scholarly journals Establishment of libraries in the north-east Bosnia after the Second world war, with focus on the work of National library in Tuzla between 1945 and 1953.

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-217
Author(s):  
Jasmin Jajčević ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
National Library ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Second World

Cultural policy in Bosnia and Herzegovina after the Second World War was aimed at strengthening the network of cultural, scientific and other institutions. Libraries had an important place within institutions. The new government helped build libraries and provided them with material resources. A large number of professional and special libraries of different rank and significance have been established. By establishing libraries after the Second World War, efforts were made to encourage the interest of the population in the book, and this was achieved by using various ways of agitating and popularizing libraries. Libraries began to be established in all places in northeastern Bosnia where conditions existed. Opening of city, town and local public libraries. Libraries and reading rooms were closely linked to the literacy of the population. As one of the more active forms of enlightenment, the advantage was that they were accessible to the broadest masses, they did not cost much and could easily be organized and maintained. The work on the opening and renovation of libraries and reading rooms was particularly intense in the aftermath of the Second World War. At that time, libraries were established in all major administrative centers, thus establishing a network of libraries in northeastern Bosnia. On the establishment of libraries in northeastern Bosnia after the Second World War, with the emphasis on the establishment and operation of the National Library in Tuzla, and with which problems and shortcomings they encountered, will be discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals The Women’s Question among the Masons of Russian Paris

Literary Fact ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 314-332
Author(s):  
Michela Venditti
Keyword(s):  
Literary Work ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
National Library ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
The North ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

The article is a introduction to the publication of the minutes of the meetings of the Russian lodge "Northern Star" in Paris, concerning the discussion on the admission of women to freemasonry. The proposed archival materials, deposited in the National Library of France in Paris, date back to 1945 and 1948. The women's issue became more relevant after the Second World War due to the fact that Masonic lodges had to recover and recruit new adherents. The article offers a brief overview of the women's issue in the history of Freemasonry in general, and in the Russian emigrant environment in particular. One of the founders of the North Star lodge, M. Osorgin, spoke out in the 1930s against the admission of women. In the discussions of the 1940s, the Masonic brothers repeat his opinion almost literally. Women's participation in Freemasonry is rejected using either gender or social arguments. Russian Freemasons mostly cite gender reasons: women have no place in Freemasonry because they are not men. Freemasonry, according to Osorgin, is a cult of the male creative principle, which is not peculiar to women. Discussions about the women's issue among Russian emigrant Freemasons are also an important source for studying their literary work; in particular, the post-war literary works of Gaito Gazdanov are closely connected with the Masonic ideology.

scholarly journals The Cowie Line

2006 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 119-161
Author(s):  
Gordon J Barclay
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Complete Survey ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
The Town ◽  
Second World ◽  
Over Time

The Cowie stop line, running west from the town of Stonehaven, the county town of the historical county of Kincardineshire, some 19km south of Aberdeen, has been recognized for some time as a well-preserved example of a Second World War anti-tank obstacle, but has not hitherto been described in detail. Its purpose was to stop any German force landing in the north-east penetrating into Angus and further south. To work effectively the line was extended to the west, by defences at the Bridge of Dye (on the Strachan–Fettercairn road) and the Devil’s Elbow (on the Braemar–Blairgowrie road) and planned demolitions on the Inverness–Perth road and railway. It originally comprised a dozen pillboxes, over 5km of anti-tank barrier, eight small and one large groups of anti-tank cubes and other defensive features. This paper outlines the strategic background, how the Cowie Line fitted into it, how the Line was constructed, and how its intended function changed over time. The results of the first complete survey of the surviving remains are also presented.

scholarly journals Echoes of Second World War and the Role of Soft Power in the North-East Asia

2015 ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
S. Chugrov
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Second World ◽  
Political Actions

The article deals with the unsolved territorial disputes inherited by East Asia countries (Japan, South Korea, China, Russia) after the World War II. It is shown how the countries of this region are trying to solve these problems or to use them in their own interests in domestic and foreign political actions.

scholarly journals Kilka uwag o historycznych fundamentach etnogenezy Friulów

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Bonusiak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The State ◽  
Linguistic Minorities ◽  
World War ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Second World

The territory of the modern Italian Republic is inhabited by a number of ethnic minorities. They are protected by the State, which recognises them as linguistic minorities. These include the Friulian-speaking community in the north-east of the country. Like all other ethnic groups, it has its own history, which has shaped its specific characteristics. After the Second World War, and especially since the late 1960s, the efforts of researchers and activists to describe and understand this process intensified. They began to identify those events that were considered particularly important in the process of Friulian ethnogenesis. The aim of this article is to subject them to critical analysis and to show possible simplifications or hypocrisies in the assumptions made to explain the phenomenon of the formation of Friulian distinctiveness.

scholarly journals Acoustic Reconstruction of Eszterháza Opera House Following New Archival Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 8817
Author(s):  
Lamberto Tronchin ◽  
Francesca Merli ◽  
Marco Dolci
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
National Library ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Speech Transmission ◽  
The Will ◽  
Opera House ◽  
Second World

