scholarly journals George Steiner’s Hermeneutic Motion and the Ontology, Ethics, and Epistemology of Translation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Second Stage ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Ethical Significance

This chapter is organized around three phrases from Phil Goodwin’s ide­alizing reading of George Steiner’s hermeneutic motion: (1) “there is a certain vi­olence involved,” (2) “This imagery offended some readers,” and (3) “this second stage of translation will always feel like a violation.” In response to those remarks, my research questions are (Q1) What is the ontology of that “certain violence,” and why did it “offend some readers”? (Q2) What is the ethical significance of Steiner’s pas­sage through violence in the hermeneutic motion? (Q3) What is the epistemological sig­nificance of “feeling” in the recognition that “this second stage of translation will always feel like a violation”? The trajectory of my argument, in other words, is from ontologization (Q1) through ethical regimes (Q2) to the epistemology of feeling (Q3).

scholarly journals Infographics in Regional Online Media (On the Materials of the Internet Media of the Siberian Federal District): Quantitative Aspect

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 82-91
Author(s):  
V. E. Belenko ◽  
A. S. Gyrka
Keyword(s):  
Federal District ◽  
Quantitative Aspect ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Editorial Boards ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Empirical Base ◽  
Internet Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
Research Questions

Purpose. This article reflects the program and the main research questions to describe the place of infographics on the media sites of the biggest Siberian cities. On the first stage of the research there were generated the solid sample of the infographics produced by six online media of Novosibirsk, five – of Krasnoyarsk and five – of Omsk. Results. The empirical base shows, chronologically, how the format is penetrated and developed the editorial boards of these media, given the number published on these website infographic in different years, revealed the media who regularly use this format, and media who do it rather rare. It is shown that this format is used by regional media quite selectively, only a few media creates more than a fifteen infographics per year. Nevertheless, the total number of infographics that could be found and included in the empirical base is quite large: more than five hundred infographics. They presents as standalone products in the sections allocated specifically for them, so the form of illustrations for reviews, articles and notes. Conclusions. They presents as standalone products in the sections allocated specifically for them, so the form of illustrations for reviews, articles and notes. At the second stage of the study, the method of content analysis will be applied to the formed empirical base, we also plan to analyze the auditoria indicators of the relevant projects, interview experts in the editorial offices to find out peculiarities of the production process.

The Three Stages of the Coalition Life Cycle

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-40
Author(s):  
Torbjörn Bergman ◽  
Bäck Hanna ◽  
Hellström Johan
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Party System ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Coalition Governments ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Questions And Answers ◽  
Governance Process ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Governance Models

This chapter focuses on presenting the main research questions and answers provided in the literature on the different stages of the coalition life cycle. For example, focusing on the first stage—the formation stage—several researchers have tried to explain why specific types of governments form. Other scholars have asked why it takes longer to form governments in some contexts, or have tried to explain how parties distribute ministerial and policy payoffs when forming a cabinet. Focusing on the second stage of the coalition life cycle, we review the growing literature on coalition governance, concentrating on three coalition governance models; the ministerial autonomy model, the coalition compromise model, and the PM-dominated model—each of which make different assumptions about the actors that dominate the governance process in coalition governments. Focusing on the last phase of the coalition life cycle, the termination of governments, scholars have long aimed to explain the duration of cabinets, asking why some cabinets last longer than others. At the end of this chapter, we present some expectations about changes to the coalition life cycle which we are likely to observe considering the party system change we have seen in many Western European countries.

