scholarly journals Dieta monastyczna w świetle nauki medycznej. Teodoret z Cyru i medycy o soczewicy

Vox Patrum ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 297-329
Author(s):  
Maciej Kokoszko ◽  
Jolanta Dybała ◽  
Krzysztof Jagusiak ◽  
Zofia Rzeźnicka
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Medical Procedures ◽  
Medical Doctors ◽  
Theodoret Of Cyrus ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Culinary Uses ◽  
The One ◽  
Medical Writings

The present article discusses one of the most important ingredients of the Syrian ascetic diet (from the beginning of the IVth to the mid Vth century) as de­scribed by Theodoret of Cyrus in his Historia religiosa, namely lentils (fakÒj). The basis of the research is constituted by ancient and byzantine medical trea­tises composed between the Ist and the VIIth centuries by Dioscurides, Galen, Oribasiusa, Aetius of Amida and Paul of Aegina. The aim of the article is to de­scribe the role of the legume and thereby opine on compatibility or incompatibil­ity of the monastic dietetic pattern with the one described by the medical doctors. First, the authors of the study try to show the importance of lentils as food across the area of the Mediterranean. Subsequently, they proceed to sketch its dietetic characteristics developed by ancient and Byzantine medical doctors and conclude that the evaluation was not fully appreciative of the foodstuff. Thirdly, the authors come to show applications of lentils in medical procedures, since both in Antiquity as well as in Byzantium the plant was considered to be a medicine. The discussion on lentils is concluded by introducing culinary uses of lentils, which abound in medical writings. The authors also note that all the preserved rec­ipes envisage the cooking of the food, i.e. a procedure which was usually avoided by the Syrian ascetics.

scholarly journals The Chickpea (ἐρέβινϑος; Cicer arietinum L) as a Medicinal Foodstuff and Medicine in Selected Greek Medical Writings

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 99-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Kokoszko ◽  
Krzysztof Jagusiak ◽  
Jolanta Dybała
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Byzantine Period ◽  
Medical Theory ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Culinary Uses ◽  
Early Byzantine ◽  
Medical Writings

Leguminous plants were a crucially important element in the Mediterranean diet, and, as such, these plants were second only to cereals. It is also important to note that according to medical writings preserved from antiquity and the early Byzantine period they were considered to be an accessible source of substances which could be applied in therapeutics. One of the most commonly mentioned legumes was the chickpea. The source material demonstrates that the medicinal properties of the chickpea and its therapeutic use were discussed by Greek physicians as early as in the fourth century BC. It seems that the plant was a readily accessible medicament and thus used in therapy also by those who could not afford costly medicines. The authors argue, however, that the medical theory concerning its role in therapeutics evolved into a fully developed form only in the first century AD (thanks to Dioscorides) and was not modified by Galen. The doctrine of these two physicians became part of the medical encyclopaedias of the early Byzantine period. The presented material also illustrates the fact that a significant number of medicinal Recipes which involved using the chickpea were formulated between the second century BC and the second century AD. Byzantine physicians avidly used these formulas in their practice, but failed to develop them in a significantly innovative way. The surviving medical writings make it possible to conclude that the chickpea was believed to be a highly effective medicine and as such worthy of cultivation, which only testifies to the general popularity of the plant. Medical writings may serve as a proof that the chickpea remained a key element in the Mediterranean diet throughout the period from the fourth century BC to the seventh century AD. The analysed material demonstrates the use of the same basic varieties of the erebinthos throughout the period, even though some local variants were also identified. The consistency of the data also suggests that the scale and methods of cultivation of this plant remained unchanged. The culinary uses of the chickpea must also have been the same throughout the period, given that the writers discussed similar uses of the plant as a foodstuff.

Waiting

2021 ◽  
pp. 342-368
Author(s):  
Anne Storch
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Spirit Possession ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Interests ◽  
The Social ◽  
Getting Lost ◽  
Epistemic Approach ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The One

This chapter explores the dialectics of walking and resting, and of mobility and waiting, with regards to creativity in language. It thereby focuses on the interruption and unintended break as an opportunity for interactions and encounters across linguistic epistemes, boundaries and norms. Walking as a methodology and epistemic approach has been discussed in anthropology, the social sciences and literary critique, but met very little interest in linguistics. This chapter on the one hand consequently attempts to address walking as a substantial approach to the study of multilingualism and improvisation, but on the other aims at highlighting disruption and stillness as creating the very liminal space and practice through which language creativity can emerge and be realized. It touches upon various practices that are crucial: being stuck, passing time, getting lost. Points of special interests interest include the role of language in the love songs and other genres, especially in the context of the Mediterranean, disruptions associated with migrations and peoples’ movements, the context of tourism, and the linguistic effects of spirit possession.

scholarly journals „Z gór, gdzie dźwigali” — a słuchali w salonach. Zygmunta Krasińskiego transgresje na szczycie góry

