Chemical characterization of glass beads from the necropolis of DrenDelyan (6th–4th century BC), Southwest Bulgaria

The glass beads from the Dren-Delyan necropolis are found in burial complexes dated as from the end of the 6th century BC until the first half of the 4th century BC. The purpose of this study is to obtain data on the chemical composition of the glass and the technology of its production. LA-ICP-MS and SEM-EDS analyses were conducted. The analysed glass beads are classified as a low-magnesium type (LMG), and only one of the samples is determined as high-magnesium glass (HMG). The yellow colour of the glass is due to crystals of lead antimonate incorporated into the glass matrix. The green colour of the beads is a result of interaction of added copper and lead in the glass mixture, in presence of iron and chromium. Dark blue samples are coloured by additives with cobalt, copper and lower iron content. Light blue colouration of opaque glass beads is due to high copper content, along with the presence of iron. The colouring agent of a transparent light blue bead is FeO in amount up to 0.25 wt%. The brown colour is associated with high iron content. Two different opacifiers were used for the production of opaque glass beads – antimony and tin, either individually or together. The decolourising agent is antimony without the involvement of manganese. Based on the results of the studied glass beads, we assume at least four types of raw material mixtures for their production. Comparison of the obtained results and published data about similar ancient glass findings was made.

Download Full-text

Basic Properties of Iron and Steel Making Dust

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.937.187 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 937 ◽

pp. 187-190

Author(s):

Xue Bing Li ◽

Wei Wang ◽

Dong Hai Zhang ◽

Li Xiong

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Particle Size Distribution ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Iron Content ◽

Paper Analysis ◽

Raw Material ◽

High Iron Content ◽

Iron And Steel ◽

Steel Making

A large amount of dust can be produced in iron and steel making process. This paper analysis the chemical composition, particle size distribution and microscopic characteristics of those iron and steel making dust. Some dust with high iron content, some dust with much CaO and some dust with carbon, those indicate that the iron and steel making dust can be used as iron making raw material. But the size of the iron and steel making dust is very small, which will make it harder to deal with those dust.

Download Full-text

Complete Processing of the High-Iron Content Red Mud

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.946.569 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 946 ◽

pp. 569-574 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Irina V. Loginova ◽

Aleksei V. Kyrchikov

Keyword(s):

Cast Iron ◽

Red Mud ◽

Iron Content ◽

Weak Acid ◽

Raw Material ◽

High Iron Content ◽

Titanium Slag ◽

High Iron ◽

Iron Concentrate ◽

Complete Processing

When bauxites from the Middle Timan and Severouralsk deposits are processed into alumina by the low-temperature sintered process the high-iron content red mud can be obtained. The red mud contain up to 58 % of iron and are a potential raw material for ferrous metallurgy. Rare earth elements (REEs) such as Sc, Y and La are converted from bauxites to red mud in the form of hydroxides during processing and are easily leached by weak acid solutions. In this work, the red mud is treated with a solution of sulfuric acid (pH = 2.5–5), the REEs pass into solution, and then the solution is neutralized to obtain a precipitate, i.e. a concentrate of rare elements. The recovery of REEs is about 75–90 % (Sc, Y, La). The high-iron content red mud is converted to the naturally-doped cast iron and titanium slag (up to 50 wt.% TiO2). As a result of processing bauxite, alumina (Al2O3), the naturally-doped cast iron, concentrate of REEs (Sc, Y, La, etc.) and titanium slag (TiO2) are obtained. The flowsheet of the proposed complete processing of the high-iron content red mud is given.

Download Full-text

Study on Sintered Wall Materials Made Use of Iron Tailings and Waste Rock

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.7036 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 243-249 ◽

pp. 7036-7040

Author(s):

Shou Wei Jian ◽

Long Yuan ◽

Yang Lv ◽

Hong Bo Tan ◽

Xiang Guo Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Content ◽

Iron Ore ◽

Sintering Temperature ◽

Apparent Porosity ◽

Waste Rock ◽

Raw Material ◽

Wall Material ◽

High Iron Content ◽

Iron Ore Tailings ◽

Wall Materials

Iron ore tailings and waste rock are solid waste during mining in the steel industry. This paper presents the study on sintered wall materials made use of iron tailings and waste rock. The process parameters through chemical analysis and thermal analysis to determine the feasibility of using iron ore tailings and rock on sintered wall material. Plasticity index, firing shrinkage, water absorption, apparent porosity and bulk density are tested, and the proportion of these two materials are also determined. The results show that iron tailings and waste rock can be used to sinter MU15 wall materials, with the sintering temperature ranges 850-950°C, but shrinkage of the specimen (diameter and height shrinkage) of 2.5%-5.0%, and the apparent porosity 42% or more. This technology not only use both waste as raw material, furthermore, because of the higher iron content in iron ore tailings and waste rock, the products reduce the sintering temperature, decreased energy consumption. The technology uses waste as raw material, furthermore, due to the high iron content in the ore tailings and waste rock, the sintering temperature is decreased, which saves energy.

