scholarly journals Orthopedics and 3D technology in Turkey: A preliminary report

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-289
Author(s):  
Cemil Ertürk ◽  
Simel Ayyıldız ◽  
Cevdet Erdöl
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Simulation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Acetabular Bone Defect ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Revision Tha ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Acetabular Defects ◽  
Pilon Fractures

Objectives: In this study, we present the use of case specific three- dimensional (3D) printed plastic models and custom-made acetabular implants in orthopedic surgery. Materials and methods: Between March 2018 and September 2020, surgeries were simulated using plastic models manufactured by 3D printers on the two patients with pilon fractures. Also, custom-made acetabular implants were used on two patients with an acetabular bone defect for the revision of total hip arthroplasty (THA). Results: More comfortable surgeries were experienced in pilon fractures using preoperative plastic models. Similarly, during the follow-up period, the patients that applied custom-made acetabular implants showed a fixed and well-positioning in radiographic examination. These patients did not experience any surgical complications and achieved an excellent recovery. Conclusion: Preoperative surgical simulation with 3D printed models can increase the comfort of fracture surgeries. Also, custom-made 3D printed acetabular implants can perform an important task in patients treated with revision THA surgery due to severe acetabular defects.

Reconstruction of Paprosky type III Acetabular Defects by the Three-dimensional Printed Porous Augment: Techniques and Clinical Outcomes of 18 Consecutive Cases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Fu ◽  
Ming Ni ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Wei Chai ◽  
Libo Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Bone Defect ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acetabular Bone ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Acetabular Bone Defect ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Acetabular Defects

Abstract Background and Purpose: A major challenge posed by primary and revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) is the management of severe acetabular bone defect. Previous surgical techniques have certain limitations in the anatomical reconstruction and accurate match of severe acetabular defects. Until now, reports are scanty on the clinical outcomes of acetabular reconstruction by the three-dimensional (3D) printed porous augments in bone defect patients. This study reported the clinical outcomes of reconstruction of Paprosky type III acetabular defects by 3D printed porous augments.Methods: 18 patients with Paprosky type III acetabular defects receiving reconstructive surgery by 3D printed porous augments were included in current study. Their data, including general information, intra-operative findings, imaging results, functional scores and complications were retrospectively analyzed.Results: The mean follow-up time lasted 33.3 ± 2.0 (24-56) months. The average limb-length discrepancy (LLD) was 31.7 ± 4.2 (3-59) mm preoperatively, 7.7 ± 1.4 (1-21) mm postoperatively (p<0.0001) and 7.5 ± 1.2 (0-18) mm at the latest follow-up. The mean vertical position of hip center of rotation (HCOR) from the inter teardrop line changed from preoperative 50.7 ± 3.9 (23.3-75.3) mm to postoperative 22.9 ± 1.9 (10.1-40.3) mm (p<0.0001), with the latest follow-up revealing an HCOR of 22.3 ± 1.7 (11.0-40.5) mm. Follow-up study showed that no hip had radiolucencies and radiological loosening of the acetabular components and augment. The average HHS improved from 40.3 ± 4.5 (10.5-71) before operation to 88.4 ± 1.9 (75-97) at the last follow-up (p<0.0001). Moreover, follow-up exhibited that no periprosthetic joint infection, hip dislocation, fracture and re-revision occurred. Conclusion: Surgical treatment of Paprosky type III acetabular defect with 3D printed porous augment was simple, achieved good match between porous augment and the defect bone surface and the acetabular component, ideally restored LLD and HCOR after operation, significantly improved HHS score and attained good early clinical outcomes. It is a promising personalized solution for patients with severe acetabular bone defect.

scholarly journals Combining Materials Obtained by 3D-Printing and Electrospinning from Commercial Polylactide Filament to Produce Biocompatible Composites

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3806
Author(s):  
Pablo Romero-Araya ◽  
Victor Pino ◽  
Ariel Nenen ◽  
Verena Cárdenas ◽  
Francisca Pavicic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fibrillar Structure ◽  
3D Print ◽  
3T3 Fibroblasts ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
3D Printed