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Łoboz
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
The Other ◽  
Promised Land ◽  
The One

"Z GÓR, GDZIE DŹWIGALI" "FROM MOUNTAINS, WHERE THEY CARIED" - AND LISTENED TO THE SALONS. ZYGMUNT KRASIŃSKI' TRANSGRESSIONS ON THE TOP OF A MOUNTAINThe present Article is an attempt at an analysis and interpretation of Zygmunt Krasiński’s 1847 poem “Z gór, gdzie dźwigali” From the mountains, where they carried. The poem, full of sceptical pessimism, refers to the Biblical episode featuring Moses, whom God showed the vast expanse of the promised land from the top of a mountain, telling him, however, that he would see the land but would never enter it. Krasiński addressed this Biblical analogy to participants in the Great Emigration and his entire generation. The metaphorical mountain carries an ambiguous message: on the one hand it radiates heavenly light and on the other is a symbolic place of suffering, a Golgotha on the top of which each participants in the Messianic process carries his own cross — the burden of superhuman torment and penance. The mountain top is a place in which each of them experiences transgression, overcoming their own physical and intellectual weaknesses, and achieving spiritual stability by accepting the ungrateful role of “intermediaries” in the journey towards a free homeland. When it comes to the literature of Polish Romanticism, this is a noteworthy and important reflection.]]>

Sameness and Otherness in Psychiatry

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
M. Musalek
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Medical Doctors ◽  
Profound Change ◽  
Strongly Connected ◽  
The One

In psychiatry the interplay of sameness and otherness is of special interest and importance. Patients suffering from mental disorders are deeply affected by the experience of the otherness of oneself and the resulting marked changes in the surrounding world. Otherness is strongly connected with alienation, again a phenomenon which most of our patients with mental disorders suffer from. In this context we should not forget, however, that in former times medical doctors dealing professionally with mental disorders were called alienists indicating on the one hand that they are treating ‘aliens’ but on the other hand indicating the ‘alien role’ of psychiatrists. Alienation leads quite often to objections and hostile behaviour. For these reasons hospitality has to play a profound role in treatment programs for patients suffering from mental disorders and their aftermaths. J.Derrida rightly underlined the structural similarity of the words hostility and hospitality. Treatment settings are usually characterized by mutual and ambiguous relations between sameness and otherness, between acceptance and rejection, welcoming and refusal, integration and disintegration. This means that the problems resulting from the interplay of the sameness and otherness do not affect only patents but also treatment teams. One of the way-outs of the dilemma may be a profound change in treating persons with mental disorders - from the monologue of professionals to the mentally ill patients (no seldom leading to the experience of alienation) to a professional dialogue in a warm atmosphere of hospitality opening the chance for a concerted treatment approach based on reciprocity and confidence.

scholarly journals Filosofia, psicanálise e educação: o "mestre possível" de adoloscentes

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (218) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeska Zanello
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Education Philosophy ◽  
The One ◽  
Keywords Education

O presente artigo tem como escopo pensar uma articulação entre o lugar apontado pela psicanálise como o do "mestre possível" de adolescentes e o papel do professor na comunidade de investigação, no projeto Filosofia na Escola. Segundo uma leitura psicanalítica contemporânea, este lugar é marcado por um discurso do mestre permeado pelo do analista, isto é, por uma disposição de um mestre "não-todo poderoso", sujeito a aberturas, incertezas e dúvidas, trespassado pelo não saber. Defendemos a idéia de que a metodologia trabalhada no projeto Filosofia na Escola, através da comunidade de investigação, pode ser um meio propício para possibilitar o desabrochar desta disposição. Palavras-chave: educação; ensino de adolescentes; filosofia; psicanálise. Abstract The present article aims at thinking an articulation between the place pointed out by psychoanalysis as of the "possible master" of teenagers and the role of the teacher in the community, in the project "Philosophy in the School". According to the contemporaneous psychoanalysis, this place is marked by a speech of the master surrounded by the one of the analyst, i.e., of a "not-so powerful" master, subject to openings, uncertainties and doubts, trespassed by "not knowing". We defend the idea that the methodology worked in the project "Philosophy in the School", through the community, can make possible the development of this disposition. Keywords: education; teenagers education; philosophy; psychoanalysis.

