up. The data analysis reports that the digital method allows for greater accuracy. Within the limitations of this study, a fully digital workflow is to considered more reliable when it come to creating an esthetic mockup: the digital procedure has been shown to be more accurate than the one made manually which is much more operator dependent and it brings an increase to the chance of error, and that could ultimately affect the final result.

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THE EFFECT OF CURCUMA XANTHORRHIZA ETHANOL EXTRACT ON THE VIABILITY OF STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS AND AGGREGATIBACTER ACTINOMYCETEMCOMITANS (DENTAL BIOFILM RESEARCH: IN VITRO STUDY)

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10s5.23087 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (17) ◽

pp. 30

Author(s):

Royan Diana ◽

Hedijanti Joenoes ◽

Ariadna A Djais

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Single Species ◽

Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Dental Biofilm ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Curcuma Xanthorrhiza

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effect of Curcuma xanthrorrhiza ethanol extract to the viability of Streptococcus mutans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans using single- and dual-species biofilm at different phases of formation.Methods: Biofilm models were incubated for 4, 12, and 24 hrs, then exposed to the extract at a concentration of 0.525%.Results: The viability of the single-species S. mutans biofilm was low (p<0.05), and no significant difference (p>0.05) was found between singlespeciesA. actinomycetemcomitans and dual-species biofilm.Conclusions: Curcuma xanthorrhiza ethanol extract is more effective for decreasing the viability of single-species S. mutans biofilm.

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Adherence of Streptococcus mutans to Nanoceramic and Nanohybrid Resin Composites: An In vitro Study

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2020/v32i2530831 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 128-133

Author(s):

Krishnakanth Jaju ◽

Iffat Nasim

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Bacterial Adhesion ◽

Resin Composite ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Bacterial Suspension ◽

Resin Composites ◽

Colony Forming Units ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Test Control

Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is one of the cariogenic microorganisms. The restorative materials which harbor a biofilm with high number of S. mutans can accelerate the occurrence of dental caries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the adherence of S. mutans to nanoceramic and nanohybrid resin composites. Fifteen discs of each material (Nanohybrid resin composite, Nanoceramic resin composite) were prepared, polished, and sterilized in a gamma radiation chamber. Specimens were exposed to the S. mutans bacterial suspension (0.5 McFarland) and were incubated for 4 hours. Specimens were rinsed and sonicated in normal saline, 10 μl of the obtained suspension was cultured in a sterile blood agar medium. After 24 hours, the number of colony forming units of S. mutans was counted. A sterility test control was considered for each group of materials. The data was analyzed by Independent t test. The means and standard deviations of the logarithmic counts of the colonies on the surfaces of nanohybrid resin composites and nanoceramic resin composite were equal to 3.2±0.87 and 2.8±0.324 respectively. Ceram X Universal did not show any significant difference in the bacterial adhesion compared to Filtek Z350XT. Both composites showed similar behaviour in terms of S. mutans colonization in a simple biofilm formation model.

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Adjunct use of mouth rinses with a sonic toothbrush accelerates the detachment of a Streptococcus mutans biofilm: an in vitro study

10.21203/rs.2.22750/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tatsuya Ohsumi ◽

Shoji Takenaka ◽

Yuuki Sakaue ◽

Yuki Suzuki ◽

Ryoko Nagata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Combination Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Mouth Rinse ◽

Biofilm Thickness ◽

Log Reduction ◽

Mouth Rinses ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background: The aim of this in vitro study was to examine the possible enhancement of the biofilm peeling effect of a sonic toothbrush following the use of an antimicrobial mouth rinse.Methods: The biofilm at a noncontact site in the interdental area was treated by sound wave convection with the test solution or by immersion in the solution. The biofilm peeling effect was evaluated by determining the bacterial counts and performing morphological observations. A Streptococcus mutans biofilm was allowed to develop on composite resin discs by cultivation with stirring at 50 rpm for 72 hours. The specimens were then placed in recesses located between plastic teeth and divided into an immersion group and a combination group. The immersion group was treated with phosphate buffer, Peridex™ mouth rinse or Listerine® mouth rinse. The combination group was treated with Peridex™ or Listerine® and a sonic toothbrush.Results: The biofilm thickness was reduced by approximately one-half compared with the control group. The combination treatment produced a 1 log reduction in the number of bacteria compared to the Listerine® immersion treatment. No significant difference was observed in the biofilm peeling effect of the immersion group compared to the control group.Conclusions: The combined use of a sonic toothbrush and a mouth rinse enhanced the peeling of the biofilm that proliferates in places that are difficult to reach using mechanical stress.

