COOPERATION OF INSTITUTIONS IN THE DEMOCRATIC STATE. EUROPEAN UNION MODEL

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-53
Author(s):  
Ludmila Rosca ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
Union Model ◽  
Heads Of State

In this study, the author explains the priority position on the agenda of scientists from various segments of social sciences. In the contemporary western political theory from the end of the 1990s, the theoretical and practical resizing of political institutions becomes a priority both within the states and in the regulation of international relations. The analysis of various approaches of political and social institutions allowed the author to conclude that governance, including coalition governance, can be effective in terms of co-working, cooperation, collaboration and active participation of citizens in the decision-making process. Also, the cultural and moral component of the decision factor is important, regardless of the practiced level: local, national, regional, global. The author places the theses promoted by Moldovan scholars at the basis of the activity of the heads of state institutions and of the civil servants.

13. Ethnography and Participant Observation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Halperin ◽  
Oliver Heath
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Informal Networks ◽  
Political Ethnography ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
The Social ◽  
Terrorist Groups

This chapter discusses the principles of ethnography and participant observation: what they are, how (if) they became standardized as a research method, what form of evidence they constitute, and what place they occupy in the study of Politics. Participant observation has emerged as a popular research tool across the social sciences. In particular, political ethnographies are now widely carried out in a wide variety of contexts, from the study of political institutions and organizations to the investigation of social movements and informal networks, such as terrorist groups and drugs cartels. Political ethnography is also becoming a research method of choice in the field of International Relations. The chapter examines the strengths of ethnographic fieldwork, focusing on issues relating to sampling, access, key informants, and collecting observational data. It also addresses the weaknesses of ethnography, especially issues of subjectivity, reliability, and generalizability.

The limits of power: Knowledge, ethics, and foreign policy in Hans J. Morgenthau’s international theory

2020 ◽  
pp. 004711782093562
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Zambernardi
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Political Action ◽  
International Theory ◽  
The Social ◽  
Limits Of Knowledge ◽  
Political Thinker

Hans J. Morgenthau’s contribution to international relations and political theory appears to have been fully recognized to date. However, his ideas have undergone surprisingly little comprehensive investigation: an attitude that made it possible to grasp only a few aspects of his reflections. The main argument of this article is that the main area of inquiry in Morgenthau’s scholarship – international politics and foreign policy – is based on general considerations regarding the role of reason in politics and the limits of knowledge of the social universe. Not only does the question of the possibility of such knowledge lie at the root of his considerations on political action, but it also forms the mainspring of his reflection on ethics. Through an inquiry into the red thread that tightly links his diverse body of thought on social sciences, ethics, and foreign policy, the article aims to show that Morgenthau was a systematic political thinker who set out from theoretical observations on the limits of knowledge to develop particular insights into ethics and, from there, a particular notion of how foreign policy should be conducted. In other words, Morgenthau established links of essential continuity between knowledge, ethics, and action.

Bringing the State into Constitutional Theory: Public Authority and the Constitution

1991 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 659-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Authority ◽  
Constitutional Theory ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Democratic State

This article brings the state into constitutional theory by presenting a theory of the development of the American state from the late 19th century to the present. The focus of the theory is the ability of the national state to exercise sovereignty or public authority over civil society. The main thesis is that the Constitution did not establish a government with a level of public authority adequate to the requirements of a modem democratic state. The result was a mismatch between the demands of civil society and the competence of state institutions, causing a reorganization of the political institutions of civil society in the early 20th century and a crisis of public authority in the 1960s. The United States continues to experience the consequences of an imbalance between the state institutions established by an 18th-century constitution and 20th-century democratic politics.

John Dewey 1859–1952

1985 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 69-89
Author(s):  
H. S. Thayer
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
John Dewey ◽  
William James ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Radical Empiricism ◽  
The Social ◽  
Long Lifetime ◽  
Heads Of State

It is generally agreed that the most influential philosophers in America are Charles S. Peirce, William James and John Dewey. James's fame came rather suddenly in the latter half of his life—roughly, from 1880 to 1910; it flourished with the appearance of his Principles of Psychology (1890) and shortly thereafter with his advocacy of pragmatism and radical empiricism. James was acclaimed in England and Europe as well as in America. Peirce, on the other hand, was almost entirely neglected; his work remained unknown to all but a few philosophers and his chief acknowledgment was as a scientist and logician. His importance began to be recognized and his immense researches and writings studied some twenty-five years after his death. It was otherwise with Dewey. During his long lifetime his ideas not only engaged the reflections and critical discussions of philosophers, he also had a profound and contagious influence on education, the social sciences, aesthetics, and political theory and practice. In this respect his thought has reached a wider audience in America than that of either Peirce or James. In his day lawyers, labour leaders, scientists and several heads of state attested to the vitality of his wisdom.

