scholarly journals Trends in antibiotic susceptibility of enteric fever isolates among children attending a tertiary care hospital of Peshawar, KP

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Samreen Ahmad ◽  
Shahzada Bakhtyar Zahid ◽  
Abid Salahuddin ◽  
Adnan Khan ◽  
Muhammad Hassam Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Salmonella Spp

Introduction: The rising trend of multi-drug resistance in bacteria has also been documented in the organism Salmonella enterica causing Typhoid or Enteric Fevers, and cases of multidrug and extended drug resistance are on the rise. Determining the trends of antibiotic susceptibility provides an important therapeutic aid to the practicing clinician.Objective: To evaluate the ten-year trends in antibiotic susceptibilities of Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi isolated from blood cultures in the paediatric patients of a tertiary care hospital of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.Materials & Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in the department of Paediatrics, Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar from June 2019 to May 2020 based on ten years retrospective data of children with positive blood culture for Salmonella spp. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). The level of significance was set at p ≤0.05. Results: A total of 168 cases Salmonella enterica spp. were isolated over the 10-year study period, of which 97(64.88%) isolates were identified as Salmonella typhi and 71(42.26%) as Salmonella paratyphi A; 94(55.95%) patients were male and 74(44.04%) were female, with mean age of 4.76 ± 2.65 years (range 2 to 12 years); majority, 69(41.07%) of patients were of ages 5-8 years. S. typhi strains showed the highest sensitivity to Imipenem and Meropenem; the lowest sensitivity seen was to Ampicillin. Bacterial sensitivity to Ceftriaxone was 79.76% and to Ciprofloxacin 58.97%. In the S. typhi group, there were six (2.6%) cases of MDR typhoid and four (2.38%) cases of XDR typhoid which was only sensitive to Imipenem. Conclusion: Increased resistance to Ampicillin, Ciprofloxacin and Ceftriaxone was found, however complete sensitivity was found to Imipenem along with Meropenem.

PROPORTION OF ESBL AND CARBAPENEMASE PRODUCING ENTEROBACTERIACEAE CAUSING BLOODSTREAM INFECTIONS AND SHOWING MULTI DRUG RESISTANCE IN INFECTED PATIENTS IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL AT AGARTALA, TRIPURA

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-30
Author(s):  
Lija Ghosh ◽  
Arun B ◽  
Puja Ghosh ◽  
Tapan Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
North East

BACKGROUND: Enrerobacteriaceae species are the major leading cause of bloodstream infections in many developing countries. Moreover, ESBL and Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae species are often associated with high resistance to a wide class of antibiotics. There are few studies regarding the bloodstream infections causing by Enterobacteriaceae with the production of Extended-spectrum β-lactamases and Carbapenemase enzymes in Tripura, North-East India. This study aimed to determine the “ proportion of ESBL and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae causing bloodstream infection and showing Multi-drug resistance (MDR) in infected patients'' in Tertiary care Hospital at Agartala, Tripura. METHOD: Blood samples were collected from all indoor and outdoor patients suspected of Bloodstream infection. Then specimens were inoculated in various culture media after that with this culture isolates we performed gram staining and many biochemical tests (as per CLSI guidelines) to identies the Enterobacteriaceae species. And the production of β-lactamases and Carbapenemase was conrmed by the combined disk test and Modied Hodge method. RESULTS: In this study out of 760 samples processed in the laboratory 77 (10.13%) was tested positive for bacteremia from which 42 (54.54%) blood specimens were infected by Enterobacteriaceae. The members of the Enterobacteriaceae family isolated in patient samples are E.coli (22/42, 52.38%), K. pneumoniae (11/42, 52.38%) others are Enterobacter spp. (8/42, 52.38%) and S.typhi(1/42, 2.38%). In all 42 Enterobacteriaceae species, 17 (40.47%) isolates were found ESBL positive on antibiotic screening which is conrmed by Combined disc diffusion test, and out of 17 Beta-lactamase producers 8 (47.05%) were E. coli, 5 (29.41%) were K. pneumoniae and 4 (23.52%) were Enterobacter spp. And among 42 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae 16 (38.09%) isolates showed Carbapenemase producers, in that 8 (50%) were E.coli, 5 (31.25%) were K. pneumoniae, and 3 (18.75%) were Enterobacter spp. CONCLUSION: This study aims to provide an early, rapid, and effective phenotypic method for identifying Multi-drug resistant (MDR) Bloodstream infections (BSIs) causing by the species of the Enterobacteriaceae family

