scholarly journals Origin of the Bessarabian limestones with Nubecularia novorossica of Northeastern Bulgaria

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-33
Author(s):  
Elena Koleva-Rekalova ◽  
Stefka Darakchieva
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Eastern Paratethys ◽  
Rigid Framework ◽  
Seawater Salinity ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Microbial Organisms

The Central and Eastern Paratethys Basins were connected and the joint Sarmatian Sea (Paratethys) appeared after the end of the Badenian. It was separated from the Mediterranean and Indopacific Ocean. As a result, the seawater salinity dropped and mass production of a few euryhaline groups (mainly benthic foraminifera, molluscs, and ostracods) with increasing endemisms developed at the beginning of the Sarmatian (s.l. and s.s.). The fauna and paleoenvironments (facies) were similar throughout the Paratethys. The Bessarabian limestones (referred to the Odartsi Formation) are composed almost entirely of the endemic foraminifera Nubecularia novorossica Karrer & Sinzow, 1877 and exposed on the territory of Northeastern Bulgaria are described in the present article. Six sections were examined, and it was found that the limestones were predominantly stratified and only in the upper parts of some sections were dome-shaped. Two varieties Nubecularia novorossica solitaria and Nubecularia novorossica nodula were defined and they are the predominant rock-forming constituent. The most appropriate environmental conditions for the occurrence, blooming and accumulation in the initial sediments of the Nubecularia novorossica tests were identified. Comparison with the findings of this nubeculariid from other Sarmatian sections reveals that the stratified limestones studied are rigid mainly due to the presence of cement, whereas abundant encrusting and microbial organisms in the dome-shaped bodies contributed to the formation of their rigid framework.

scholarly journals Transplantation of the Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica through naturalistic engineering techniques: value, weakness and further improvements

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Acunto ◽  
Luigi Piazzi ◽  
Francesco L. Cinelli ◽  
Anna Maria De Biasi ◽  
Lorenzo Pacciardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Posidonia Oceanica ◽  
Hydrodynamic Conditions ◽  
Coastal System ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Selection Of

Transplantation of seagrasses is considered a useful method to favour the recovery of degraded meadows. Hence, many projects have been carried out worldwide and a manifold of techniques have been applied. However, the choice of transplantation procedures remains a main problem to be assessed. In order to optimize efforts and to minimize risks of plants loss, the applied methodologies should take into account typology of hosting substratum, hydrodynamic conditions, depth and seagrass species. Due to their fundamental ecological role in the Mediterranean coastal system, many restoration projects aiming to preserve Posidonia oceanica meadows took place in the last decades. Several transplantation techniques have produced different results. In fact the same transplanting methodology may originate diverse results under different environmental conditions. Recently, naturalistic engineering techniques developed on land, have been used for transplantations of P. oceanica. Pilot projects concerning small surfaces were carried out between 2006 and 2010. More recently, a large-scale program (0.1 km2) was realized in 2012 at Civitavecchia (Roma, Thyrrenian Sea). The applied technique consists basically of mattresses filled with sand coupled with a net covering able to hold steady in situ the plant rhizomes. These structures have been variously modified in time to be adapted to the different type of substratum and various hydrodynamic conditions of the transplanting sites. Following the results of these transplantation experiences, we analyzed pros and cons of the techniques in order to improve the methodology. Firstly, these techniques may be considered suitable to large-scale projects allowing to minimize transplantation times. Secondly, the rhizomes may be successfully fixed to the structures; the majority of the transplanted shoots was not damaged showing a very good vegetative vitality with the production of new rhizomes, leaves and roots few months after transplanting. Finally, this procedure is flexible, as the basic technique can be modified and tailored to the various environmental conditions of the different receiving site. However, the results obtained in different areas are highly heterogeneous suggesting that a careful selection of the hosting site is a focal point. To this aim, a pilot study before the beginning of large-scale project seems mandatory, providing a fundamental support to guarantee successful results.

scholarly journals The distribution of <i>Triebelina raripila</i> and <i>Carinocythereis carinata</i> (Ostracoda) from the Middle Miocene of the Central Paratethys and their palaeogeographic implications