The design of scaffolds to reach similar three-dimensional structures mimicking the natural and fibrous environment of some cells is a challenge for tissue engineering, and 3D-printing and electrospinning highlights from other techniques in the production of scaffolds. The former is a well-known additive manufacturing technique devoted to the production of custom-made structures with mechanical properties similar to tissues and bones found in the human body, but lacks the resolution to produce small and interconnected structures. The latter is a well-studied technique to produce materials possessing a fibrillar structure, having the advantage of producing materials with tuned composition compared with a 3D-print. Taking the advantage that commercial 3D-printers work with polylactide (PLA) based filaments, a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer, in this work we produce PLA-based composites by blending materials obtained by 3D-printing and electrospinning. Porous PLA fibers have been obtained by the electrospinning of recovered PLA from 3D-printer filaments, tuning the mechanical properties by blending PLA with small amounts of polyethylene glycol and hydroxyapatite. A composite has been obtained by blending two layers of 3D-printed pieces with a central mat of PLA fibers. The composite presented a reduced storage modulus as compared with a single 3D-print piece and possessing similar mechanical properties to bone tissues. Furthermore, the biocompatibility of the composites is assessed by a simulated body fluid assay and by culturing composites with 3T3 fibroblasts. We observed that all these composites induce the growing and attaching of fibroblast over the surface of a 3D-printed layer and in the fibrous layer, showing the potential of commercial 3D-printers and filaments to produce scaffolds to be used in bone tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Recurrent contracted sockets treated with personalized, three-dimensionally printed conformers and buccal grafts

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110000
Author(s):  
Annabel LW Groot ◽  
Jelmer S Remmers ◽  
Roel JHM Kloos ◽  
Peerooz Saeed ◽  
Dyonne T Hartong
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Upper Eyelid ◽  
Ocular Prosthesis ◽  
Buccal Mucosal Graft ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
3D Printed

Purpose: Recurrent contracted sockets are complex situations where previous surgeries have failed, disabling the wear of an ocular prosthesis. A combined method of surgery and long-term fixation using custom-made, three-dimensional (3D) printed conformers is evaluated. Methods: Retrospective case series of nine patients with recurrent excessive socket contraction and inability to wear a prosthesis, caused by chemical burns ( n = 3), fireworks ( n = 3), trauma ( n = 2) and enucleation and radiotherapy at childhood due to optic nerve glioma ( n = 1) with three average previous socket surgeries (range 2–6). Treatment consisted of a buccal mucosal graft and personalized 3D-printed conformer designed to be fixated to the periosteum and tarsal plates for minimal 2 months. Primary outcome was the retention of an ocular prosthesis. Secondary outcome was the need for additional surgeries. Results: Outcomes were measured at final follow-up between 7 and 36 months postoperatively (mean 20 months). Eight cases were able to wear an ocular prosthesis after 2 months. Three cases initially treated for only the upper or only the lower fornix needed subsequent surgery for the opposite fornix for functional reasons. Two cases had later surgery for cosmetic improvement of upper eyelid position. Despite pre-existing lid abnormalities (scar, entropion, lash deficiency), cosmetic outcome was judged highly acceptable in six cases because of symmetric contour and volume, and reasonably acceptable in the remaining two. Conclusions: Buccal mucosal transplant fixated with a personalized 3D-designed conformer enables retention of a well-fitted ocular prosthesis in previously failed socket surgeries. Initial treatment of both upper and lower fornices is recommended to avoid subsequent surgeries for functional reasons.

scholarly journals In Vivo Reconstruction of the Acetabular Bone Defect by the Individualized Three-Dimensional Printed Porous Augment in a Swine Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jun Fu ◽  
Yi Xiang ◽  
Ming Ni ◽  
Xiaojuan Qu ◽  
Yonggang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Bone Defect ◽  
Bone Ingrowth ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acetabular Bone ◽  
Acetabular Bone Defect ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Matching Degree

Background and Purpose. This study established an animal model of the acetabular bone defect in swine and evaluated the bone ingrowth, biomechanics, and matching degree of the individualized three-dimensional (3D) printed porous augment. Methods. As an acetabular bone defect model created in Bama miniswine, an augment individually fabricated by 3D print technique with Ti6Al4V powders was implanted to repair the defect. Nine swine were divided into three groups, including the immediate biomechanics group, 12-week biomechanics group, and 12-week histological group. The inner structural parameters of the 3D printed porous augment were measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), including porosity, pore size, and trabecular diameter. The matching degree between the postoperative augment and the designed augment was assessed by CT scanning and 3D reconstruction. In addition, biomechanical properties, such as stiffness, compressive strength, and the elastic modulus of the 3D printed porous augment, were measured by means of a mechanical testing machine. Moreover, bone ingrowth and implant osseointegration were histomorphometrically assessed. Results. In terms of the inner structural parameters of the 3D printed porous augment, the porosity was 55.48 ± 0.61 % , pore size 319.23 ± 25.05   μ m , and trabecular diameter 240.10 ± 23.50   μ m . Biomechanically, the stiffness was 21464.60 ± 1091.69   N / mm , compressive strength 231.10 ± 11.77   MPa , and elastic modulus 5.35 ± 0.23   GPa , respectively. Furthermore, the matching extent between the postoperative augment and the designed one was up to 91.40 ± 2.83 % . Besides, the maximal shear strength of the 3D printed augment was 929.46 ± 295.99   N immediately after implantation, whereas the strength was 1521.93 ± 98.38   N 12 weeks after surgery ( p = 0.0302 ). The bone mineral apposition rate (μm per day) 12 weeks post operation was 3.77 ± 0.93   μ m / d . The percentage bone volume of new bone was 22.30 ± 4.51 % 12 weeks after surgery. Conclusion. The 3D printed porous Ti6Al4V augment designed in this study was well biocompatible with bone tissue, possessed proper biomechanical features, and was anatomically well matched with the defect bone. Therefore, the 3D printed porous Ti6Al4V augment possesses great potential as an alternative for individualized treatment of severe acetabular bone defects.

