Double Burden of Malnutrition at the Individual Level

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Double Burden ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Double Burden Of Malnutrition ◽  
The Individual

scholarly journals The prevalence and correlates of the double burden of malnutrition among women in Ghana

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0244362
Author(s):  
Sandra Boatemaa Kushitor ◽  
Lily Owusu ◽  
Mawuli Kobla Kushitor
Keyword(s):  
Normal Weight ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Double Burden Of Malnutrition ◽  
The Individual

Anaemia and underweight or overweight/obesity are major public health problems driving maternal and child mortality in low- and middle-income countries. While the burden of these conditions is recognised, the evidence for the co-occurrence of these conditions is fragmented and mixed, especially at the individual level. Further, many studies have focused on families and communities. The different pathways for the occurrence of anaemia and BMI challenges indicate that an individual can potentially live with both conditions and suffer the complications. This study examined the prevalence and factors associated with the co-occurrence of anaemia and BMI challenges among a cohort of women in Ghana. Data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey were used. The sample size was 4 337 women aged 15–49 years who were not pregnant during the survey. Women who suffered simultaneously from underweight or overweight/obesity and anaemia were considered as having the double burden of malnutrition. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and logistic regression in STATA. One-fifth of the participants were overweight (21%), 4% were underweight and about one-tenth were obese (12%). The prevalence of anaemia was 41%. Only one in three women had normal weight and was not anaemic (34%). About 14% of the women experienced the double burden of malnutrition. Being overweight and anaemic (57%) was the most common form of this double burden. Age, marital status, parity, and wealth were t key risk factors associated with the double burden of malnutrition. The findings from this study show that women experience multiple nutritional challenges concurrently and that only a few women had healthy nutritional status. This information is particularly important and can be introduced into health education programmes to help address misconceptions about body weight and health.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Changes, and Factors of the Double Burden of Malnutrition at the Individual Level: A Multilateral Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 915-915
Author(s):  
Yuko Teshima ◽  
Akira Shibanuma ◽  
Masamine Jimba
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Relative Index ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Index Of Inequality ◽  
Double Burden Of Malnutrition ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Objectives The double burden of malnutrition (DBM) is a major public health problem in the world. Overweight and obesity with concurrent stunting (called stuntingoverweight) is one of the specific forms of DBM at the individual level, and it has been documented in several low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, the changes in country-level prevalence of stuntingoverweight has not been known. The impact of socioeconomic inequalities on the prevalence of stuntingoverweight also have not been done across LMICs. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the changes of stuntingoverweight prevalence among children under five-years, and to assess socioeconomic inequality in the prevalence in LMICs. Methods Secondary data analysis was conducted in 58 LMICs between 2006 and 2018, comprising 692,704 children under five years old by using the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). For stuntingoverweight, the following values were estimated: rate ratio, mean difference, the slope index of inequality (SII), and the relative index of inequality (RII). Results The range of the prevalence of stuntingoverweight was lower than the ranges in the country-level prevalence of stunting and overweight. The relative index of inequality (RII) by wealth status ranged from 0.16 (Peru) to 2.31 (Nepal). RII by maternal education ranged from 0.06 (Kyrgyz Republic) to 15.11 (Tajikistan). Stuntingoverweight was found more in the poorest households. Among 31 LMICs, 27 countries reduced the prevalence of stuntingoverweight except four countries. However, to what extent the prevalence of stuntingoverweight reduced varied between countries. Conclusions The prevalence of stuntingoverweight had been reduced in most countries, and socioeconomic inequalities existed in the prevalence and its change. Governments require health policies in addition to preventing stunting to ensure that children who are already stunted have a healthy life without becoming overweight concurrently. Funding Sources N/A.