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Effect of acidic environment and intracanal medicament on push-out bond strength of biodentine and mineral trioxide aggregate plus: an in vitro study

Medicine and Pharmacy Reports ◽

10.15386/mpr-1057 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Priyanka Jain ◽

Zinnie Nanda ◽

Rahul Deore ◽

Amit Gandhi

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Calcium Hydroxide ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Acidic Environment ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Push Out

Introduction. This in-vitro study aims to evaluate the effect of acidic environment and intracanal medicament on push out bond strength of Biodentine and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Plus (MTA Plus) Method. Forty extracted single rooted teeth were sectioned below the cement-enamel junction. The root canals were instrumented using rotary files and then peeso reamer was used to obtain standardized root canal dimension. Specimens were randomly classified into following groups- Group 1: calcium hydroxide in the absence of acidic environment; Group 2: calcium hydroxide in the presence of acidic environment; Group 3: no intracanal medicament in the absence of acidic environment; Group 4: no intracanal medicament in the presence of acidic environment. Specimens were kept for 7 days at room temperature. Thereafter, specimens of each group were transversely sectioned into 1 mm thick slices and divided into 2 sub-groups according to the use of biodentine and MTA Plus. Using Universal Testing Machine, push out bond strength test was carried out and the data were analyzed statistically. Results. There was no statistically significant difference in the bond strength of biodentine and MTA Plus (P>0.05). For both MTA Plus and biodentine, with or without calcium hydroxide, the push out bond strength was less in acidic environment and this difference was more pronounced without calcium hydroxide. In all the four groups, MTA plus showed comparable bond strength to biodentine. Conclusion. MTA Plus is a viable option for apexification. The push out bond strength of Biodentine and MTA Plus is impaired by acidic environment. Prior application of calcium hydroxide slightly increased the bond strength, though the difference was statistically insignificant.

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Adjunct use of mouth rinses with a sonic toothbrush accelerates the detachment of a Streptococcus mutans biofilm: an in vitro study

10.21203/rs.2.22750/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tatsuya Ohsumi ◽

Shoji Takenaka ◽

Yuuki Sakaue ◽

Yuki Suzuki ◽

Ryoko Nagata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Combination Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Mouth Rinse ◽

Biofilm Thickness ◽

Log Reduction ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background : The aim of this in vitro study was to examine the possible enhancement of the biofilm peeling effect of a sonic toothbrush following the use of an antimicrobial mouth rinse. Methods: The biofilm at a noncontact site in the interdental area was treated by sound wave convection with the test solution or by immersion in the solution. The biofilm peeling effect was evaluated by determining the bacterial counts and performing morphological observations. A Streptococcus mutans biofilm was allowed to develop on composite resin discs by cultivation with stirring at 50 rpm for 72 hours. The specimens were then placed in recesses located between plastic teeth and divided into an immersion group and a combination group. The immersion group was treated with phosphate buffer or Listerine ® mouth rinse. The combination group was treated with Listerine ® and a sonic toothbrush. Results: The biofilm thickness was reduced by approximately one-half compared with the control group. The combination treatment produced a 1 log reduction in the number of bacteria compared to the Listerine ® immersion treatment. No significant difference was observed in the biofilm peeling effect of the immersion group compared to the control group. Conclusions: The combined use of a sonic toothbrush and a mouth rinse enhanced the peeling of the biofilm that proliferates in places that are difficult to reach using mechanical stress.

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THE EFFECT OF THERMOCYCLING ON MARGINAL SEALING ABILITY OF MTA PLUS AND BIODENTINE WHEN USED AS ROOT-END FILLING MATERIALS

International Journal of Advanced Research ◽

10.21474/ijar01/12087 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 894-900

Author(s):