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Szczechura
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Early Miocene ◽  
Central Paratethys ◽  
Eastern Paratethys ◽  
Main Species ◽  
Late Middle Miocene ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract. Late Middle Miocene (Upper Badenian) strata of the Fore-Carpathian Depression of Poland yield a shallow-water ostracod fauna which contains the species Triebelina raripila (G. W. Müller, 1894) and Carinocythereis carinata (Roemer, 1838). The palaeobiogeographic distribution of the two main species suggests, that in the late Middle Miocene, Central Paratethys was still connected to the Mediterranean, although still separated from the Eastern Paratethys and from southeastern Eurasia. The continuous occurrence of Triebelina raripila and Carinocythereis carinata in the Mediterranean basins, from the Early Miocene to Recent, indicates that marine conditions existed throughout, thereby allowing them to survive the Late Miocene salinity crisis.

scholarly journals Production of Didymella rabiei Pseudothecia and Dispersal of Ascospores in a Mediterranean Climate

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 1279-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gamliel-Atinsky ◽  
D. Shtienberg ◽  
H. Vintal ◽  
Y. Nitzni ◽  
A. Dinoor
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Temperature Requirement ◽  
Trap Plants ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Stem Segments

Temperature and wetness conditions required for development and maturation of Didymella rabiei pseudothecia were determined in a series of experiments conducted in controlled-environmental conditions. Initial stages of pseudothecium formation occurred at temperatures ranging from 5 to 15°C. Incubation at low temperatures was essential for subsequent pseudothecium maturation. This requirement was satisfied for chickpea stem segments incubated at 5 or 10°C for three consecutive weeks or during periods of 3 or 5 days, separated by periods at higher temperatures. Following the low-temperature requirement, subsequent pseudothecium development was independent of temperature in the range tested (5 to 20°C). Wetness was essential for pseudothecium production: pseudothecia formed and matured on stem segments maintained continuously wet but also on those exposed to periods of three or five wet days, separated by dry periods. The dispersal of D. rabiei ascospores was studied using chickpea plants as living traps in the field. Trap plants were infected mainly when exposed during rain but also in rainless periods. Results of this study enabled us to describe the developmental events leading to the production of the teleomorph stage and the dispersal of ascospores by D. rabiei in the Mediterranean climate of Israel.

Crunching of the primordial interpretation of the Lago-Mare phase: new insights from integrated ostracod biostratigraphy and Sr isotope ratios

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Andreetto ◽  
Rachel Flecker ◽  
Marius Stoica
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Isotopic Signature ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Eastern Paratethys ◽  
Faunal Assemblages ◽  
Shelf Slope ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Mediterranean Water

