scholarly journals Frequency of Sexually Transmitted Pathogens in HIV- Positive Individuals

Author(s):  
Tuğba Bozdemir ◽  
Candan Çİçek ◽  
Deniz Gökengin ◽  
Sabire Şöhret Aydemir ◽  
İmre Altuğlu ◽  
...  

Objective: Sexually transmitted infections are frequently seen and significant infections for public health. Prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of sexually transmitted infections have an important role in controlling the transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The investigation of the frequency of other sexually transmitted pathogens in asymptomatic HIV- positive individuals was aimed in the present study. Method: Vaginal and urethral swab samples were collected by 90 HIV- positive asymptomatic individuals themselves aged between 20-69 (median=36, SD=10.48) years, between September 2015 and April 2016. The samples were assessed for the presence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum, Herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2, and Human papillomavirus using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results: At least one or more than one sexually transmitted pathogen was identified in 49 (54.4%) of 90 HIV-positive individuals. Human Papillomavirus was found in 31 (34.4%), Ureaplasma urealyticum in 20 (22.2%), Ureaplasma parvum in 15 (16.6%), Mycoplasma genitalium in 8 (8.8%), Mycoplasma hominis in 8 (8.8%), Neisseria gonorrhoeae in 5 (5.5%) and Chlamydia trachomatis in 2 (2.2%) individuals. Trichomonas vaginalis, Herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 were not detected in any of the clinical specimens. Conclusion: Approximately 55% of 90 HIV- positive individuals were found to be positive for sexually transmitted pathogens, and . Human Papillomavirus was the most frequently detected pathogen. This condition reveals the necessity of screening even asymptomatic individuals for the presence of this pathogen. Studies are needed to increase awareness in our country on this issue.

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Aschbacher ◽  
Francesca Romagnoli ◽  
Elisa Masi ◽  
Valentina Pasquetto ◽  
Franco Perino ◽  
...  

Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, Ureaplasma parvum, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis and Mycoplasma genitalium are established or presumed as (??) STI pathogens. The present study aims  at ng describing the one-year molecular epidemiology of these seven pathogens in the Province of Bolzano, Northern Italy. From April 2016 to March 2017, a total of  2,949 patients, mainly females, were enrolled and 3,427 urine, vaginal, endocervical and/or urethral samples were subjected to simultaneous analysis of the seven pathogens by means of Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (AnyplexTM II STI-7 Detection Kit Seegene, Seoul, Korea). At least one of the seven microorganisms was detected in 40.7% of patients, with an uneven distribution: 43.1% in females (F) and 29.8% (p<0.001) in males (M). The prevalence of microorganisms was as follows: 30.3% U. parvum (F: 35.6%, M: 8.3%), 6.9% U. urealyticum (F: 6.8%, M: 7.0%), 4.9% M. hominis (F: 5.4%, M: 2.3%), 4.9% C. trachomatis (F: 3.4%, M: 11.4%), 1.1% M. genitalium (F: 1.0%, M: 1.2%), 1.2% N. gonorrhoeae (F: 0.17%, M: 5.6%) and 0.40% T. vaginalis (F: 0.38%, M: 0.53%). Mixed infections were detected in 7.4% of patients. The highest prevalence was observed for U. parvum, followed by U. urealyticum and M. hominis and a significant  presence of multi-pathogen infections was registered.


World Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (8(36)) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Fedorych P. V. ◽  
Mavrov G. I.

