FINANCING ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA: Analysis of Impact on the Electricity Sector

2012 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
Uzochukwu Amakom ◽  
Collins Nwogwugwu
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Transmission And Distribution

Funding provisions by policy makers are usually for two main purposes including poverty and inequality reduction as well as improvement of the situation for private sector growth. Nigeria returned to civilian rule in 1999 and has since been pursuing private sector-led growth and development and one of the sectors constituting the focus of the federal government is the energy sector especially the electricity sub-sector. This study analysed federal government spending on the energy sector with special emphasis on the electricity sub-sector to see how this spending has impacted on production, transmission and distribution of electricity using descriptive statistics. The study found that despite the significant reforms and increase in spending in the sector, the outcome in terms of its reflection on production, transmission and distribution of electricity is far from the realisation of the reform objectives. The country lags behind other countries like Libya, Kenya and Ghana in per capita power production and consumption and this lack of access to electric power, and modern energy in general has a negative effect on productivity and has limited the economic opportunities available to Nigeria. The study recommended going back to the NEEDS policy thrust and targets in the power sector and must pay attention to the environmental consequences of various options for enhancing the provision of energy services.

scholarly journals The Danish Income-Cap Regulation in the Power Supply Sector: A Legal Perspective Considering the Green Transition

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bent Ole Gram Mortensen
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Detailed Design ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
Transmission And Distribution ◽  
New Instruments

The break-even principle has been a fundamental principle for the price regulation of the Danish utilities for several decades. Following the liberalization of parts of the energy sector, this regulation has been supplemented with new instruments to regulate monopoly areas. This form of regulation was introduced in connection with a new electricity supply regulation from 1999. The detailed design of the income-cap regulation has been left to the Minister responsible for the energy sector and the supervisory authority (currently the Danish Utility Regulator). Income-cap regulation of power grids has given rise to several challenges. Thus, the specific design of the revenue framework has been changed several times. At the same time, however, some experience has been gained with the administrative handling of this form of regulation. Several cases have, in the absence of administrative courts in Denmark, been dealt with by the Danish Energy Board of Appeals. Since the introduction of revenue frameworks, the power (electricity) sector has changed. Furthermore, the sector must adapt to the Green Transition, which will require capacity expansion at both transmission and distribution levels, or other measures must be taken to prevent bottlenecks in the system. In this paper the income-cap experience will be discussed.

scholarly journals Internet of Things (IoT) and the Energy Sector

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naser Hossein Motlagh ◽  
Mahsa Mohammadrezaei ◽  
Julian Hunt ◽  
Behnam Zakeri
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Transmission And Distribution

Integration of renewable energy and optimization of energy use are key enablers of sustainable energy transitions and mitigating climate change. Modern technologies such the Internet of Things (IoT) offer a wide number of applications in the energy sector, i.e, in energy supply, transmission and distribution, and demand. IoT can be employed for improving energy efficiency, increasing the share of renewable energy, and reducing environmental impacts of the energy use. This paper reviews the existing literature on the application of IoT in in energy systems, in general, and in the context of smart grids particularly. Furthermore, we discuss enabling technologies of IoT, including cloud computing and different platforms for data analysis. Furthermore, we review challenges of deploying IoT in the energy sector, including privacy and security, with some solutions to these challenges such as blockchain technology. This survey provides energy policy-makers, energy economists, and managers with an overview of the role of IoT in optimization of energy systems.

Infrastructure mortgage in Russia: Opportunities and prospects

2019 ◽  
pp. 114-133
Author(s):  
G. I. Idrisov ◽  
Y. Yu. Ponomarev
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Inflation Expectations ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
Negative Effect

The article shows that depending on the goals pursued by the federal government and the available interbudgetary tools a different design of infrastructure mortgage is preferable. Three variants of such mortgage in Russia are proposed, each of which is better suited for certain types of projects and uses different forms of subsidies. According to our expert assessment the active use of infrastructure mortgage in Russia can increase the average annual GDP growth rate by 0.5 p. p. on the horizon of 5—7 years. In the long run the growth of infrastructure financing through the use of infrastructure mortgage could increase long-term economic growth by 0.9 p. p., which in 20—30 years can add 20—30% of GDP to the economy. However, the change in the structure of budget expenditures in the absence of an increase in the budget deficit and public debt will cause no direct impact on monetary policy. The increase in the deficit and the build-up of public debt will have a negative effect on inflation expectations, which will require monetary tightening for a longer time to stabilize them.