&lt;p&gt;The discovery in the 70&amp;#8217;s of the km-thick Mediterranean salt giant alongside the seismic observance of Pliocene-filled engravings along its shelf-slope systems concurred together to postulate that the Mediterranean-Atlantic seaway terminated during the late Messinian. The resulting changes in paleogeographic, paleohydrological and biological conditions, acknowledged as Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC, 5.97-5.33 Ma), find their expression in the marginal sedimentary record in fauna-depleted gypsum and halite-bearing successions (5.97-5.42 Ma). During the Lago-Mare phase (5.42-5.33) that terminates the MSC the evaporitic deposition endures in the intermediate basins (e.g. Caltanissetta Basin, Sicily), whilst all the marginal basins fill with fluvio-lacustrine terrigenous sediments. Up to five conglomerate to sandstone-laminated pelite alternations thought to be precession controlled are counted underneath the Zanclean marine deposits featuring the restoration of a marine environment. Finer hemicycles tuned to insolation maxima period stand out above all for the occurrence of faunal assemblages consisting of brackish water ostracods, mollusks and dinoflagellate cysts. The affinity of these faunal elements with the coeval inhabitants of the Eastern Paratethys region, fragmented in isolated, long-lived brackish lakes (i.e. Euxinic and Caspian Basin), led to the primordial hypothesis of a similar paleoenvironment in force during the Lago-Mare phase for the Mediterranean, coherent with the paleoenvironment subsisting immediately prior to it. However, the progress of scientific research provided additional evidence arguing against the desiccation theory and supporting a basin filled even during the Lago-Mare phase. Within the full Mediterranean model controversial views exist on the hydrochemistry of the water mass, disputed between marine, brackish and density-stratified. To elucidate Mediterranean base level and hydrology just preceding the restoration of open marine conditions we merge together new and published ostracod biostratigraphic data and radiogenic strontium isotope ratios (&lt;sup&gt;87&lt;/sup&gt;Sr/&lt;sup&gt;86&lt;/sup&gt;Sr) from locations (SE Spain, Piedmont, Sicily and Cyprus) covering the whole extent of the Mediterranean Basin. Ostracod faunal assemblages share approximately the same species and the same distribution pattern. Within a single pelitic bed, richness varies from oligotypic assemblages dominated by &lt;em&gt;Cyprideis torosa&lt;/em&gt; to heterotypic assemblages with up to 17 Black Sea-derived species. Consequently, we conclude that it is most likely that the Mediterranean water level during the final phase of the MSC was high enough to let the Paratethyan fauna to reach and spread throughout the shallow Mediterranean depositional environments. &lt;sup&gt;87&lt;/sup&gt;Sr/&lt;sup&gt;86&lt;/sup&gt;Sr ratios measured on ostracod valves range between 0.709131-0.708715. The generally lower and higher Sr isotopic composition than contemporary seawater (&amp;#8764;0.709024) alongside the data spreading are considered as a further proof of the presence of multiple lakes acquiring their own isotopic composition. We demonstrate that, when taken individually, none of the marginal basins yields an isotopic signature that matches that of the local rivers. If anything, these &lt;sup&gt;87&lt;/sup&gt;Sr/&lt;sup&gt;86&lt;/sup&gt;Sr values arise from the mixing of local river water with Mediterranean water and we show that the discrepancies among each basin are consistent with variations in the lithologies of the contributing catchments. Lastly, we show that multiple, isotopically different water sources of both internal (major peri-Mediterranean rivers) and external (Atlantic and Eastern Paratethys) contributed to building up the Mediterranean water mass.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

Influence of Mediterranean sea-level changes on the Dacic Basin (Eastern Paratethys) during the late Neogene: the Mediterranean Lago Mare facies deciphered

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Clauzon ◽  
Jean-Pierre Suc ◽  
Speranta-Maria Popescu ◽  
Mariana Marunteanu ◽  
Jean-Loup Rubino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Eastern Paratethys ◽  
Late Neogene ◽  
The Mediterranean

scholarly journals Dieta monastyczna w świetle nauki medycznej. Teodoret z Cyru i medycy o soczewicy

Vox Patrum ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 297-329
Author(s):  
Maciej Kokoszko ◽  
Jolanta Dybała ◽  
Krzysztof Jagusiak ◽  
Zofia Rzeźnicka
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Medical Procedures ◽  
Medical Doctors ◽  
Theodoret Of Cyrus ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Culinary Uses ◽  
The One ◽  
Medical Writings

The present article discusses one of the most important ingredients of the Syrian ascetic diet (from the beginning of the IVth to the mid Vth century) as de­scribed by Theodoret of Cyrus in his Historia religiosa, namely lentils (fakÒj). The basis of the research is constituted by ancient and byzantine medical trea­tises composed between the Ist and the VIIth centuries by Dioscurides, Galen, Oribasiusa, Aetius of Amida and Paul of Aegina. The aim of the article is to de­scribe the role of the legume and thereby opine on compatibility or incompatibil­ity of the monastic dietetic pattern with the one described by the medical doctors. First, the authors of the study try to show the importance of lentils as food across the area of the Mediterranean. Subsequently, they proceed to sketch its dietetic characteristics developed by ancient and Byzantine medical doctors and conclude that the evaluation was not fully appreciative of the foodstuff. Thirdly, the authors come to show applications of lentils in medical procedures, since both in Antiquity as well as in Byzantium the plant was considered to be a medicine. The discussion on lentils is concluded by introducing culinary uses of lentils, which abound in medical writings. The authors also note that all the preserved rec­ipes envisage the cooking of the food, i.e. a procedure which was usually avoided by the Syrian ascetics.