Introduction.The structure of incidence of sexually transmitted infections is changing constantly. Information on such changes supports correct planning of clinical and diagnostic activities of institutions providing specialized medical care by qualified specialists.Objective:to investigate the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections with pathogens clinically significant to the genitourinary system in Ukraine and at the local level.Materials and methods. Polymerase chain reaction was used to test the biological material obtained from the genitourinary clinical specimens from subjects with sexually transmitted infections, who underwent clinical and laboratory examinations in Oleksandrivsk Clinical Hospital (Kyiv, Ukraine) for Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Trichomonas vaginalis, Human papillomavirus, and Neisseria gonorrhoea. During 2017, 607 subjects of both genders, including 295 (48.6%) females and 312 (51.4%) males, were examined. Their mean age was 32±3.5.Findings. Chlamydia trachomatis was found in 159 (26.2%) of 607 examined subjects – 85 males and 74 females. Mycoplasma hominis was found in 122 of 585 (21.1%) examined subjects – 64 males and 58 females. Mycoplasma genitalium, respectively, in 17 (6.62%) of 258 subjects – 6 males and 11 females. Ureaplasma urealyticum was found in the largest number of subjects (305, i.e. in 48.77% of 601 examined subjects) – 157 males and 148 females. Trichomonas vaginalis was found in 28 (5.23%) of 535 subjects – 15 males and 13 females. Human papillomavirus was found in 158 of 297 (53.2%) examined subjects – 88 males and 70 females. Neisseria gonorrhea was found in 33 of 297 (8.45%) subjects – 8 males and 25 females.Conclusions. As suggested by the local study of the sexually transmitted infections incidence in Ukraine, the most clinically significant for the genitourinary system are Human papillomavirus (53.2%), Ureaplasma urealyticum (48.77%), Chlamydia trachomatis (26.2%) and Mycoplasma hominis (21.1%). Therefore, tests for these pathogens in the specified region is currently the most appropriate during diagnostic examinations and counselling of subjects with genitourinary infections.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Fabiana Pirani Carneiro ◽  
Andersen Charles Darós ◽  
Adriana Cysneiro Milhomem Darós ◽  
Tércia Maria Mendes Lousa de Castro ◽  
Marcos de Vasconcelos Carneiro ◽  
...  

Introduction. Despite increasing application of molecular diagnostic methods for the detection of sexually transmitted infections, the cytological findings in pap smears of patients with pathogens that can be identified only by PCR are not yet well described. The aim of this study was to describe the most common cytological features in cervical pap smears of patients with Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium, Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Ureaplasma parvum detected by multiplex PCR. Methods. Cervical samples for conventional and liquid-based cytology and for multiplex PCR were collected from women ranging from 23 to 54 years old, who underwent routine screening at a gynecological Unit. Results. Multiplex PCR was positive in 36.2% of the samples: Ureaplasma parvum 14.9%, Chlamydia trachomatis 10.6%, Trichomonas vaginalis 10.6%, Mycoplasma hominis 8.5%, Ureaplasma urealyticum 4.2%, Neisseria gonorrhoeae 2.1%, and Mycoplasma genitalium (0). Multiple pathogens were observed in 12.8% of samples. Microscopic cervicitis (≥10 polymorphonuclear leukocytes/epithelial cell) and normal (predominantly lactobacillary) microbiota were the most frequent findings in the samples in which the pathogens were detected alone or in multiple infections, except for samples with Trichomonas vaginalis in which the coccobacillary microbiota was the most common. In samples with microscopic cervicitis and normal microbiota, those with at least one pathogen identified by multiplex PCR were significantly more frequent than those with no pathogen, 66.6% versus 33.3%. Conclusion. Failure to identify an inflammatory agent in pap smear with intense neutrophil exudate may suggest the presence of Ureaplasma parvum, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Chlamydia trachomatis, or Trichomonas vaginalis. A remark on the intensity of inflammation should be made in the reports of cervical pap smears so that this cytological finding can be correlated with clinical and PCR results.


2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Umi Kalsom A ◽  
Suvra B ◽  
Zainul RMR ◽  
Siti Norlia O ◽  
Zalina I ◽  
...  

 INTRODUCTION: Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) and Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) infections are well recognized and prevalent sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The role of Mycoplasma spp and Ureaplasma spp are still controversial as some are commensals of genitourinary tract. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence rate of 7 organisms: Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoea, Mycoplasma genitalium, Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) and Ureaplasma parvum (UP) in infertile married couples during infertility evaluation. MATERIALS & METHODS: A total of 274 samples from all of the 137 couples who attended the reproductive center from June to December 2014 were collected. Detection of the organisms was performed using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: STI-associated organisms were detected in 35.4% (97/274) of subjects. The prevalence rates of CT, MG, TV, UU, MH were 7.3%,1.1%, 0.4%,5.4% and 5.1% respectively. Twenty-one (7.7%) subjects were positive for more than one organism. 24/274 (8.8%) of subjects had history of urogenital tract-related symptoms and 50% (12/24) were tested positive to one or more organisms. The presence of symptoms in both male and female subjects were found to be 10% (2/20) in CT infection, 10% (7/67) in UP, 14% (2/14) in MH and 13% (2/15) in UU infections. CONCLUSION: Sexually transmitted organisms were detected in one third of subjects planning for fertility evaluation. The absence of symptom in most subjects particularly in CT infection emphasizes the need for microbiological screening during infertility evaluation. The presence of genital ureaplasmas and mycoplasmas in infertile couples should not be neglected. There is a growing need to clarify whether their roles are simply colonizers or pathogens implicated in infertility.


