union model
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Author(s):  
M. Orth ◽  
T. Fritz ◽  
J. Stutz ◽  
C. Scheuer ◽  
B. Ganse ◽  
...  

Deficient angiogenesis and disturbed osteogenesis are key factors for the development of nonunions. Mineral-coated microparticles (MCM) represent a sophisticated carrier system for the delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2. In this study, we investigated whether a combination of VEGF- and BMP-2-loaded MCM (MCM + VB) with a ratio of 1:2 improves bone repair in non-unions. For this purpose, we applied MCM + VB or unloaded MCM in a murine non-union model and studied the process of bone healing by means of radiological, biomechanical, histomorphometric, immunohistochemical and Western blot techniques after 14 and 70 days. MCM-free non-unions served as controls. Bone defects treated with MCM + VB exhibited osseous bridging, an improved biomechanical stiffness, an increased bone volume within the callus including ongoing mineralization, increased vascularization, and a histologically larger total periosteal callus area consisting predominantly of osseous tissue when compared to defects of the other groups. Western blot analyses on day 14 revealed a higher expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and vice versa reduced expression of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) in bone defects treated with MCM + VB. On day 70, these defects exhibited an increased expression of erythropoietin (EPO), EPO-receptor and BMP-4. These findings indicate that the use of MCM for spatiotemporal controlled delivery of VEGF and BMP-2 shows great potential to improve bone healing in atrophic non-unions by promoting angiogenesis and osteogenesis as well as reducing early osteoclast activity.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-89
Author(s):  
Helen Schwenken ◽  
Claire Hobden

Domestic workers face challenges for organizing, e.g. decentralization of the workforce, nature of the employment relationship. This article analyses, based on a multiple country-comparison, how domestic workers organize despite constrictions. We identify three forms of organizing: the trade union model and the association model (Shireen Ally). We propose, though, an additional third model, the ‘hybrid type’: domestic workers organize ‘amongst themselves’ in associations and at the same time these associations are linked to or integrated into trade unions, which provides representation, services and contact with other workers. Related to this finding, we see a trend of an ‘emerging trade unionism’. Which means that we tend to find more trade union-related forms of organizing than a decade ago. One explanatory factor is the “governance struggle” of winning the International Labour Organization’s Convention “Decent Work for Domestic Workers” in 2011, which led to an increased collaboration and trust-building between organized domestic workers and trade unions.


2021 ◽  
pp. 102558
Author(s):  
Khan Sharun ◽  
Abhijit M. Pawde ◽  
Amitha Banu S ◽  
K.M. Manjusha ◽  
E. Kalaiselvan ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-53
Author(s):  
Ludmila Rosca ◽  

In this study, the author explains the priority position on the agenda of scientists from various segments of social sciences. In the contemporary western political theory from the end of the 1990s, the theoretical and practical resizing of political institutions becomes a priority both within the states and in the regulation of international relations. The analysis of various approaches of political and social institutions allowed the author to conclude that governance, including coalition governance, can be effective in terms of co-working, cooperation, collaboration and active participation of citizens in the decision-making process. Also, the cultural and moral component of the decision factor is important, regardless of the practiced level: local, national, regional, global. The author places the theses promoted by Moldovan scholars at the basis of the activity of the heads of state institutions and of the civil servants.


Pro Ecclesia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 106385122110134
Author(s):  
Rolfe King

In the context of recent debate about whether “Reformed Catholics” and Protestants, more generally, should accept Augustine’s totus Christus Christological ecclesiology, I illustrate the notion of an asymmetric aligning union. This is a metaphysically real union, but not a substantial union. I suggest that Reformed catholic theology would be better served by deploying the notion of an asymmetric aligning union. It preserves the Reformation solas and is compatible with the notion of the mystical body of Christ, without the disadvantages of the totus Christus notion, if that is taken to involve a substantial union. This form of union should be of wider ecumenical interest.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Qiang Wu ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Jun-Lin Zhou

Abstract Background Many non-union animal models have been developed to explore the problems surrounding fracture healing. However, the existing models are not perfect and cannot satisfy all non-union studies. This study aimed to make a non-union model of the tibia in rats by cauterization of the posterior of 2 mm on both sides of the fracture end after open osteotomy of the tibia and fixing the fractured tibia with a Kirschner wire 0.8 mm in diameter. Methods For this study, 96 female adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used. The rats underwent surgery to produce a tibial open fracture and were fixed with a 0.8-mm diameter Kirschner wire. In 48 of the rats, the periosteum proximal and distal to the fracture end was cauterized. Results At 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after surgery, radiological and histological analysis showed typical physiological healing in the control group, and the healing rate was 100% at 6 weeks. But the non-union group was characterized by resorption of the fracture ends with few callus formations and no bridging callus formation, and the healing rate was 0% at 8 weeks. Conclusions This method represents a reproducible model to create atrophic non-unions. This model provides a new option for studying the basic healing mechanisms and evaluating new therapies for bone regeneration and treatment of non-unions.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Surkova ◽  
S. S. Skorynin ◽  
V. V. Kondratiev ◽  
V. F. Zharinov

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 2420-2439
Author(s):  
Tiago Seixas Themudo ◽  
Ana Virgínia Porto de Freitas

Abstract This study discusses the paradigmatic shift in the world of work triggered by globalization and the use of telematics and assesses the (in)adequacy of the Brazilian union model to represent the new class of precarious workers. We carried out an exploratory study using a systemic and deductive approach to review bibliographic sources and legislative texts. A perspective of redefinition of the union movement is proposed and we emphasize the importance of collective autonomy as an institute of Private Law for the reconstruction of pacts of collective organization against hegemonies.


Focaal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (88) ◽  
pp. 22-39
Author(s):  
Siri Lange

In the Nordic countries, unions are represented in company boards and can influence companies’ policies toward labor abroad. This article focuses on the Norwegian national oil company Equinor and its support of unionization of its employees in Tanzania. This was inspired by the Nordic tradition of social dialogue between corporations and strong, independent unions. Corporation managers and union representatives tend to refer to this social dialogue as “the Norwegian model,” but this is a narrow conceptualization of the model that disregards the role of the state. I argue that while it is beneficial for the Tanzanian workers to be organized, it is probably also “good for business” to have unionized workers who have adopted the Nordic collaborative model, rather than a more radical union model.


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