A step-by-step approach to the research process

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisy Fancourt
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
The Public ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Study Team ◽  
Research Questions

This chapter maps the four stages involved in a research process, giving an overview of each one and providing sources for more in-depth information such as specific research methods books. The first stage involves developing the idea for a research study, including identifying a research problem, developing research questions and hypotheses, developing a theory, assessing the feasibility of an intervention, choosing a study team, and involving patients and the public. The second stage involves designing a research study, including deciding on a research design and selecting the research methods. The third stage involves running the research study and assessing whether it has been run with enough fidelity to the initial plan to provide viable data. The fourth stage is the outcome of the research study, including deciding how to report results, how to disseminate findings, and whether findings can lead to further implementation of the intervention or further research.

scholarly journals Making Use of Audio Diaries in Research with Young People: Examining Narrative, Participation and Audience

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 77-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Worth
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Transitions To Adulthood ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Innovative Method ◽  
Narrative Interview ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Research Questions

This article examines the use of audio diaries as an innovative method for research with young people. As the second stage of a project about visually impaired (VI) young people's transitions to adulthood, young people recorded their experiences and reflections about growing up on microcassette recorders. As a follow-up to a narrative interview, audio diaries allowed the research to get closer to the lives of young people, as participants actively reinterpreted the research questions in the context of their own lives. This article focuses on the utility of audio diaries—detailing the research process and the accessibility of the method for VI young people. Then, using excerpts from a set of twenty-two audio diaries, this article examines how the audio diary technique designed for this project engages with three key issues: how audio diaries capture narrative in distinctive ways; how the method can be employed within a participatory framework; and how audio diaries raise complex issues about the nature of audience.

Altered Fine Structure of B Lymphocytes Correlated with Defective Terminal Differentiation

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 386-387
Author(s):  
Dale E. Bockman ◽  
L. Y. Frank Wu ◽  
Alexander R. Lawton ◽  
Max D. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Terminal Differentiation ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Deficiency Diseases ◽  
Cell Line Generation

B-lymphocytes normally synthesize small amounts of immunoglobulin, some of which is incorporated into the cell membrane where it serves as receptor of antigen. These cells, on contact with specific antigen, proliferate and differentiate to plasma cells which synthesize and secrete large quantities of immunoglobulin. The two stages of differentiation of this cell line (generation of B-lymphocytes and antigen-driven maturation to plasma cells) are clearly separable during ontogeny and in some immune deficiency diseases. The present report describes morphologic aberrations of B-lymphocytes in two diseases in which second stage differentiation is defective.

Cryomicroscopy of multiphase latices

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 1060-1061
Author(s):  
O. L. Shaffer ◽  
M.S. El-Aasser ◽  
C. L. Zhao ◽  
M. A. Winnik ◽  
R. R. Shivers
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Important Approach ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Preparation Techniques

Transmission electron microscopy is an important approach to the characterization of the morphology of multiphase latices. Various sample preparation techniques have been applied to multiphase latices such as OsO4, RuO4 and CsOH stains to distinguish the polymer phases or domains. Radiation damage by an electron beam of latices imbedded in ice has also been used as a technique to study particle morphology. Further studies have been developed in the use of freeze-fracture and the effect of differential radiation damage at liquid nitrogen temperatures of the latex particles embedded in ice and not embedded.Two different series of two-stage latices were prepared with (1) a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) seed and poly(styrene) (PS) second stage; (2) a PS seed and PMMA second stage. Both series have varying amounts of second-stage monomer which was added to the seed latex semicontinuously. A drop of diluted latex was placed on a 200-mesh Formvar-carbon coated copper grid.

Observations on the growth of barium bismuth oxide thin films

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-77
Author(s):  
M G. Norton ◽  
E.S. Hellman ◽  
E.H. Hartford ◽  
C.B. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Temperature ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Nucleation Layer ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Device Applications ◽  
High Transition ◽  
Substrate Temperatures ◽  
Oriented Material ◽  
Barium Bismuth ◽  
Superconductor Device

The bismuthates (for example, Ba1-xKxBiO3) represent a class of high transition temperature superconductors. The lack of anisotropy and the long coherence length of the bismuthates makes them technologically interesting for superconductor device applications. To obtain (100) oriented Ba1-xKxBiO3 films on (100) oriented MgO, a two-stage deposition process is utilized. In the first stage the films are nucleated at higher substrate temperatures, without the potassium. This process appears to facilitate the formation of the perovskite (100) orientation on (100) MgO. This nucleation layer is typically between 10 and 50 nm thick. In the second stage, the substrate temperature is reduced and the Ba1-xKxBiO3 is grown. Continued growth of (100) oriented material is possible at the lower substrate temperature.

