scholarly journals Public Interest in New Medical Discoveries Analyses of US and European Citizens` Interest in and Knowledge of Medical Discoveries and New Science and Technology Issues

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-85
Author(s):  
Minah Kang Kim
Keyword(s):  
Medical Technology ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
New Science ◽  
Medical Technologies ◽  
Conceptual Structures ◽  
The Us

The rapidly rising cost of health care has been an important policy concern in the United States, and the continuing explosion of medical research and increased utilization of medical technology are believed to be important factors driving up the costs. Several studies have implied that the US's continuous expansion of medical technology development and utilization might derive from Americans' strong commitment to medical innovation and a willingness to pay for expensive medical technologies. Using the data on the US and European citizens' attitudes toward other sciences and technologies and new medical discoveries, this study explores why Americans have such strong devotion to medical technologies. Specifically, this study examines whether the high level of interest that Americans have in new medical discoveries comes from their interest in new inventions or in new scientific discoveries and new science and technology issues show that the conceptual structures and determinants of the American public's interest in medical issues are different from those in science and technology issues. This pattern does not occur among European citizens. The US Government's decisions on public expenditures for medical science compared to those for science and technology issues seem to reflect the public's attitudes toward thses issues.

Regulating Medical Devices in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia J. Zettler ◽  
Erika Lietzan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Medical Device ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
The United States ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Medical Technologies ◽  
The Us ◽  
Medical Device Regulation

This chapter assesses the regulation of medical devices in the United States. The goal of the US regulatory framework governing medical devices is the same as the goal of the framework governing medicines. US law aims to ensure that medical devices are safe and effective for their intended uses; that they become available for patients promptly; and that manufacturers provide truthful, non-misleading, and complete information about the products. US medical device law is different from US medicines law in many ways, however, perhaps most notably because most marketed devices do not require pre-market approval. The chapter explores how the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) seeks to accomplish its mission with respect to medical devicecough its implementation of its medical device authorities. It starts by explaining what constitutes a medical device and how the FDA classifies medical devices by risk level. The chapter then discusses how medical devices reach the market, the FDA's risk management tools, and the rules and incentives for innovation and competition. It concludes by exploring case studies of innovative medical technologies that challenge the traditional US regulatory scheme to consider the future of medical device regulation.

Abstract 123: A Comparison of In-Hospital Acute Myocardial Infarction Management Between Portugal and the United States: 2000 - 2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana F Lobo ◽  
Vanessa Azzone ◽  
Luis Azevedo ◽  
Armando Teixeira-Pinto ◽  
Jose Pereira Miguel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Billing Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Technologies ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
The Us ◽  
International Comparative

Objectives: Because inter- and intra-country variations in the adoption of medical technologies exist, international comparative studies provide an opportunity to infer technology effectiveness. Few studies have characterized recent trends in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) management between countries. Methods: Repeated cross-sectional observational cohorts of hospitalized adults aged ≥20 years discharged between January 2000 and December 2010. We identified new AMI hospitalizations using a US national 20% inpatient sample and a 100% inpatient sample in all Portuguese public sector hospitals. Age, sex, comorbidities, and median length of stay (interquartile range [IQR]) were determined. Annual age-sex adjusted hospitalization rates (HR) for AMI, in-hospital procedures, and in-hospital mortality were directly standardized to the 2010 US population. Intra-country (2010 relative to 2000) and inter-country in 2010 (Portugal [PT] relative to US) rate ratios [RR] were estimated. Findings: We identified 1476808 AMI US hospitalizations and 126314 Portugal hospitalizations between 2000 and 2010. Portuguese patients were more male, younger, and had fewer comorbidities compared to US patients (Table). The age-sex adjusted AMI HR decreased from 21 per 1000 person-years to 15 in the US (RR=0.70; 95% CI = [0.70, 0.71]) but increased in PT (14 to 15 per 1000, RR = 1.17 [1.14, 1.21]). While crude procedure rates were uniformly lower in PT, only CABG rates differed after standardization (2010: RR=0.19 [0.14, 0.26]). PCI use increased annually in both countries and decreased for CABG in the US only (102 to 79, RR=0.77 [0.73, 0.81]). Standardized in-hospital mortality decreased within-country (US: 44 to 29 per 1000, RR= 0.65 [0.60, 0.72]; PT: 93 to 62 per 1000, RR= 0.67 [0.44, 1.00]). In 2010, PT mortality was twice that in the US. Conclusions: AMI hospitalization rates and use of medical technologies are higher in the US compared to Portugal. However, standardized rates reveal only CABG surgery rates differ significantly between the two countries. Outcomes, measured by hospital mortality and LOS, are generally better in the U.S. Inter-country disparities may be a consequence of differential use of technologies, differences in AMI epidemiology, patient risk, or quality of hospital billing data.

scholarly journals Breast Cancer and the Politics of Abortion in the United States

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Jasen
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Reproductive Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Specific Factor ◽  
The Us

Epidemiology, like any branch of medical science, functions within a social and historical context. That context influences what questions are asked, how they are investigated, and how their conclusions are interpreted, both by researchers and by the public. The international debate over whether abortion increases breast cancer risk, which has been the subject of many studies and much heated controversy in recent decades, became so intensely politicized in the United States that it serves as a particularly stark illustration of how elusive the quest for scientific certainty can be. Although a growing interest in reproductive factors and breast cancer risk developed after the Second World War, it was not until the early 1980s, after induced abortion had been legalized in many countries, that studies began to focus on this specific factor. In the US these were the years following Roe v Wade, when anti-abortionists mounted their counterattack and pro-choice forces were on the defensive. As a result, epidemiologists found themselves at the centre of a debate which had come to symbolize a deepening divide in American culture. This paper traces the history of the scientific investigation of the alleged abortion-breast cancer link, against the backdrop of what was increasingly termed an “epidemic” of breast cancer in the US. That history, in turn, is closely intertwined with the anti-abortion movement's efforts, following the violence of the early 1990s, to regain respectability through changing its tactics and rhetoric, which included the adoption of the “ABC link” as part of its new “women-centred” strategy.

