Short-Fiber-Reinforced Elastomer Composites

1977 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 945-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Type ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Short Fiber ◽  
Bonding Agents ◽  
Fiber Dispersion ◽  
Adhesion Promoters ◽  
Fiber Aspect Ratio ◽  
Matrix Adhesion ◽  
Glass Carbon ◽  
Fiber Matrix

Abstract The reinforcement of elastomers with short fibers results in composites with a wide variety of properties. The performance and properties are a function of fiber type, fiber content, fiber aspect ratio, fiber orientation, fiber dispersion, fiber-matrix adhesion, processing methods, and properties of the elastomer matrix. A composite with almost any desired property can be obtained by manipulation of these parameters. Of the five fibers studied in this work, glass and carbon are the poorest for increasing mechanical properties. The cellulose, aramid, and nylon fibers all reinforce elastomers to give composites of approximately the same magnitude in properties. Alignment of reinforcing fibers by milling creates a significant anisotropy in the composite properties. The degree of fiber alignment is best for glass, carbon, and cellulose fibers. The uniformity of fiber dispersion is again best for glass, carbon, and cellulose fibers. Aramid and nylon fibers tend to clump together and do not disperse easily. Fiber-to-matrix adhesion is a problem. No evidence of consistently good fiber-matrix adhesion is observed except for the precoated cellulose fibers. The interaction between fiber and elastomer can only improve with a coating or sizing that is compatible with both the fiber and its matrix. Adhesion-promoting bonding agents also improve fiber-matrix adhesion. However, each fiber and/or elastomer may be influenced differently by a bonding agent. Adhesion promoters specific to the type of composite being prepared must be sought in order to obtain optimum properties.

scholarly journals Using Factorial Design Methodology to Assess PLA-g-Ma and Henequen Microfibrillated Cellulose Content on the Mechanical Properties of Poly(lactic acid) Composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dzul-Cervantes ◽  
P. J. Herrera-Franco ◽  
T. Tábi ◽  
A. Valadez-Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Microfibrillated Cellulose ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Matrix Adhesion ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Fiber Matrix

In this work, a 22 factorial design was used to study the effect of microfibrillated henequen cellulose fibers (HENCEL) and PLA-g-MA coupling agent contents on the tensile, flexural, and impact mechanical properties and the heat deflection temperature (HDT) of biodegradable PLA composites. The results show that the principal effects of HENCEL and MA are statistically significant for the tensile, flexural, HDT, and impact strength properties of PLA composites. Regarding the interactions between the principle effects, MA-HENCEL, there are differences with respect to the mechanical property; for example, for tensile and flexural mechanical properties, there is a synergistic effect between MA and HENCEL, whereas for HDT and impact strength there is not any. The micromechanical analysis shows an excellent agreement between the measured and the estimated values for both the composite tensile strength and the elastic modulus and only slight deviations were noticed for high microfibrillated cellulose fibers content. The morphological analysis via SEM indicated that the addition of PLA-g-MA improved the fiber-matrix adhesion because of the HENCEL unbounding and pull-out decreases from the PLA matrix. The use of appropriate values of matrix strength and stiffness and considering the improved fiber-matrix adhesion of the coupling agent yield a good agreement between experimental and estimated values.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Static and Fatigue Strength of Short Sisal Fiber Biocomposites by Low Fraction Nanotubes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pantano ◽  
F. Bongiorno ◽  
G. Marannano ◽  
B. Zuccarello
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Short Fiber ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Sisal Fiber ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Matrix Adhesion ◽  
Fiber Matrix ◽  
Damage Processes

AbstractThanks to good mechanical performances, high availability, low cost and low weight, the agave sisalana fiber allows to obtain biocomposites characterised by high specific properties, potentially very attractive for the replacement of synthetic materials in various industrial fields. Unfortunately, due to the low strength versus transversal damage processes mainly related to the matrix brittleness and/or to the low fiber/matrix adhesion, the tensile performance of random short fiber biocomposites are quite low, and to date most of the fiber treatments proposed in literature to improve the fiber-matrix adhesion, have not led to very satisfactory results. In order to overcome such a drawback, this work in turn proposes the proper introduction of low fractions carbon nanotubes to activate advantageous improvements in matrix toughness as well as fiber-matrix bridging effects, that can both lead to appreciable increments of the tensile strength.Systematic experimental static and fatigue tests performed on high quality biocomposites obtained by an optimized compression molding process, have shown that the introduction of 1% of carbon nanotubes is sufficient to gives significant improvement in both stiffness and static tensile strength, respectively by approximately 28% and 30%. Furthermore, toughening the biocomposite with 1% of nanotubes results in an appreciable enhancement in lifetime of at least 3 orders of magnitude. Biocomposites with 2% of CNTs show instead more limited improvement of 13% in stiffness, 6% in strength and 150% in lifetime. Also, a thorough analysis of the damage processes by SEM micrographs, as well as of the main fatigue data, has allowed to determine the model that can be used to predict the fatigue performance of such biocomposites.

scholarly journals ABS composites with cellulose fibers: Towards fiber-matrix adhesion without surface modification

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 100142
Author(s):  
Lucas Polo Fonseca ◽  
Walter R. Waldman ◽  
Marco Aurelio De Paoli
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Matrix Adhesion ◽  
Fiber Matrix

Effect of fiber-matrix adhesion on the properties of short fiber reinforced ABS

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 409-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Speri ◽  
Charles F. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Short Fiber ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Matrix Adhesion ◽  
Fiber Matrix

scholarly journals Thermo-Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Polymer Composites Reinforced by Natural Fibers Derived from Wet Blue Leather Wastes: A Comparative Study

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1837
Author(s):  
Alessandro Nanni ◽  
Mariafederica Parisi ◽  
Martino Colonna ◽  
Massimo Messori
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Matrix Adhesion ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Leather Wastes ◽  
Fiber Matrix

The present work investigated the possibility to use wet blue (WB) leather wastes as natural reinforcing fibers within different polymer matrices. After their preparation and characterization, WB fibers were melt-mixed at 10 wt.% with poly(lactic acid) (PLA), polyamide 12 (PA12), thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), and the obtained samples were subjected to rheological, thermal, thermo-mechanical, and viscoelastic analyses. In parallel, morphological properties such as fiber distribution and dispersion, fiber–matrix adhesion, and fiber exfoliation phenomena were analyzed through a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to evaluate the relationship between the compounding process, mechanical responses, and morphological parameters. The PLA-based composite exhibited the best results since the Young modulus (+18%), tensile strength (+1.5%), impact (+10%), and creep (+5%) resistance were simultaneously enhanced by the addition of WB fibers, which were well dispersed and distributed in and significantly branched and interlocked with the polymer matrix. PA12- and TPU-based formulations showed a positive behavior (around +47% of the Young modulus and +40% of creep resistance) even if the not-optimal fiber–matrix adhesion and/or the poor de-fibration of WB slightly lowered the tensile strength and elongation at break. Finally, the TPE-based sample exhibited the worst performance because of the poor affinity between hydrophilic WB fibers and the hydrophobic polymer matrix.

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