The Collaborative Network Approach: a model for advancing patient-centric research for Castleman disease and other rare diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
Mary Zuccato ◽  
Dustin Shilling ◽  
David C. Fajgenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Rare Diseases ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Castleman Disease ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Collaborative Network ◽  
Network Approach ◽  
Grant Applications ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Patient Centric

Abstract There are ∼7000 rare diseases affecting 30 000 000 individuals in the U.S.A. 95% of these rare diseases do not have a single Food and Drug Administration-approved therapy. Relatively, limited progress has been made to develop new or repurpose existing therapies for these disorders, in part because traditional funding models are not as effective when applied to rare diseases. Due to the suboptimal research infrastructure and treatment options for Castleman disease, the Castleman Disease Collaborative Network (CDCN), founded in 2012, spearheaded a novel strategy for advancing biomedical research, the ‘Collaborative Network Approach’. At its heart, the Collaborative Network Approach leverages and integrates the entire community of stakeholders — patients, physicians and researchers — to identify and prioritize high-impact research questions. It then recruits the most qualified researchers to conduct these studies. In parallel, patients are empowered to fight back by supporting research through fundraising and providing their biospecimens and clinical data. This approach democratizes research, allowing the entire community to identify the most clinically relevant and pressing questions; any idea can be translated into a study rather than limiting research to the ideas proposed by researchers in grant applications. Preliminary results from the CDCN and other organizations that have followed its Collaborative Network Approach suggest that this model is generalizable across rare diseases.

Factors Influencing Cognate Performance for Young Multilingual Children's Vocabulary: A Research Synthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2170-2188
Author(s):  
Lindsey R. Squires ◽  
Sara J. Ohlfest ◽  
Kristen E. Santoro ◽  
Jennifer L. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Test Validity ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Word Characteristics ◽  
Study Inclusion ◽  
Task Level

Purpose The purpose of this systematic review was to determine evidence of a cognate effect for young multilingual children (ages 3;0–8;11 [years;months], preschool to second grade) in terms of task-level and child-level factors that may influence cognate performance. Cognates are pairs of vocabulary words that share meaning with similar phonology and/or orthography in more than one language, such as rose – rosa (English–Spanish) or carrot – carotte (English–French). Despite the cognate advantage noted with older bilingual children and bilingual adults, there has been no systematic examination of the cognate research in young multilingual children. Method We conducted searches of multiple electronic databases and hand-searched article bibliographies for studies that examined young multilingual children's performance with cognates based on study inclusion criteria aligned to the research questions. Results The review yielded 16 articles. The majority of the studies (12/16, 75%) demonstrated a positive cognate effect for young multilingual children (measured in higher accuracy, faster reaction times, and doublet translation equivalents on cognates as compared to noncognates). However, not all bilingual children demonstrated a cognate effect. Both task-level factors (cognate definition, type of cognate task, word characteristics) and child-level factors (level of bilingualism, age) appear to influence young bilingual children's performance on cognates. Conclusions Contrary to early 1990s research, current researchers suggest that even young multilingual children may demonstrate sensitivity to cognate vocabulary words. Given the limits in study quality, more high-quality research is needed, particularly to address test validity in cognate assessments, to develop appropriate cognate definitions for children, and to refine word-level features. Only one study included a brief instruction prior to assessment, warranting cognate treatment studies as an area of future need. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12753179

Second stage of labor in the age of epidural anesthesia

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 171A-171A
Author(s):  
E XENAKIS ◽  
J PIPER ◽  
M MCFARLAND ◽  
C SUITER ◽  
O LANGER
Keyword(s):  
Epidural Anesthesia ◽  
Second Stage Of Labor ◽  
Second Stage
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