scholarly journals The Impact of China`s Acid Rain and Sulfur Dioxide Control Zones Policy on Industrial Sulfur Dioxide Emissions: A Panel Analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-100
Author(s):  
Wu Yu Jia
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Acid Rain ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Panel Analysis ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Control Zone ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide Emissions ◽  
The Impact

In order to control sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions, the Chinese government in 1998 implemented the Acid Rain and Sulfur Dioxide Emission Control Zones policy (known as the Two Control Zone or TCZ policy). In a panel analysis of the impact of the TCZ policy on China`s industrial SO2 emissions, two-way fixed-effects models show that it did not significantly reduce either per capita SO2 emissions or SO2 intensity in China. The study also reveals that instead of the traditional inverted U-shaped Environmental Kuznets Curve, the relationship between income growth and sulfur pollution in China favors an N-shaped pattern. The empirical results indicate that the TCZ policy has not had a consistent, longterm impact on sulfur pollution control. This is in accord with previous studies and the actual situation in the two control zones. This paper presents two policy recommendations for improving the mitigation of SO2 pollution in China.

scholarly journals Relationship between economic growth and SO2 emissions - based on the PSTR model

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Wu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide Emissions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In this paper, we used the panel smooth transition model (PSTR) to study the nonlinear relationship between sulfur dioxide emissions and economic growth in the three regions of China’s eastern, middle and western regions, based on panel data from 31 provinces and autonomous regions in China from 2005 to 2017. And calculated the elasticity of the impact of total export-import volume and urbanization rate on emissions. The empirical results indicate that economic development and sulfur dioxide emissions are positively correlated in the three regions of East, Middle and West. In the eastern region, when the economic scale is lower than the threshold value, it has a negative impact on SO2 emissions; but when it is higher than the threshold value, it has a positive impact on SO2 emissions, and the smoothing rate between the two regime is slow. The per capita GDP in the middle and western regions is weakly positively correlated with SO2 emissions. When the economic scale reaches the threshold value, its positive impact on SO2 emissions will increase, and economic development will further increase emissions.

scholarly journals Does Green Credit Policy Move the Industrial Firms Toward a Greener Future? Evidence From a Quasi-Natural Experiment in China

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zumian Xiao ◽  
Lu Yu ◽  
Yinwei Liu ◽  
Xiaoning Bu ◽  
Zhichao Yin
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Credit Policy ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide Emissions ◽  
The Impact

How to utilize financial instrument to deal with environmental issues has been a focal topic. Taking the introduction of green credit program as a “quasi-natural experiment,” the propensity score matching and difference-in-difference approach (PSM-DID) are used to investigate the impact of the green credit policy implemented by Chinese government on firm-level industrial pollutant emissions. The estimation results indicate that the green credit policy significantly reduces corporate sulfur dioxide emissions. Heterogeneity analysis shows this impact is more pronounced for large-scale enterprises and enterprises located in the eastern region. The estimated mediation models reveal that after the implementation of the green credit policy, reduction in sulfur dioxide emissions can be attribute to the increased environmental investment and improved energy consumption intensity. Moreover, the green credit policy is also significantly effective in mitigating the discharge of other common industrial pollutants. Our findings highlight the importance of green credit policies in achieving greener industrial production and more sustainable economic development.

Are there industrial SO2 convergences in China’s prefecture-level cities? New evidence from a spatial econometric perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-460
Author(s):  
Yongqing Nan ◽  
Qin Li ◽  
Haiya Cai ◽  
Zhou Qin
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Spatial Econometric ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Spatial Econometric Models ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
New Evidence

As the world’s largest emitter of sulfur dioxide, China is facing mounting domestic and international pressures to tackle the increasingly serious atmospheric pollution. Convergence is an important inherent characteristic of sulfur dioxide discharge. This study examines the convergence of per capita sulfur dioxide emissions across 280 Chinese prefecture-level cities from 2003 to 2016. Due to the spatial autocorrelation of air pollutants, conventional estimation methods for β convergence ignore the spatial effects and produce biased results. Consequently, spatial econometric models with different weight matrices are employed to control for spatial effects. The empirical results indicate that per capita sulfur dioxide emissions exhibit both absolute β convergence and conditional β convergence, and spatial effect and other socioeconomic factors accelerate the convergence speed. In addition, this study verifies the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis between sulfur dioxide and gross domestic product. The results highlight the importance of regional cooperation and coordination when formulating environmental and industrial policies.

scholarly journals An Interim Evaluation of Sulfur Dioxide Emissions Trading

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Schmalensee ◽  
Paul L Joskow ◽  
A. Denny Ellerman ◽  
Juan Pablo Montero ◽  
Elizabeth M Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Acid Rain ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Tradeable Permits ◽  
Abatement Costs ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Acid Rain Program ◽  
The U.S

This paper summarizes recent empirical research on compliance costs and strategies and on permit market performance under the U.S. acid rain program, the first large-scale, long-term program to use tradeable emissions permits to control pollution. An efficient market for emissions permits developed in a few years, and this program more than achieved its early goals on time, and it cost less than had been projected. Because of expectation errors, however, investment was excessive, and permit prices substantially understate abatement costs. The tradeable permits approach has worked well, but it is not a miracle cure for environmental problems. Coauthors are Paul L. Joskow, A. Denny Ellerman, Juan Pablo Montero, and Elizabeth M. Bailey.