scholarly journals Evaluation of Drug Resistance and Treatment Outcomes among TB Patients with Diabetes Mellitus at Tertiary Care Hospital of Sindh, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Kahaf Khan ◽  
Ayaz Ali Unar ◽  
Khalida Unar ◽  
Faraz Qurban Rajper ◽  
Mirza Tasawar Baig
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

The objective of the study is to evaluate of drug resistance and treatment outcomes among tuberculosis patients with diabetes mellitus at tertiary care hospital of Sindh, Pakistan.  Tuberculosis (TB) is considered as very dangerous infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis orother tubercle bacilli pathogen affects the lungs and it can be spread from person to person through very minute droplet released by infected person via coughing or sneezing. Descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at different Tuberculosis setting located at tertiary care hospital of Sindh, Pakistan for the period of 10 months. Tuberculosis OPD is considered as major health care facility for the TB, MDR-TB and XDR-TB patients for the local population and peripheries. Total 389 samples were collected through purposive sampling techniques. From the given data, there were 209 Males and 180 females, all participants belong to different areas, so 216 patients belong to rural areas, 121 study participants were house wives, 134 were employed and 41 were have their own business. From the clinical data, 229 participants shown positive response with TB smear test, whereas; 156 participants had positive results with TB culture test. 247 patients had previous history of Tuberculosis, 120 had developed drug resistance and 24 had developed multi-drug resistance (MDR). 312 patients were recently diagnosed with Diabetes mellitus and they had one year of duration of diabetes. Complication of tuberculosis developed among 113 patients and complication of diabetes developed among 194 participants. 39 people were using oral therapy for the management of diabetes and 341 participants had successfully completed their therapy and cured whereas 2 patients were died due to complication It was concluded from the current research that there were many chances for developing drug resistance and multi-drug resistance among the patients suffering from co-morbid including tuberculosis along with Diabetes mellitus. Proper counseling should be conducted, in order to reduce the complication of either type of disease.

INCIDENCE OF DRUG RESISTANCE AMONG BACTERIAL ISOLATES OBTAINED IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-69
Author(s):  
A.P. More ◽  
J.D. Andhale
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative

Introduction: Infections caused by Gram negative bacteria is major health threat to patients in intensive care units and to patients with some comorbidity. Constant surveillance of drug-resistance among the different bacterial pathogens is important in prevention and management of infections caused by these pathogens. Such type of study also help clinicians to prescribe correct drug regimen to the patients suffering from these infections which may be primary, secondary or nosocomial, reducing the morbidity, mortality and hospitalization period. The present study is undertaken to study the drug susceptibility pattern and its incidence among the different bacterial pathogens isolated from different clinical samples obtained at Tertiary Care Hospital. Materials and Methods: The samples received from different clinical units were subjected to bacteriological investigations using standard microbiological procedures. The isolated pure cultures of bacterial pathogens were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing as per the CLSI guidelines of 2016. The data of antibiotic susceptibility of each isolated pathogens were tabulated and prevalence of each drug resistance and multidrug resistance were determined to study the trends of drug resistance among these pathogens. Results: The incidence of infections caused by Gram negative bacteria was found to be 74.67% among all the isolates and that of Gram positive bacterial infections was found to be 25.33% respectively. Esch.coli (37.32%) was the most frequently isolated Gram negative bacterium followed by Ps. aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp., Acinetobacter spp. and Proteus spp.in the descending order among all the isolates of Gram positive and Gram negative isolates. Conclusion: The incidence of infections caused by Gram negative bacteria was higher than those caused by Gram positive bacteria. Esch.coli was the most common pathogen among the Gram negative bacterial isolates whereas Staph.aureus was the most common pathogen among all the Gram positive bacterial isolates. All the bacterial isolates showed 100% multi-drug resistance and the incidence of drug resistance to second generation penicillin and cephalosporins were found to be remarkably higher among all the bacterial isolates.

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