scholarly journals Various forms of double burden of malnutrition problems exist in rural Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Fongar ◽  
Theda Gödecke ◽  
Matin Qaim
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiency ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Child Undernutrition ◽  
Rural Kenya ◽  
Double Burden Of Malnutrition ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background The coexistence of overweight/obesity and undernutrition is often referred to as the double burden of malnutrition (DB). DB was shown to exist in many developing countries, especially in urban areas. Much less is known about DB in rural areas of developing countries. Also, the exact definition of DB varies between studies, making comparison difficult. The objective of this study is to analyse DB problems in rural Kenya, using and comparing different DB definitions and measurement approaches. Methods Food intake and anthropometric data were collected from 874 male and female adults and 184 children (< 5 years) through a cross-section survey in rural areas of Western Kenya. DB at the individual level is defined as a person suffering simultaneously from overweight/obesity and micronutrient deficiency or stunting. DB at the household level is defined as an overweight/obese adult and an undernourished child living in the same household, using underweight, stunting, wasting, and micronutrient deficiency as indicators of child undernutrition. Results DB at the individual level is found in 19% of the adults, but only in 1% of the children. DB at the household level is relatively low (1–3%) when using wasting or underweight as indicators of child undernutrition, but much higher (13–17%) when using stunting or micronutrient deficiency as indicators. Conclusion Various forms of DB problems exist in rural Kenya at household and individual levels. Prevalence rates depend on how exactly DB is defined and measured. The rise of overweight and obesity, even in rural areas, and their coexistence with different forms of undernutrition are challenges for food and nutrition policies.

scholarly journals The Double Burden of Malnutrition at the Individual Level Among Adults: A Nationwide Survey in the Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aileen R. de Juras ◽  
Wan-Chen Hsu ◽  
Susan C. Hu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factor ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Double Burden Of Malnutrition ◽  
The Individual

Introduction: Double burden of malnutrition (DBM) is a fast-evolving public health challenge. The rising prevalence of obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases alongside persistent nutritional deficiencies are compelling problems in many developing countries. However, there is limited evidence on the coexistence of these conditions in the same individual among community-dwelling adults. This cross-sectional study describes the various forms of DBM and examines the determinants of DBM at the individual level among adults in the Philippines.Materials and Methods: A nationwide dataset from the 2013 Philippine National Nutrition Survey was used. The final study sample consisted of 17,157 adults (8,596 men and 8,561 non-pregnant and non-lactating women). This study focused on three DBM types within adults: (#1) Underweight and at least one cardiometabolic risk factor (Uw + ≥1 CMRF), (#2) Anemia and at least one cardiometabolic risk factor (An + ≥1 CMRF), (#3) Vitamin A deficiency or iodine insufficiency and at least one cardiometabolic risk factor (Other MND + ≥1 CMRF). The total double burden of malnutrition was also evaluated as the sum of the aforementioned three types. Logistic regression models were used to assess associations between socio-demographic and lifestyle factors and DBM.Results: The prevalence of the three types of DBM were: type #1, 8.1%; type #2, 5.6%; type #3, 20.6%, and the total DBM prevalence was 29.4%. Sex, age, educational attainment, employment status, wealth quintile, and alcohol drinking were the risk factors for DBM. In contrast, marital status, smoking, and physical activity were associated with the different DBM types.Conclusion: The study findings contribute to the current state of knowledge on the broad spectrum of individual-level DBM. Understanding the disparities of this phenomenon could guide integrated actions directed to the concomitance of malnutrition in various forms and cardiometabolic disease risks.

scholarly journals Using Body Composition Assessment to Evaluate the Double Burden of Malnutrition

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan C.K. Wells
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Child Undernutrition ◽  
Double Burden Of Malnutrition ◽  
The Individual

Background: Populations in low- and middle-income countries are increasingly experiencing a double burden of malnutrition (DBM), incorporating both persistent levels of child undernutrition and rising prevalence of overweight/obesity at later ages. A growing number of individuals experience both components of the DBM through the life-course, thereby accumulating high susceptibility to noncommunicable disease (NCD). Summary: Measurements of body composition may prove valuable for assessing NCD risk at the level of the individual. The capacity-load model provides a simple conceptual framework for integrating data on different components of body composition to predict NCD risk. Poor growth in early life, indexed by becoming wasted or stunted, constrains the development of lean mass components such as muscle and organ mass, each of which contribute to the metabolic capacity for homeostasis. Catch-up weight gain in early life, or the development of excess weight from childhood onwards, is associated with elevated adiposity, especially abdominal adiposity, which challenges cardio-metabolic homeostasis and elevates NCD risk. Key Messages: A variety of techniques are now available for the measurement of body composition, helping research the association of the DBM with NCD risk. Reference charts allow raw data to be converted to age- and sex-specific z-scores, aiding interpretation.