3D printed ascending aortic simulators with physiological fidelity for surgical simulation

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjstel-2021-000868
Author(s):  
Ali Alakhtar ◽  
Alexander Emmott ◽  
Cornelius Hart ◽  
Rosaire Mongrain ◽  
Richard L Leask ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Human Tissue ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Surgical Simulation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Stiffness Index ◽  
Aortic Tissue ◽  
Straight Tube ◽  
3D Printed

IntroductionThree-dimensional (3D) printed multimaterial ascending aortic simulators were created to evaluate the ability of polyjet technology to replicate the distensibility of human aortic tissue when perfused at physiological pressures.MethodsSimulators were developed by computer-aided design and 3D printed with a Connex3 Objet500 printer. Two geometries were compared (straight tube and idealised aortic aneurysm) with two different material variants (TangoPlus pure elastic and TangoPlus with VeroWhite embedded fibres). Under physiological pressure, β Stiffness Index was calculated comparing stiffness between our simulators and human ascending aortas. The simulators’ material properties were verified by tensile testing to measure the stiffness and energy loss of the printed geometries and composition.ResultsThe simulators’ geometry had no effect on measured β Stiffness Index (p>0.05); however, β Stiffness Index increased significantly in both geometries with the addition of embedded fibres (p<0.001). The simulators with rigid embedded fibres were significantly stiffer than average patient values (41.8±17.0, p<0.001); however, exhibited values that overlapped with the top quartile range of human tissue data suggesting embedding fibres can help replicate pathological human aortic tissue. Biaxial tensile testing showed that fiber-embedded models had significantly higher stiffness and energy loss as compared with models with only elastic material for both tubular and aneurysmal geometries (stiffness: p<0.001; energy loss: p<0.001). The geometry of the aortic simulator did not statistically affect the tensile tested stiffness or energy loss (stiffness: p=0.221; energy loss: p=0.713).ConclusionWe developed dynamic ultrasound-compatible aortic simulators capable of reproducing distensibility of real aortas under physiological pressures. Using 3D printed composites, we are able to tune the stiffness of our simulators which allows us to better represent the stiffness variation seen in human tissue. These models are a step towards achieving better simulator fidelity and have the potential to be effective tools for surgical training.

Rapid prototyping to design a customized locking plate for pancarpal arthrodesis in a giant breed dog

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (01) ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Nicetto ◽  
M. Petazzoni
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Locking Plate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Implant Position ◽  
Plastic Model ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Osseous Union

SummaryThis report describes the treatment of traumatic carpal hyperextension in a giant breed dog by pancarpal arthrodesis using a custom- made Fixin locking plate, created with the aid of a three-dimensional plastic model of the bones of the antebrachium produced by rapid prototyping technology.A three-year-old 104 kg male Mastiff dog was admitted for treatment of carpal hyperextension injury. After diagnosis of carpal instability, surgery was recommended. Computed tomography images were used to create a life-size three-dimensional plastic model of the forelimb. The model was used as the basis for constructing a customized 12-hole Fixin locking plate. The plate was used to attain successful pancarpal arthrodesis in the animal.Radiographic examination after 74 and 140 days revealed signs of osseous union of the arthrodesis. Further clinical and radiographic follow-up examination three years later did not reveal any changes in implant position or complications.

Preliminary results of a 3D-printed acetabular component in the management of extensive defects

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Citak ◽  
Lilly Kochsiek ◽  
Thorsten Gehrke ◽  
Carl Haasper ◽  
Eduardo M Suero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Acetabular Component ◽  
Complication Rate ◽  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Component Technique ◽  
Revision Tha ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Acetabular Defects ◽  
Acetabular Components

Introduction: The treatment of extensive bone loss and massive acetabular defects can be compounded by several challenges and pitfalls. The survivorship following acetabular revision with extensive bone loss is still unsatisfactory. The goal of the present study was to analyse the outcomes of 3D-printed patient-specific acetabular components in the management of extensive acetabular defects and combined pelvic discontinuity (PD). Methods: 9 patients underwent revision THA using 3D-printed custom acetabular components to reconstruct extensive acetabular defects. The Paprosky classifications were determined in all patients. The primary outcome measure was the implant-associated failure rate. Results: 1 out of 9 patients suffered an implant-associated complication (11%). The overall implant-associated survival rate was 89%. The overall complication rate was 56%. Conclusions: The patient-specific acetabular component technique shows promise for the treatment of patients with severe acetabular defects in revision THA. Further research aimed at reducing costs and improving the complication rate are warranted.