Download Full-text

ON THE PROCESSING OF HEMATITE RAW MATERIALS AT THE KRYVOROZHSK MINING AND PROCESSING PLANT OF OXIDIZED ORE ON TECHNOLOGY OF DIRECT RECOVERY ITmk3

Metallurgicheskaya i gornorudnaya promyshlennost ◽

10.33101/s005-59768574 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 32-37

Author(s):

P.I. Loboda ◽

Younes Razaz ◽

S. Grishchenko

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Properties ◽

Cast Iron ◽

Iron Content ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Direct Reduction ◽

Processing Plant ◽

High Iron Content ◽

High Iron ◽

Direct Restoration ◽

First Time

Purpose. To substantiate the efficiency of processing hematite raw materials at the Krivoy Rog Mining and Processing Plant of Oxidized Ores using the direct reduction technology itmk3®. Metodology. Analysis of the results of the itmk3® direct restoration technology developed by Kobe Steel Ltd., Japan and Hares Engineering GmbX, Austria, with a view to using it to process Krivbass hematite ores into granulated iron (so-called “nuggets”). Findings. The involvement in the production of hematite ores (oxidized quartzite) of Krivbass with high iron content, but with low magnetic properties for their processing into granular cast iron is grounded. Originality. The use of itmk3® direct reduction technology from Kobe Steel Ltd., Japan and Hares Engineering GmbH, Austria for the processing of Krivbass hematite ores into granular cast iron is justified for the first time. Practical value. The efficiency of the use of hematite ores (oxidized quartzite) has been substantiated, which can significantly reduce the costs in the mining cycle for the economical production of metallurgical products.

Download Full-text

Effects of copper and zirconium contents on microstructure and magnetic properties of Sm(Co,Fe,Cu,Zr) magnets with high iron content

Journal of Rare Earths ◽

10.1016/j.jre.2020.03.002 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zhifeng Shang ◽

Dongtao Zhang ◽

Zhihong Xie ◽

Yunqiao Wang ◽

Muhammad Haseeb ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Properties ◽

Iron Content ◽

High Iron Content ◽

High Iron ◽

Microstructure And Magnetic Properties

Download Full-text

Unpacking the Bead: Exploring a Glass Bead Assemblage from Mission Santa Cruz, California, Using LA–ICP–MS

American Antiquity ◽

10.1017/aaq.2020.110 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 86 (2) ◽

pp. 413-424

Author(s):

Danielle L. Dadiego ◽

Alyssa Gelinas ◽

Tsim D. Schneider

Keyword(s):

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Southeastern United States ◽

Glass Beads ◽

Great Lakes Region ◽

Santa Cruz ◽

Chemical Research ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Icp Ms ◽

Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽

California Mission

This report focuses on the morphometric and elemental analysis of glass beads collected from an adobe structure (CA-SCR-217H-T) at Mission Santa Cruz, which operated between 1791 and the 1830s in the colonial province of Alta (upper) California. Previous chemical research established a chronological framework for opacified beads collected from sites in Canada, the Great Lakes region, and the southeastern United States. Testing the viability of this chronological framework for California, we analyzed 100 white glass beads using a conventional typology and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS)—the first application of LA-ICP-MS to a California mission. We present the results of the LA-ICP-MS study and then briefly comment on the potential for LA-ICP-MS to refine chronologies associated with colonial missions and other postcontact sites.

Download Full-text

Obsidian in the Early Neolithic of the Upper Vistula basin: origin, processing, distribution and use – a case study from Tominy (southern Poland)

Praehistorische Zeitschrift ◽

10.1515/pz-2021-0014 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Marcin Szeliga ◽

Zsolt Kasztovszky ◽

Grzegorz Osipowicz ◽

Veronika Szilágyi

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis ◽

Raw Material ◽

Published Data ◽

Prompt Gamma ◽

Early Neolithic ◽

Musical Note ◽

Southern Poland ◽

The Carpathians ◽

Vistula River

Abstract The inflow of the Carpathian obsidian into the areas on the northern side of the Carpathians and the Sudetes is confirmed as early as in the Palaeolithic. However, its greatest intensity occurred in the Early Neolithic, i. e. in the late 6th and in the first half of 5th millennia BC. During that period, the phenomenon was closely related with the development of the Danubian cultural groups in the upper Vistula river basin, including especially Linear Pottery culture (LBK) and Malice Culture. The constant presence of this raw material products in mentioned areas is documented from the classical (musical-note) phase of LBK, constituting one of the most expressive pieces of evidence of permanent and intense intercultural contacts with communities of the northern Carpathian Basin. This phenomenon has been repeatedly emphasized in the literature. One of the most numerous LBK obsidian inventories in the upper Vistula river basin was obtained at site 6 in Tominy, located in southern Poland, in the non-loess zone of the Sandomierz Upland northern foreground. The above-mentioned collection, its non-destructive elemental analysis, using Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis (PGAA) and also traceological analysis, is the subject of this article. The results supplement the published data to a significant extent, simultaneously providing partial verification and updating of the current state of knowledge on the basic issues related to the Early Neolithic obsidian inflow into areas located North of the Carpathians, including primarily the origin of the raw material, the scale of its processing and distribution ways, as well as the range of its use by the LBK communities.

Download Full-text