The Eszterháza Opera House was a theatre built by the will of the Hungarian Prince Nikolaus Esterházy in the second half of the 18th century that had to compete in greatness and grandeur against Austrian Empire. The composer that inextricably linked his name to this theatre was Haydn that served the prince and composed pieces for him for many years. The Opera House disappeared from the palace complex maps around 1865 and was destroyed permanently during the Second World War. This study aims to reconstruct the original shape and materials of the theatre, thanks to the documents founded by researchers in the library of the Esterházy family at Forchtenstein, the Hungarian National Library, and analyze its acoustic behavior. With the 3D model of the theatre, acoustic simulations were performed using the architectural acoustic software Ramsete to understand its acoustical characteristics and if the architecture of the Eszterháza Opera House could favor the Prince’s listening. The obtained results show that the union between the large volume of the theatre and the reflective materials makes the Opera House a reverberant space. The acoustic parameters are considered acoustically favorable both for the music and for the speech transmission too. Moreover, the results confirm that the geometry and the shape of the Eszterháza Opera House favored the Prince’s view and listening, amplifying onstage voices and focusing the sound into his box.

The Finnish Cinema Colony in North America, 1938−1941

2019 ◽  
pp. 237-243
Author(s):  
Anneli Lehtisalo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Film Industry ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
National Identities ◽  
World War ◽  
Niche Markets ◽  
The North ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Second World

This chapter addresses how Finnish films were exported and travelled to the United States and Canada between 1938-1941. Although resources were scarce and Finnish films were mainly targeted to domestic audiences, there existed vibrant niche markets for Finnish films among Finnish immigrants, in particularly during the late 1930s and the early 1940s. The chapter explores the distribution and exhibition practices within these diasporic communities, and discusses the significance of the North American niche markets both for the Finnish film industry and for Finnish immigrants. After this promising start was ruptured by the Second World War, the postwar circulation of Finnish films had only a marginal economic influence. Yet Finnish films of this era offered important means for the Finnish diasporic colonies and communities to sustain and negotiate national identities.

Nevil Shute and the Decline of the Imperial Idea' In Literature

1977 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Lammers
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Charles Kingsley ◽  
World War ◽  
Literary Response ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Social Facts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Second World ◽  
Beliefs And Attitudes

After John Buchan, Nevil Shute. In the long progression of popular British writers who have woven stories around the social facts and cultural values of empire, a progression which extends from Charles Kingsley and G. A. Henty through Paul Scott and, arguably, Ian Fleming, Nevil Shute occupies a distinguishable and important place. Both in his own right and as a representative figure he deserves analysis on account of his part in the literary re-statement of what has fairly been called the ‘imperial idea,’ that matrix of assumptions, beliefs, and attitudes which had sustained and rationalized the endeavors of several generations of politicians, publicists, and civil servants, but whose relevance to Great Britain's circumstances after the Second World War was increasingly open to doubt. This essay offers the elements of such an analysis and suggests some lines along which further inquiry might proceed.For at least a decade before his death in January 1960, Nevil Shute had been the best selling of English novelists. Altogether, his nearly two dozen works of light fiction have sold over 14 million copies. When he died his books were earning him an income of about $175,000 a year. Such extended popularity can hardly have been fortuitous. Without venturing too far into the psychology of literary response, it seems reasonable to conclude that Shute must have gauged accurately the issues and situations which, imaginatively presented, would interest his readers, and further, that he must have expressed in his work a pattern of values which conformed generally to their moral predispositions (or at least did not offend them.) Hence it should prove worthwhile to take a close and comprehensive look at his themes and ideas on the premise that they can tell us something useful about his audience.

Japan's Position before the Outbreak of the European War in September 1939

1980 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-143
Author(s):  
Kyozo Sato
Keyword(s):  
North China ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Pacific War ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
World War ◽  
War Of Attrition ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Second World ◽  
Made In

In the years leading up to the outbreak of war in Europe in early September 1939 Japan had been busy tackling the commitments she had made in North China at first and then in the whole of China. Although war was not declared, Japan had been at war with China since July 1937. It was a war of attrition; both Japan and China claimed to be winning, yet neither could, on any occasion, see any prospect of a final and definite victory. So long as Japan's military operations were confined to the area of North China, the war was named the ‘North China Incident.’ It was called the ‘China Incident’ after her successive and more or less successful operations had spread to Central and South China. And when a war broke out in the Pacific in December 1941 the Sino-Japanese war became an inseparable part of the ‘Greater East Asia War’ (Dai-tōa sensō), a name rarely heard by now, since it soon gave way to the ‘Pacific War’ (Taiheiyō sensō) in the sense of Japan waging the war of the Ocean, or to the ‘Second World War’ in the global sense.

The Development of a Suburban City in the Midst of the Boreal Forest: Thompson, Manitoba, Canada, 1956–19701

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Greg Stott
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Collaborative Project ◽  
The North ◽  
International Nickel Company ◽  
Service Centre ◽  
Mining Community ◽  
Second World

Thompson, Manitoba, was established in the late 1950s as both a mining community and a service centre for the north. A collaborative project between provincial officials and the International Nickel Company of Canada (INCO), Thompson borrowed heavily from post–Second World War trends in urban and suburban planning and development while grafting these ideas onto the realities of the boreal forest. At the same time, this orderly design was heavily influenced by the area’s First Nations and the newly arrived inhabitants who came from across Canada and much of the world. While not always a seamless or harmonious process, the interactions and agency of these various players shaped Thompson as a centre for mining and services, as well as a diverse and complex community bridging southern trends and northern realities.

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