Rice as food and medication in ancient and Byzantine medical literature

2015 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Kokoszko ◽  
Krzysztof Jagusiak ◽  
Zofia Rzeźnicka
Keyword(s):  
Medical Literature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Medical Procedures ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
The Third ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Agricultural Revolution ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Medical Writings

AbstractThe article discusses rice (ὄρυζα) on the basis of medical writings compiled between the first and seventh centuries, and consists of four parts. The first tries to assess the spread of rice in the Greco-Roman agriculture. The results of the analysis support conclusions present in the literature and confirm the fact that rice was never popular in the Mediterranean in antiquity and later during the period of early and middle Byzantium. A gradual change in its status appeared along with the Arab agricultural revolution. The second chapter of the study is devoted to dietetic characterizations of rice and enlists features attributed to it, which were consistently made use of in medical procedures. The third part of the study tries to retrieve from medical writings main culinary guidelines concerning rice. The authors conclude that the cereal usually was the basis for preparation of cooked dishes and was hardly ever used in baking. The fourth chapter enumerates medical procedures which included rice (cure of intestinal problems, hemorrhages, other ailments resulting in excessive excretion of fluids of the body, gout etc.).

scholarly journals Dietetic Management of Lipid Profile in an Adult Population from the Italian Region of Abruzzo: Role of Mediterranean Diet

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-21
Author(s):  
Maria Alessandra Gammone ◽  
Stefania Martelli ◽  
Antonella Danese ◽  
Nicolantonio D’Orazio
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Markers ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
The One

Background: There has long been a lot of debate about the role of nutrition in the pathogenesis of cardio- vascular diseases. Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially n-3 PUFAs are the types of fat that favor metabolic markers and represent central components of the Mediterranean diet, which is considered an ideal dietary pattern with great cardio protective effect. Aim: This study aims to assess the influence of Mediterranean diet on lipid metabolism, compared to not-Mediterranean hypocaloric dietary patterns. Materials and Methods: This prospective clinical trial evaluated total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides and their modifications in a group of adults in relation to the two different kinds of diet: on the one hand the typical western dietetic pattern, characterized by higher intakes of red meat, dairy products and refined grains, low consumption of fruits and vegetables (L-diet), and the Mediterranean diet (M-diet).

The Paradigmatic Translator and His Method: Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq’s Translation of the Hippocratic Aphorisms from Greek via Syriac into Arabic

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 158-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Overwien
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
The Other ◽  
Arabic Version ◽  
Working Process ◽  
Medical Text ◽  
The One ◽  
Working Method

The present article deals with the role of the Syriac intermediary within Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq’s working process. In its first part I aim to show that the Syriac translation of the Hippocratic Aphorisms (ed. Pognon) was produced by Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq. Since this is the first Syriac translation of an ancient medical text which can be definitely ascribed to Ḥunayn, we are now in a better position to understand his working method. In its second part I compare therefore samples of his Syriac translaton with the Greek Vorlage on the one hand and his Arabic version of this Hippocratic text on the other.

Reconsidering the Role of Mazu under the Early Hongwu Reign

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-20
Author(s):  
Roderich Ptak ◽  
Jiehua Cai
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Conventional View ◽  
Imperial Court ◽  
Form Part ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Definite Solution

The worship of Mazu, the Chinese Goddess of Sailors, began in Fujian, under the early Song. Migrants from that province gradually spread this cult to other coastal regions and among the overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia. The present article investigates one particular episode in the history of the Mazu cult. Its stage is Guangzhou and the period dealt with is the beginning of the Hongwu reign. In 1368, Liao Yongzhong’s troops moved to that city, putting it under control of Zhu Yuanzhang, the first Ming emperor. Local chronicles pertaining to Guangdong and certain other sources briefly refer to this event. They report that Liao promoted the worship of Mazu in that region and they indicate that Mazu received an official title in 1368, by imperial order. TheTianfei xiansheng lu, one of the key texts for the Mazu cult, provides different details: It associates the title granted by the imperial court with the year 1372, and not with the context of Central Guangdong. Furthermore, the attributes which form part of the title vary from one text to the next. The paper discusses these and other points, arguing there could be two different narrative traditions surrounding Mazu’s role in 1368/72: the Guangdong version and the “conventional” view, similar to the one found inTianfei xiansheng lu. Although there is no definite solution for this dilemma, the article tries to expose the general background into which one may embed these observations.

scholarly journals Pieniądz w "Historia religiosa" autorstwa Teodoreta z Cyru

Vox Patrum ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 481-492
Author(s):  
Ireneusz Milewski
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sources Of Knowledge ◽  
Theodoret Of Cyrus ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

The paper analyses the reports regarding money, which appear in the Historia religiosa writen by Theodoret of Cyrus. Historia religiosa, on the one hand, presents the life of the Syrian monks, and the other hand depicts the realities of everyday life of the inhabitants of the collapsed provinces of the Roman East at the turn of the fourth and fifth century. On this occasion, we also find in Historia religiosa nu­merous references to the role of money in everyday life. In the work of Theodoret money appears in several contexts: as an important element of trade on the market, as taxes, as a ransom paid for releasing captives but also as a money in welfare ac­tivities (amounts of money donated to charity). Unfortunately, in Historia religiosa, we didn’t found any information about the prices and wages. The analyzed reports, despite a certain lack of precision, are a valuable sources of knowledge. They depicts everyday life in eastern provinces, “stories” unknown to the “great history”, allow­ing for a reconstruction of social and economic history of the later Roman Empire.

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