2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-331
Author(s):  
Mihaela Laura Vica ◽  
Lia Monica Junie ◽  
Alecsandra Iulia Grad ◽  
Alexandru Tataru ◽  
Horea Vladi Matei

Abstract Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are a very important cause of illness worldwide and prolonged, untreated infections with STD pathogens may have serious consequences. Our study aims to evaluate the distribution of six different STDs (Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis and Mycoplasma genitalium) in male urine samples. First void urine samples from 52 symptomatic patients were collected between April 2014 and April 2015. DNA was extracted, purified and amplified via multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of the six STD pathogens, further identified using a 2% agarose gel electrophoresis with ethidium bromide as staining agent. STD frequency in the study group was 53.84 % (28 patients), mostly in the 20-29 years age group. Among positive patients, six presented multiple infections. 35 positive DNA samples were identified in the study: 17 of C. trachomatis, 9 of U. urealyticum, 7 of N. gonorrhoeae and 2 of M. genitalium. Wide scale application of the system based on the simultaneous detection of these six pathogens inducing STD may facilitate diagnosis, especially in multiple infections.


2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
E.S. Snarskaya ◽  
◽  
O.Yu. Olisova ◽  
Yu.A. Semenchak ◽  
◽  
...  

Objective. To analyze the spectrum of sexually transmitted infections (Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae) in patients with different clinical variants of localized scleroderma (LS) and scleroatrophic lesions in the anogenital area. Patients and methods. We examined 104 patients diagnosed with LS (including guttate morphea, linear scleroderma, scleroatrophic lichen, and atrophoderma of Pasini and Pierini) in V.A.Rakhmanov Clinic of Skin and Venereal Diseases. After clinical and morphological phenotyping, we selected 62 patients (17.7% of males and 82.3% of females) with scleroatrophic lesions in the anogenital area. All patients were tested for sexually transmitted infections, including Human papillomavirus (HPV) (high-risk types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, and 68) and herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (HSV1/2) using polymerase chain reaction. Results. We found that 71% of patients with scleroatrophic lesions in the anogenital area had chronic infections, including those caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (29.5%), Trichomonas vaginalis (15.9%), Mycoplasma genitalium (13.6%), and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (2.3%). In 38.6% of cases, the development of scleroatrophic lesions was associated with bacterial vaginosis. One-third of patients (33.8%) were found to have high-risk HPV strains (type 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, and 68) and HSV 1/2. Conclusion. In our opinion, anogenital location of LS can be a marker of chronic infections of the genitourinary system; such patients should be tested for sexually transmitted infections. Keywords: localized scleroderma; scleroatrophic lichen; anogenital location; vulvar lichen; penile lichen; sexually transmitted infections; bacterial vaginosis; herpes simplex virus; human papillomavirus


2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 969-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Lopez-Arias ◽  
Silvia Vazquez-Jimenez ◽  
Eduardo Martinez-Abundis ◽  
Nancy P Gomez-Crisostomo ◽  
Alma Chavez-Blanco ◽  
...  

The genital colonization of certain Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp. has been associated with an increased the risk of acquisition and persistence of human papillomavirus. However, its association with high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes is not entirely clear, and the prevalence of such coinfections in cervical precancerous lesions has been poorly explored. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association of high-risk human papillomavirus with Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp. in 258 women recruited during their routine gynecological inspection at an outpatient clinic in Tabasco, Mexico. Among the Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp. evaluated in the present study, the highest peak of prevalence was attributed to Ureaplasma parvum (32.9%), followed by Mycoplasma hominis (14%), Ureaplasma urealyticum (6.6%), and Mycoplasma genitalium (0.8%). The overall prevalence rates of papillomavirus DNA and high-risk human papillomavirus were 25.6% and 17.1%, respectively. The overall association showed that M. hominis and U. urealyticum correlated significantly with high-risk human papillomavirus infection. According to the cytological results, the distribution of coinfection with high-risk human papillomavirus and U. urealyticum did not show significant differences with respect to severity of cervical lesions. Conversely, the association of high-risk human papillomavirus with M. hominis was more frequent in women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions ( P = 0.037).