scholarly journals Transplantation of the Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica through naturalistic engineering techniques: value, weakness and further improvements

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Acunto ◽  
Luigi Piazzi ◽  
Francesco L. Cinelli ◽  
Anna Maria De Biasi ◽  
Lorenzo Pacciardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Posidonia Oceanica ◽  
Hydrodynamic Conditions ◽  
Coastal System ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Selection Of

Transplantation of seagrasses is considered a useful method to favour the recovery of degraded meadows. Hence, many projects have been carried out worldwide and a manifold of techniques have been applied. However, the choice of transplantation procedures remains a main problem to be assessed. In order to optimize efforts and to minimize risks of plants loss, the applied methodologies should take into account typology of hosting substratum, hydrodynamic conditions, depth and seagrass species. Due to their fundamental ecological role in the Mediterranean coastal system, many restoration projects aiming to preserve Posidonia oceanica meadows took place in the last decades. Several transplantation techniques have produced different results. In fact the same transplanting methodology may originate diverse results under different environmental conditions. Recently, naturalistic engineering techniques developed on land, have been used for transplantations of P. oceanica. Pilot projects concerning small surfaces were carried out between 2006 and 2010. More recently, a large-scale program (0.1 km2) was realized in 2012 at Civitavecchia (Roma, Thyrrenian Sea). The applied technique consists basically of mattresses filled with sand coupled with a net covering able to hold steady in situ the plant rhizomes. These structures have been variously modified in time to be adapted to the different type of substratum and various hydrodynamic conditions of the transplanting sites. Following the results of these transplantation experiences, we analyzed pros and cons of the techniques in order to improve the methodology. Firstly, these techniques may be considered suitable to large-scale projects allowing to minimize transplantation times. Secondly, the rhizomes may be successfully fixed to the structures; the majority of the transplanted shoots was not damaged showing a very good vegetative vitality with the production of new rhizomes, leaves and roots few months after transplanting. Finally, this procedure is flexible, as the basic technique can be modified and tailored to the various environmental conditions of the different receiving site. However, the results obtained in different areas are highly heterogeneous suggesting that a careful selection of the hosting site is a focal point. To this aim, a pilot study before the beginning of large-scale project seems mandatory, providing a fundamental support to guarantee successful results.

Environmental influence on growth history in marine benthic foraminifera

Paleobiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 736-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin R. Keating-Bitonti ◽  
Jonathan L. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Continental Margin ◽  
North American ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Cell Physiology ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Test Volume ◽  
The North

AbstractEnergy availability influences natural selection on the ontogenetic histories of organisms. However, it remains unclear whether physiological controls on size remain constant throughout ontogeny or instead shift as organisms grow larger. Benthic foraminifera provide an opportunity to quantify and interpret the physicochemical controls on both initial (proloculus) and adult volumes across broad environmental gradients using first principles of cell physiology. Here, we measured proloculus and adult test dimensions of 129 modern rotaliid species from published images of holotype specimens, using holotype size to represent the maximum size of all species’ occurrences across the North American continental margin. We merged size data with mean annual temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, particulate organic carbon flux, and seawater calcite saturation for 718 unique localities to quantify the relationship between physicochemical variables and among-species adult/proloculus size ratios. We find that correlation of community mean adult/proloculus size ratios with environmental parameters reflects covariation of adult test volume with environmental conditions. Among-species proloculus sizes do not covary identifiably with environmental conditions, consistent with the expectation that environmental constraints on organism size impose stronger selective pressures on adult forms due to lower surface area-to-volume ratios at larger sizes. Among-species adult/proloculus size ratios of foraminifera occurring in resource-limited environments are constrained by the limiting resource in addition to temperature. Identified limiting resources are food in oligotrophic waters and oxygen in oxygen minimum zones. Because among-species variations in adult/proloculus size ratios from the North American continental margin are primarily driven by the local environment’s influence on adult sizes, the evolution of foraminiferal sizes over the Phanerozoic may have been strongly influenced by changing oceanographic conditions. Furthermore, lack of correspondence between among-species proloculus sizes and environmental conditions suggests that offspring sizes in foraminifera are rarely limited by physiological constraints and are more susceptible to selection related to other aspects of fitness.

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