scholarly journals Custom-made 3D-printed prosthesis and free vascularised fibula for humeral reconstruction after osteosarcoma resection in a 13-year-old patient

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. e240726
Author(s):  
Giovanni Beltrami ◽  
Anna Maria Nucci ◽  
Angela Tamburini ◽  
Marco Innocenti
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surgical Reconstruction ◽  
Fibular Graft ◽  
Orthopaedic Oncology ◽  
Neoplastic Tissue ◽  
Limb Function ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Novel Strategy

Surgical reconstruction after humeral resection represents a challenging issue in orthopaedic oncology. Particularly in paediatric patients, the main concerns are maintaining limb function and reconstruction longevity. We describe a novel strategy of humeral reconstruction based on the use of a three-dimensional-printed custom-made prosthesis in a 13-year-old patient diagnosed with osteosarcoma. The implant was specifically designed to sustain the native head, which was spared, as it was not involved by the neoplastic tissue. The mechanical support the prosthesis provided was associated with the biological stimulus of a free vascularised fibular graft to obtain an anatomic, functional and stable construct. This solution has had good longevity, and after 3 years of follow-up, the patient still shows excellent limb function and personal satisfaction.

scholarly journals Dimensional Stability of 3D Printed Objects Made from Plastic Waste Using FDM: Potential Construction Applications

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 516
Author(s):  
Essam Zaneldin ◽  
Waleed Ahmed ◽  
Aya Mansour ◽  
Amged El Hassan
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Feasible Option ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
3D Printed

Construction projects are often challenged by tight budgets and limited time and resources. Contractors are, therefore, looking for ways to become competitive by improving efficiency and using cost-effective materials. Using three-dimensional (3D) printing for shaping materials to produce cost-effective construction elements is becoming a feasible option to make contractors more competitive locally and globally. The process capabilities for 3D printers and related devices have been tightened in recent years with the booming of 3D printing industries and applications. Contractors are attempting to improve production skills to satisfy firm specifications and standards, while attempting to have costs within competitive ranges. The aim of this research is to investigate and test the production process capability (Cp) of 3D printers using fused deposition modeling (FDM) to manufacture 3D printed parts made from plastic waste for use in the construction of buildings with different infill structures and internal designs to reduce cost. This was accomplished by calculating the actual requirement capabilities of the 3D printers under consideration. The production capabilities and requirements of FDM printers are first examined to develop instructions and assumptions to assist in deciphering the characteristics of the 3D printers that will be used. Possible applications in construction are then presented. As an essential outcome of this study, it was noticed that the 3D printed parts made from plastic waste using FDM printers are less expensive than using traditional lightweight non-load bearing concrete hollow masonry blocks, hourdi slab hollow bocks, and concrete face bricks.

scholarly journals Benefits And Limitations Of Three-Dimensional Printing Technology For Ecological Research

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyn E. Behm ◽  
Brenna R. Waite ◽  
S. Tonia Hsieh ◽  
Matthew R. Helmus
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Ecological Research ◽  
Predator Attack ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
3D Printed

AbstractBackgroundEcological research often involves sampling and manipulating non-model organisms that reside in heterogeneous environments. As such, ecologists often adapt techniques and ideas from industry and other scientific fields to design and build equipment, tools, and experimental contraptions custom-made for the ecological systems under study. Three-dimensional (3D) printing provides a way to rapidly produce identical and novel objects that could be used in ecological studies, yet ecologists have been slow to adopt this new technology. Here, we provide ecologists with an introduction to 3D printing.ResultsFirst, we give an overview of the ecological research areas in which 3D printing is predicted to be the most impactful and review current studies that have already used 3D printed objects. We then outline a methodological workflow for integrating 3D printing into an ecological research program and give a detailed example of a successful implementation of our 3D printing workflow for 3D printed models of the brown anole, Anolis sagrei, for a field predation study. After testing two print media in the field, we show that the models printed from the less expensive and more sustainable material (blend of 70% plastic and 30% recycled wood fiber) were just as durable and had equal predator attack rates as the more expensive material (100% virgin plastic).ConclusionsOverall, 3D printing can provide time and cost savings to ecologists, and with recent advances in less toxic, biodegradable, and recyclable print materials, ecologists can choose to minimize social and environmental impacts associated with 3D printing. The main hurdles for implementing 3D printing – availability of resources like printers, scanners, and software, as well as reaching proficiency in using 3D image software – may be easier to overcome at institutions with digital imaging centers run by knowledgeable staff. As with any new technology, the benefits of 3D printing are specific to a particular project, and ecologists must consider the investments of developing usable 3D materials for research versus other methods of generating those materials.

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