SYSTEM OF INDICATORS FOR MANAGEMENT OF PURCHASING ACTIVITY OF THE FUEL AND ENERGY COMPLEX ENTERPRISE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
I. V. BRATKO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Key Performance Indicators ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Strategic Orientation ◽  
Energy Complex ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Energy Companies ◽  
Fuel And Energy Sector

In modern realities, the number of fuel and energy companies managed on corporate principles is increasing every year. Accordingly, we are talking about the transition of state command management of the fuel and energy sector to private, competition-based and corporate governance. The study proposed a system of "balanced key performance indicators procurement", aimed at optimization of performance to meet the principles of the classic system of Kaplan-Norton and focused on the strategic orientation reflects the characteristics of the processes of production and consumption of services of energy companies. It is concluded that in a balanced system, it is necessary to distinguish between indicators that measure the results achieved and indicators that reflect the processes that contribute to the achievement of these results.

scholarly journals Different Scenarios for the National Transmission Grid, Considering the Extensive Use of On-Site Renewable Energy in the Mexican Housing Sector

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Ivan Oropeza-Perez ◽  
Astrid H Petzold-Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Housing Sector ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Transmission Grid ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Transmission And Distribution

The Mexican national electricity transmission and distribution grid (SEN, initials in Spanish) is characterized by the high interconnection between its several electricity generation plants and the millions of final consumers throughout the country. This feature, which is seen first as an adequate transmission and distribution method for electricity between producer and consumer, has the inconvenience of being highly complex when renewable energy is introduced into the SEN. The random nature of renewable energy means that coordination between the producer and consumer is difficult; therefore, these energy sources are considered by the Mexican Federal Commission of Electricity (CFE, initials in Spanish) without priority in their generation and distribution. In this document, a solution for this is given by the consideration of on-site photovoltaic production in the Mexican residential sector, setting a straightforward relationship between production and consumption, neglecting the long-distance transmission, and freeing the transmission and distribution through the SEN at certain hours of the day. Different scenarios are studied, considering the level of penetration of this renewable energy technology into the housing sector. In this way, it is found that, if 80% of the total Mexican dwellings hold a photovoltaic roof, in some seasons of the year, a large part the total national demand can be fulfilled by the photovoltaic generation if certain systems—such as bidirectional smart meters—are applied. In this sense, the results show that, if 80% of the Mexican dwellings had a photovoltaic roof, there would be a money saving of 3418 Million USD and a mitigation of 25 million tons CO2e, for 2018. With this, it is concluded that renewable energy in Mexico could provide a much greater share if the electricity is produced in the same place where it will be consumed. This might be possible in Mexico due to the high interconnection of the transmission and distribution grid, which would manage the surplus electricity generation in the dwellings in a proper manner.

Infrastructure deficit and opportunities in Africa

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Mafusire ◽  
Zuzana Brixiova ◽  
John Anyanwu ◽  
Qingwei Meng
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Private Sector Investment ◽  
Investment Opportunities ◽  
Financing Infrastructure

Private sector investment opportunities in Africa’s infrastructure are huge. Regulatory reforms across African countries are identified as critical to the realization of the expected investment flows in the infrastructure sector. However, planners and policy makers need to note that there are infrastructure deficiencies in all subsectors with low income countries (LICs) in Africa facing the greatest challenge. Inefficiencies in implementing infrastructure projects account for USD 17 billion annually and improving the capacity of African countries will help minimize these costs. In this regard, the donor community must play a greater role in African LICs while innovative financing mechanisms must be the focus in the relatively richer countries of the continent. Traditional sources of financing infrastructure development remain important but private investment is critical in closing the current gaps. Countries need to devise mechanisms to exploit opportunities and avoid pitfalls in investing in infrastructure.