2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Avolio ◽  
Maria Luisa Modolo ◽  
Paola Stano ◽  
Rita De Rosa ◽  
Alessandro Camporese

<em>Background</em>: Symptoms of most common bacterial and parasitic sexually transmitted infections tend to be non-specific and typically have a variety of different potential causal agents that may require different treatments. In this field the pathogenic potential of genital Ureaplasma species is still uncertain and debated. The goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence of <em>Chlamydia trachomatis</em> (CT), <em>Neisseria</em> <em>gonorrhoeae</em> (NG), <em>Trichomonas vaginalis</em> (TV), <em>Mycoplasma genitalium</em> (MG), <em>Mycoplasma hominis</em> (MH), <em>Ureaplasma urealyticum</em> (UU) and <em>Ureaplasma</em> <em>parvum</em> (UP) in a cohort of symptomatic and asymptomatic childbearing age women and to assess the relationships between bacterial vaginosis and symptoms with both UU and UP. <br /><em>Materials and Methods</em>: DNA of 2735 endocervical specimens was consecutively analysed by a commercial multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction for detection of 7 multiple target sequences simultaneously: CT, NG, TV, MG, MH, UU and UP. <br /><em>Results</em>: Out of the total number of population studied (n=2735), UP was found to be the species with highest prevalence (30.9%) followed by MH (6.5%), UU (6.3%), CT (2.6%), MG (0.8%) and TV (0.9%). UP single species detection was extremely significant in symptomatic women with normal flora (P&lt;0.0001). The correlation of UP in symptomatic women with bacterial vaginosis was not significant (P=0.3387). <br /><em>Conclusions</em>: Our results suggest a potential specific etiological role to UP, still considered rightly or wrongly <em>innocent</em> <em>bystander</em>, despite the lack so far of specific-species culture tests.


2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-264
Author(s):  
Simona Žilinskienė ◽  
Arūnas Petkevičius

Negonorėjinis uretritas (NGU) yra dažniausia vyrų lytinių takų liga. Mokslinių tyrimų rezultatais pagrįsta, kad pagrindiniai sukėlėjai yra Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Ureaplasma urealyticum. Įdiegus pažangius molekulinės diagnostikos metodus, dažnai šlaplės mikrofloroje randama Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma parvum, Gardnerella vaginalis ir kitų saprofitinių mikroorganizmų, kurių svarba uretritų etiopatogenezėje yra prieštaringa ir iki galo neišaiškinta. Negydytas vyrų uretritas gali sukelti sutrikimų, susijusių su reprodukcine bei lytine funkcija, ir yra viena iš pagrindinių nevaisingumo priežasčių. Šio straipsnio tikslas yra, apžvelgus mokslinę literatūrą, išanalizuoti vyrų NGU epidemiologiją, priežastis, diagnostikos ir gydymo galimybes.


2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Van Der Pol ◽  
Ken B. Waites ◽  
Li Xiao ◽  
Stephanie N. Taylor ◽  
Arundhati Rao ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) infections are a growing concern within the field of sexually transmitted infections. However, diagnostic assays for M. genitalium have been limited in the United States. As most infections are asymptomatic, individuals can unknowingly pass the infection on, and the prevalence is likely to be underestimated. Diagnosis of M. genitalium infection is recommended using a nucleic acid test. This multicenter study assessed the performance of the cobas Trichomonas vaginalis (TV)/MG assay (cobas) for the detection of M. genitalium, using 22,150 urogenital specimens from both symptomatic and asymptomatic men and women collected at geographically diverse sites across the United States. The performance was compared to a reference standard of three laboratory-developed tests (LDTs). The specificity of the cobas assay for M. genitalium ranged from 96.0% to 99.8% across symptomatic and asymptomatic men and women. The sensitivities in female vaginal swabs and urine samples were 96.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 88.5 to 99.1%) and 86.4% (95% CI, 75.5 to 93.0%), respectively. The sensitivities in male urine and meatal swab samples were 100% (95% CI, 94.0 to 100%) and 85.0% (95% CI, 73.9 to 91.9%), respectively. This study demonstrated that the cobas assay was highly sensitive and specific in all relevant clinical samples for the detection of M. genitalium.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document