The Significance of Shale Gas Development in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 616-618 ◽  
pp. 767-769
Author(s):  
Jian Guo Wang ◽  
Hai Jie Zhang ◽  
Cui Cui Liu ◽  
Li Xia Lou
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Shale Gas ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Petroleum Engineering ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Engineering Technology ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
The Us ◽  
Further Development

China is facing a severe situation of energy resources. High oil dependency is seriously threatening our economy’s fast and stable development. The US has successfully achieved the commercial development of shale gas, which has decreased its oil dependency, and also contributed to its natural gas geology and petroleum engineering technology development. Both Chinese and U.S. geological experts predict that China has similar quantities of shale gas reserves as founded in the United States. This paper aims to clarify that producing shale gas resources has economic significance of energy security and environment protection, and scientific significance of promoting the further development of natural gas geology and petroleum engineering subjects.

PP403 New Medical Technology Adoption In Asia Pacific: Focused On South Korea And Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (S1) ◽  
pp. 35-35
Author(s):  
Hyojung Hwang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Technology Adoption ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Medical Technology ◽  
Market Access ◽  
The United States ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Patient Access ◽  
Medical Technologies ◽  
Medicare Coverage

IntroductionThis study is the first to analyze and compare the distinctive market access process of new medical technologies focused on technical fee creation in South Korea and Japan. The purpose of this study is to derive implications for each country through analysis and comparison of the market access process and propose improvements of new medical technology adoption program by referring the United States’ incentive program for innovative technology.MethodsIdentification and review the published articles and health polices, and reports related to the medical procedure (medical technologies) coding and payment rule in South Korea, Japan and the United States.ResultsIn Korea, for the rapid introduction of new medical technologies, a One-Stop Service program (aka parallel review process) is operated that simultaneously conducts regulatory approval and new health technology assessment (nHTA) process. In Japan, the Sakigake designation program aims to give patients better access to innovative pharmaceuticals, medical technologies, and regenerative medicines by streamlining the approval and pricing process but it doesn't provide immediate coverage after approval. Medicare Coverage for Innovative Technology (MCIT) is one of the incentive programs for innovative technology which aims to improve patient access to new medical technologies through rapid market access process in the United States. Medical technologies designated a Breakthrough Device receive immediate Medicare Coverage for 4 years by MCIT.ConclusionsIt is recommended for Korea and Japan to actively implement the accelerated patient access process and grant affordable premium prices for the innovative medical technologies. MCIT can be considered as a breakthrough for innovative medical technology adaption.

scholarly journals The Impact of Medical Technology on the Pregnant Woman’s Right to Privacy

1987 ◽  
Vol 13 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 213-232
Author(s):  
George J. Annas
Keyword(s):  
Medical Technology ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Constitution ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
Right To Privacy ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

In the context of the bicentennial of the Constitution and science's relationship to society, it has been argued that “the advance of science and technology in the West has changed not only the relation of man to nature but of man to man.“ This seemingly immodest statement may soon prove an understatement. In the arena of human reproduction, the marriage of science and technology in medicine may change not only the relationship of man to nature and man to man, but more significantly, the very concept of what it means to be human. This, in turn, will directly affect how we define the “rights” this “new human” may properly claim.This article begins to explore developing reproductive medical technology with a view toward examining the way it might change our concept of humanness, and how this change might be accommodated, encouraged, or truncated by the relationship between the government and its pregnant citizens as defined by the United States Constitution and the “right to privacy.”

scholarly journals New Frontiers of Knowledge: Science and Technology in the Late 1950s American Cold War Propaganda

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Rockwell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Voice Of America ◽  
United States Information Agency ◽  
The Us ◽  
War Propaganda ◽  
The Voice

My essay assesses how science and technology were depicted in American Cold War propaganda and suggests these themes were vital to the US propaganda strategy of the late 1950s. Focusing on the United States Information Agency and its radio organ the Voice of America, I examine the significant role played by the VOA, tracing a shift towards the exploitation of science and technology themes in the late 1950s, and briefly analyzes the content of the 1957 science-themed VOA series “New Frontiers of Knowledge.” Finally, some concluding remarks explore how science was used to advance the broad foreign policy strategy of the United States.

Medical Technology in The United States: The Last Decade

1988 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise B. Russell ◽  
Jane E. Sisk
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cost Containment ◽  
Medical Technology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Medical Technologies ◽  
Third Party Reimbursement ◽  
Recent Policy ◽  
Organizational Innovations

AbstractThis paper reviews the evolution of U.S. policy toward medical technology in areas such as cost containment, regulation of devices and drugs, and third party reimbursement. In addition the authors chronicle the diffusion of major medical technologies, procedures, and organizational innovations in the United States. Finally, the article provides tentative observations on the effect of recent policy changes and concludes with some recommendations for the future.

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