scholarly journals Overcoming COVID-19 vaccination resistance when alternative policies affect the dynamics of conformism, social norms, and crowding out

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (25) ◽  
pp. e2104912118
Author(s):  
Katrin Schmelz ◽  
Samuel Bowles
Keyword(s):  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Crowding Out ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Vaccination Policy ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Large Panel ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Broad Policy

What is an effective vaccination policy to end the COVID-19 pandemic? We address this question in a model of the dynamics of policy effectiveness drawing upon the results of a large panel survey implemented in Germany during the first and second waves of the pandemic. We observe increased opposition to vaccinations were they to be legally required. In contrast, for voluntary vaccinations, there was higher and undiminished support. We find that public distrust undermines vaccine acceptance, and is associated with a belief that the vaccine is ineffective and, if enforced, compromises individual freedom. We model how the willingness to be vaccinated may vary over time in response to the fraction of the population already vaccinated and whether vaccination has occurred voluntarily or not. A negative effect of enforcement on vaccine acceptance (of the magnitude observed in our panel or even considerably smaller) could result in a large increase in the numbers that would have to be vaccinated unwillingly in order to reach a herd-immunity target. Costly errors may be avoided if policy makers understand that citizens’ preferences are not fixed but will be affected both by the crowding-out effect of enforcement and by conformism. Our findings have broad policy applicability beyond COVID-19 to cases in which voluntary citizen compliance is essential because state capacities are limited and because effectiveness may depend on the ways that the policies themselves alter citizens’ beliefs and preferences.

scholarly journals Stakeholder perceptions in the factors constraining the development and implementation of public private partnerships in the Ugandan electricity sector

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 2-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Akampurira ◽  
David Root ◽  
Winston Shakantu
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Private Sector Participation ◽  
Power Deficit ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Government

Amidst increasingly constrained public budgets and inadequate service delivery, private sector participation through public private partnerships is increasingly being used as a means for delivering physical infrastructure. The government of Uganda, which is currently grappling with a crippling electricity power deficit, has over the years, pursued a number of strategies to encourage private sector participation in the electricity sector, but with limited success. This paper presents the findings of research into the relative importance as perceived by sector stakeholders, of factors that hamstring private sector participation in the development of hydropower generation facilities through public private partnerships in Uganda. The stakeholders considered in this paper are those representing the government and private sector entities in the development of the partnerships. A review of literature and project documents enabled the identification of relevant factors. Data was collected from the respondents by means of a self administered structured questionnaire and quantitative methods used for data analysis. Key findings from the research indicate that the respondents regarded the regulatory and legal frameworks as being attractive for private sector participation and this business environment is further enhanced by their confidence in the government’s commitment to honour its contractual obligations. In contrast, difficulties in structuring and obtaining finance together with issues over the cumbersome approval process and resistance from environmental groups were identified as the most significant constraints to the development and implementation of public private partnerships in the Ugandan electricity sector. Recognizing the importance of an adequate and reliable supply of power in Uganda, as in so many other sub-Saharan countries, it is anticipated that the identification of the relative importance of the constraints as perceived by stakeholders, will inform the process of developing measures and strategies to mitigate the constraints thus facilitating the speedy implementation and deal closure of public private partnership initiatives with the ensuing benefits.

Grade Banding: The Model for Future Salary Programs?

1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard H. Risher ◽  
Brigitte W. Schay
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Managerial Control ◽  
World War ◽  
Banded Structure ◽  
Salary Management ◽  
Private And Public

Grade-banding represents a break from the conventional salary management practices that have prevailed since World War n. Interest in this innovative compensation practice is rising in both the private and public sectors and has been prompted in part by a paradigm shift toward greater flexibility, flatter organizations, and increased managerial control of and accountability for traditional human resource functions. Grade-banding has been tested in the federal government since 1980 and has more recently been adopted in the private sector. This article reviews the experience with banding and discusses the implications of shifting to a banded structure.

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