scholarly journals Time-use and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: a panel analysis of 55,204 adults followed across 11 weeks of lockdown in the UK

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feifei Bu ◽  
Andrew Steptoe ◽  
Hei Wan Mak ◽  
Daisy Fancourt
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Social Study ◽  
Panel Analysis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

There is currently major concern about the impact of the global COVID 19 outbreak on mental health. But it remains unclear how individual behaviors could exacerbate or protect against adverse changes in mental health. This study aimed to examine the associations between specific activities (or time use) and mental health and wellbeing amongst people during the COVID 19 pandemic. Data were from the UCL COVID 19 Social Study; a panel study collecting data weekly during the COVID 19 pandemic. The analytical sample consisted of 55,204 adults living in the UK who were followed up for the strict 11 week lockdown period from 21st March to 31st May 2020. Data were analyzed using fixed effects and Arellano Bond models. We found that changes in time spent on a range of activities were associated with changes in mental health and wellbeing. After controlling for bidirectionality, behaviors involving outdoor activities including gardening and exercising predicted subsequent improvements in mental health and wellbeing, while increased time spent on following news about COVID 19 predicted declines in mental health and wellbeing. These results are relevant to the formulation of guidance for people obliged to spend extended periods in isolation during health emergencies, and may help the public to maintain wellbeing during future pandemics.

scholarly journals Are Confucius Institutes Building Blocks or Stumbling Blocks for Foreign Students in China: An Empirical Study of 190 Countries (1999–2015)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-253
Author(s):  
Dongyang Chen ◽  
Wei Ha
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Students ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Cultural Distance ◽  
Substitution Effect ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Confucius Institutes ◽  
Source Countries ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: This study investigates the impact of Confucius Institutes on China’s international education initiatives. First, it examines whether the establishment of Confucius Institutes has a gravitational effect on the scale of foreign students coming to China. Second, it discerns whether there are any association between the establishment of Confucius Institutes and the attributes of foreign students based on the type of program they select. Third, it identifies whether there are any differences in the impact of Confucius Institutes based on constraints such as the number of foreign students, income levels, cultural distance, and geographical endowment. Design/Approach/Methods: Based on the trade gravity model and the push–pull theory, we estimated a two-way fixed-effects model using panel data of all source countries from 1999 to 2015. Findings: Results show that Confucius Institutes have helped China attract more foreign students on Chinese government scholarships, with each Institute increasing such enrolment by 1.3%. However, Confucius Institutes have resulted in a drop in the total number of foreign students studying in China, especially nondegree students. This substitution effect means that the Institutes actually help China improve the composition of its foreign students. Further heterogeneity analysis shows that the substitution effect is primarily driven by the main source countries. Accordingly, this study suggests that China should establish more Confucius Institutes in Africa and Eastern Europe to maximize the catalyzing effect of Confucius Institutes. Originality/Value: In contrast to previous studies on foreign scholarship in China, this study examines all 190 source countries from 1999 to 2015. This comprehensive study also explores the heterogeneous effects of foreign students on trade across economic, cultural, and geographical domains.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Digital Economy on CO2 Emissions: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7267
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Li ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
Peijie Ni
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Solow Growth Model ◽  
The Impact

Since the Industrial Revolution, human activities have led to the emission of a lot of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, sharply increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and resulting in serious global warming. With the rapid development of computer technology, the digital economy is gradually becoming the engine of economic growth. As a new economic mode, how the digital economy affects the environment is worth studying. In this paper, we introduced the digital economy into the Solow growth model as technological progress and conducted fixed-effects regressions based on the global panel data of 190 countries from 2005 to 2016. We found an inverted U-shaped, non-linear relationship between CO2 emissions and the digital economy, which supports the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. We suggest that governments need to not only adopt hedging policies to reduce CO2 emissions caused by the digital economy in the early stage but also promote the development of the digital economy to achieve the goal of global collaborative environmental protection.

scholarly journals Can Compulsory Ecological Compensation for Land Damaged by Mining Activities Mitigate CO2 Emissions in China?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyao Wang ◽  
Nazmiye Balta-Ozkan ◽  
Julide Yildirim ◽  
Fu Chen ◽  
Yinghong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Coal Production ◽  
Ecological Compensation ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
The Impact

Chinese government has proposed a national contribution plan that involves achieving the peak CO2 emissions by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. To explore the pathway of achieving carbon neutrality, we tried to use resources taxes and land reclamation deposits as compulsory ecological compensation (CEC). In order to test if CEC can affect CO2 emissions, energy intensity was selected as the intermediate variable. We found that the CO2 emissions trend in China is consistent with environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis and proved that CEC displayed a spillover effect on energy intensity. Likely, energy intensity presented a spillover effect on CO2 emissions. Therefore, CEC will spatially affect CO2 emissions. The generalized spatial two-stage least-squares estimate model was used to identify the impact mechanism of coal production on energy intensity with CEC as the instrumental variable. The results indicated that reducing coal production in neighboring regions may cause the mitigation of local CO2 emissions. Finally, regression analyses carried out by region suggested regional cooperation should be carried out in the process of carbon mitigation.

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