scholarly journals The Double Burden of Malnutrition: A Systematic Review of Operational Definitions (P22-006-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennie Davis ◽  
Brietta Oaks ◽  
Reina Engle-Stone
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Micronutrient Status ◽  
Double Burden Of Malnutrition ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Objectives The double burden of malnutrition (DBM) has received increased attention in research and policy arenas, with wide variation in how DBM is defined. We aimed to systematically identify current operational definitions for DBM (e.g., the coexistence of overnutrition and undernutrition) used in research and evaluate their frequency of use and implications for nutrition surveillance and programs. Methods We conducted a structured search for peer-reviewed articles published up to July 2017, using terms describing overnutrition (e.g., overweight, obesity) and undernutrition (e.g., stunting, anemia) in PubMed and Scopus. Additional references were added through snowball searches and online searches for gray literature. We included studies that reported DBM prevalence, including those with primary or secondary data analyses (see Figure 1). Screening of abstracts and full texts for inclusion was conducted in duplicate, with discrepancies resolved by discussion and consensus. Information extracted included the level of DBM assessment (population, household, or individual), measures of overnutrition and undernutrition (BMI, waist circumference, micronutrient status, etc.), and stated definitions of DBM. Results We identified 1920 titles and abstracts for screening through the structured search, and added an additional 66 papers and reports. Of these, 500 full-texts were reviewed and 239 were eligible for data extraction. Frequently-occurring DBM definitions included the coexistence of: 1) overweight/obesity and underweight within a population (e.g., entire country or region); 2) adult overweight/obesity and child stunting within a population or household; and 3) overweight/obesity and anemia or iron deficiency within an individual. DBM was most frequently measured at the population level, followed by the individual and household levels. Conclusions The most common operational definitions of DBM relied on population-level analyses of anthropometric indicators, with many studies leveraging existing data, such as national health surveys. Further research exploring DBM definitions in relation to key health outcomes and country priorities may help select indicators that best inform public health program and policy development. Funding Sources This work was supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch Project. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Population and Individual-Level Double Burden of Malnutrition Among Adolescents in Two Emerging Cities in Northern and Southern Nigeria: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oghenebrume Wariri ◽  
Kingsley Irelosen Akhimienho ◽  
Jacob Albin Korem Alhassan ◽  
Iliya Jalo ◽  
Iso Precious Oloyede ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Southern Nigeria ◽  
Double Burden Of Malnutrition

scholarly journals The double burden of malnutrition in under-five children at national and individual levels: observed and expected prevalence in ninety-three low- and middle-income countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Beatriz Raffi Lerm ◽  
Inácio Crochemore-Silva ◽  
Janaína Calu Costa ◽  
Cesar Gomes Victora
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Double Burden Of Malnutrition ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Objective: To assess whether the observed prevalence of the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) would be higher than expected on the basis of chance, through analyses at national, wealth quintile and individual child levels. Design: We selected nationally representative surveys from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) carried out since 2005 with anthropometric measures on children under 5 years of age. Household wealth was assessed through asset indices. The expected prevalence of DBM was estimated by multiplying the prevalence of stunting (low height/length for age) and overweight (high weight for height/length). The WHO recommended cut-offs (20% for stunting and 10% for overweight) that were used to define DBM at national level. DBM at individual level was defined as co-occurrence of stunting and overweight in the same child. Setting: Nationally representative surveys from ninety-three LMIC. Participants: A total of 825 633 children were studied. Results: DBM at national level was observed in five countries, whereas it would be expected to occur in eleven countries. Six countries did not present evidence of DBM at national level but did so in at least one wealth quintile. At individual level, thirty countries (32·3%) showed higher prevalence of DBM than would be expected, but most differences were small except for Syria, Azerbaijan, Albania and Egypt. Conclusions: The observed number of countries or socio-economic subgroups within countries with the DBM using recommended thresholds was below what would be expected by chance. However, individual-level analyses showed that one-third of countries presented higher prevalence of DBM than would be expected.

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