John Dewey 1859–1952

1985 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 69-89
Author(s):  
H. S. Thayer
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
John Dewey ◽  
William James ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Radical Empiricism ◽  
The Social ◽  
Long Lifetime ◽  
Heads Of State

It is generally agreed that the most influential philosophers in America are Charles S. Peirce, William James and John Dewey. James's fame came rather suddenly in the latter half of his life—roughly, from 1880 to 1910; it flourished with the appearance of his Principles of Psychology (1890) and shortly thereafter with his advocacy of pragmatism and radical empiricism. James was acclaimed in England and Europe as well as in America. Peirce, on the other hand, was almost entirely neglected; his work remained unknown to all but a few philosophers and his chief acknowledgment was as a scientist and logician. His importance began to be recognized and his immense researches and writings studied some twenty-five years after his death. It was otherwise with Dewey. During his long lifetime his ideas not only engaged the reflections and critical discussions of philosophers, he also had a profound and contagious influence on education, the social sciences, aesthetics, and political theory and practice. In this respect his thought has reached a wider audience in America than that of either Peirce or James. In his day lawyers, labour leaders, scientists and several heads of state attested to the vitality of his wisdom.

23. Conclusion: Towards a Globalizing, Post- Western-Dominated World

2020 ◽  
pp. 534-550
Author(s):  
Stephanie Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Political Philosophy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
The West ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Global Power ◽  
The World

This chapter summarizes the text’s various arguments. It first considers the relationships between the study of political philosophy, political institutions, and international relations and suggests that the study of politics cannot be divorced from the study of other social sciences such as economics, sociology, psychology, philosophy, law, and history. It also contends that the study of politics should be seen as a genuinely international and comparative enterprise and explains how trends in globalization have further eroded the distinctions between domestic and international politics and between the domestic politics of individual nation-states. Finally, it discusses the rise of the so-called ‘new medievalism’, a scenario in which the world is moving towards greater anarchy; signs that global power is shifting from the West to the East; and developments showing that domestic politics and international relations are mutating.

Social Justice in Europe: An Evaluation of European Regional Policy

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittorio Bufacchi ◽  
Shari Garmise
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Human Psychology ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
Normative Criteria ◽  
European Regional Policy ◽  
European Regional

WHEN RAWLS FORMULATED HIS VIEWS ON SOCIAL JUSTICE IN the 1950s and 1960s, leading to the publication of A Theory of Justice in 1971, he based his theory on a simple but unconditional assumption, namely, that justice is the first virtue of social institutions. This assumption Rawls considers to be beyond doubt, so much so that in the very first page of his treatise he claims that ‘laws and institutions no matter how efficient and well-arranged must be reformed or abolished if they are unjust’.Largely as a result of Rawls's A Theory of Justice, over the last 25 years questions of social justice have dominated most debates on political theory. And while vast quantities of ink were expended over philosophical discussions on significant but detailed aspects of Rawls's theory, principally on the plausibility of his meta h sical assumptions on individuals and human psychology, it is unfortunate that not enough attention has been paid to Rawls's initial recommendation of adopting normative criteria as a tool for evaluating political institutions.

Conclusion: Towards a Globalizing, Post-Western-Dominated World

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Ferdinand
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Political Philosophy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
The West ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Global Power ◽  
The World

This chapter summarizes the text's various arguments. It first considers the relationships between the study of political philosophy, political institutions, and international relations and suggests that the study of politics cannot be divorced from the study of other social sciences such as economics, sociology, psychology, philosophy, law, and history. It also contends that the study of politics should be seen as a genuinely international and comparative enterprise and explains how trends in globalization have further eroded the distinctions between domestic and international politics and between the domestic politics of individual nation-states. Finally, it discusses the rise of the so-called ‘new medievalism’, a scenario in which the world is moving towards greater anarchy; signs that global power is shifting from the West to the East; and developments showing that domestic politics and international relations are mutating.

scholarly journals Interdisciplinary Approaches to Emotions in Politics and International Relations

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Prior ◽  
Yuri Van Hoef
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Private Sphere ◽  
Education History ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
The Social ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study

The ‘emotional turn’ within the social sciences and humanities attracts increasing scholarly attention. Political Science, traditionally emphasising the ‘rational’ public sphere rather than the ‘emotional’ private sphere, has increasingly questioned this dichotomisation, identifying broader political concepts and practices. The international political process—frequently characterised by widespread distrust, populist campaigns and extreme rhetoric—necessitates addressing and examining its underlying emotions. Informal, affective manifestations of politics are enormously influential, profoundly shaping inter- and intra-national democracy; they accordingly require interdisciplinary study. This thematic issue of <em>Politics and Governance</em> includes disciplines as diverse as education, history, international relations, political theory, psychology, and sociology. In doing so, we illustrate that emotions are cross-disciplinary concerns, relevant beyond the study of politics.

Thomas Schelling, Robert Aumann and Interactive Decision Theory (2005 Nobel Prize in Economics)

2006 ◽  
pp. 4-21
Author(s):  
A. Belyanin
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Rational Behavior ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
The Game Theory ◽  
Applied Industrial Organization ◽  
Nobel Prize Laureates ◽  
Thomas Schelling ◽  
Human Rationality

The paper describes the contributions of T. Schelling and R. J. Aumann, the Nobel Prize laureates of 2005 in economics, to modern economics and social sciences. Their key contributions were in the field of the game theory - a major tool to study human interactions and rational behavior in a wide variety of contexts, from applied industrial organization to labor economics, public policy, international relations and political science. Works by Aumann and Schelling were pathbreaking in this respect, and have paved the way to many modern developments that enhance our understanding of human rationality.

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