Deebah Choudhary ◽

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Blue Dye ◽

Depth Of Penetration ◽

Jammu And Kashmir ◽

Filling Materials ◽

Sealing Ability ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference

Background:Marginal microleakage occurs when restorations are poorly adapted to the cavity walls which leads to penetration of bacteria, fluid and nutrient into the marginal gap. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of thermocycling on marginal sealing ability of two root-end filling materials i.e. MTA Plus and Biodentine. Materials and Methods: An in vitro study was conducted at Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics in Institute of Dental Sciences (IDS), Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Forty extracted teeth with single root were decoronated maintaining a standardized length of 16mm. Biomechanical preparation and obturation was done for all the teeth. Samples were stored at 37oC and 100% humidity for seven days. Apical 3mm was resected and cavities were prepared which were randomly divided into two experimental groups with twenty samples each. The cavities were filled with MTA Plus in group I and Biodentine in group II. These groups were further divided into two subgroups of ten each (n=10). The second subgroup of both the groups did not receive any treatment and the first subgroup samples were subjected to 500 thermocycles in water bath at temperature ranges between 5oC and 55oC with a dwell time of 30 second. The samples were immersed in methylene blue dye and after through washing they were sectioned longitudinally. Examination was done under stereomicroscope to measure the depth of penetration. Statistical Analysis: The data collected were put to statistical analysis by one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) and post hoc tests. Results: The average depth of dye penetration was least for Biodentine when thermocycling treatment was not given (0.13mm) and maximum value was depicted by MTA Plus when undergone thermal cycles (0.57mm). It is also noted that no significant difference is seen in Biodentine with or without artificial aging procedure. Conclusion:Biodentine showed least amount of microleakage, thus a better sealing ability.Alsothere was little effect of thermocycling onmicroleakage of both the materials.

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Adjunct use of mouth rinses with a sonic toothbrush accelerates the detachment of a Streptococcus mutans biofilm: an in vitro study

10.21203/rs.2.22750/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tatsuya Ohsumi ◽

Shoji Takenaka ◽

Yuuki Sakaue ◽

Yuki Suzuki ◽

Ryoko Nagata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Combination Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Mouth Rinse ◽

Biofilm Thickness ◽

Log Reduction ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background : The aim of this in vitro study was to examine the possible enhancement of the biofilm peeling effect of a sonic toothbrush following the use of an antimicrobial mouth rinse. Methods: The biofilm at a noncontact site in the interdental area was treated by sound wave convection with the test solution or by immersion in the solution. The biofilm peeling effect was evaluated by determining the bacterial counts and performing morphological observations. A Streptococcus mutans biofilm was allowed to develop on composite resin discs by cultivation with stirring at 50 rpm for 72 hours. The specimens were then placed in recesses located between plastic teeth and divided into an immersion group and a combination group. The immersion group was treated with phosphate buffer, Peridex™ mouth rinse or Listerine ® mouth rinse. The combination group was treated with Peridex™ or Listerine ® and a sonic toothbrush. Results: The biofilm thickness was reduced by approximately one-half compared with the control group. The combination treatment produced a 1 log reduction in the number of bacteria compared to the Listerine ® immersion treatment. No significant difference was observed in the biofilm peeling effect of the immersion group compared to the control group. Conclusions: The combined use of a sonic toothbrush and a mouth rinse enhanced the peeling of the biofilm that proliferates in places that are difficult to reach using mechanical stress.

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Evaluation of the Shear Bond Strength and Antibacterial Activity of Orthodontic Adhesive Containing Silver Nanoparticle, an In-Vitro Study

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano10081466 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1466

Author(s):

Ladan Eslamian ◽

Ali Borzabadi-Farahani ◽

Shahedeh Karimi ◽

Sepideh Saadat ◽

Mohammad Reza Badiee

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Bond Strength ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Shear Bond Strength ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Agar Diffusion Test ◽

Significant Difference

This study evaluated the effect of incorporating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into conventional orthodontic adhesive on its antibacterial activity and the shear bond strength (SBS) to stainless steel orthodontic brackets. Thirty-four extracted premolars were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 17). Orthodontic adhesive (Transbond XT, 3M Unitek) was blended with AgNPs (50 nm, 0.3% w/w) to form a nano-adhesive. In order to bond stainless steel twin brackets (0.022-inch, American Orthodontics), Transbond XT (n = 17) and nano-adhesive (n = 17) were used in each group, respectively, after acid etching (37% phosphoric acid, 30 s) and rinsing with water (15 s). SBS and the adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were recorded. Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans in both groups after 24 h and 30 days was assessed (Disc agar diffusion test) and the inhibition zone diameter around each specimen was measured and recorded. Adding AgNPs significantly (p = 0.009) reduced the mean (SD) SBS in the nano-adhesive group [10.51(7.15) MPa] compared to Transbond XT [17.72(10.55) MPa]. The ARI scores on the Transbond XT and nano-adhesive showed no statistically significant difference (p = 0.322). Nano-adhesive with AgNPs showed significant antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans at 24 h and 30 days (p < 0.001). In both groups, no significant decline in the zones of inhibition was detected after 30 days (p = 0.907). The findings suggest that SBS decreased after incorporation of AgNPs [0.3% (w/w)], but was still above the recommended SBS of 5.9–7.8 MPa. The nano-adhesive showed significant antibacterial activity which did not change much after 30 days.

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