Effect of Composition on Shrinkage of Mold Cured Elastomeric Compounds

1978 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1044-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Beatty
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Thermal Coefficient ◽  
Thermal Contraction ◽  
Volume Percent ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Degree Of Orientation ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
The Common ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Soft Rubber

Abstract The mold shrinkage of elastomer compositions depends upon the elastomer employed, the volume percent of elastomer plus all other organic materials, and the kind and amount of pigment present. The specific effects of pigments in inhibiting the shrinkage are shown. A procedure is given by which the shrinkage of most soft rubber compositions of the common elastomers may be calculated from the recipe. The major part of the shrinkage of elastomer compositions is due to the much greater thermal contraction of the composition than that of the mold. This portion of the shrinkage depends upon the thermal coefficient of expansion of the composition and mold and the temperature difference between the curing and room temperatures. A minor part of the shrinkage is due to a contraction in volume resulting from vulcanization. For normal soft rubber stocks with sulfur concentrations of three phr or less and for normal neoprene stocks, this factor may be neglected. For stocks having higher sulfur ratios an allowance needs to be made for this factor. Shrinkage of fiber loaded stocks should be determined carefully depending on the quantity, and particularly on the degree of orientation of the processed stock.

The Shrinkage of Mold Cured Elastomer Compositions

1955 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1141-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Juve ◽  
J. R. Beatty
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Mold Material ◽  
Thermal Coefficient ◽  
Thermal Contraction ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Soft Rubber

Abstract The coefficient of expansion of elastomer compositions depends on the kind of polymer employed, the volume per cent of polymer plus all other organic materials, and the kind and the amount of pigment present. The specific effects of pigments in retarding the shrinkage are shown. A procedure is given by which the shrinkage of most soft rubber compositions of the principal rubbers may be calculated from the recipe. The major part of the shrinkage of elastomer compositions is due to the much greater thermal contraction of the composition than of the material from which the mold is made. This portion of the shrinkage depends on the thermal coefficient of expansion of the composition and the mold material and the temperature difference between the curing temperature and room temperature. A minor part of the shrinkage is due to a contraction of volume resulting form vulcanization. For normal soft rubber stocks with sulfur ratios of three parts or less and for normal Neoprene stocks, this factor may be neglected. For stocks having higher sulfur ratios, an allowance needs to be made for this factor.

STUDY OF SITE GEOMETRY OF THE Sn CATIONS IN THE Sn-ADDED Tl-Pb(1223) SUPERCONDUCTING SYSTEM USING MÖSSBAUER AND AUGER EMISSION TECHNIQUES

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 2887-2893
Author(s):  
KAMLESH KUMARI ◽  
R. K. SINGHAL ◽  
K. B. GARG ◽  
E. M. BAGGIO-SAITOVICH ◽  
SOUZA AZAVEDO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Mössbauer Spectra ◽  
Mossbauer Spectra ◽  
Doublet Line ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Tetravalent State ◽  
Weak Doublet

The addition of Sn in Tl,Pb(1223) ( Tl 0.5 Pb 0.5 Sn x Sr 1.6 Ca 2.4 Cu 3 O y) has been investigated using AES and Mössbauer Emission techniques to probe the valence and site geometry of Sn cations. It was found that Sn is present in tetravalent state in the compound at two sites with differing weights. The major part of the tin resides inside the grain and a minor part (weak doublet line in Mossbauer spectra) represents the contribution from the tin at the grain boundary.

New Method for Quantitative Preparation of Lignin- Carbohydrate Complex from Unbleached Softwood Kraft Pulp: Lignin-Polysaccharide Networks I

Holzforschung ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lawoko ◽  
G. Henriksson ◽  
G. Gellerstedt
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
The Other ◽  
Quantitative Yield ◽  
New Method ◽  
Residual Lignin ◽  
Carbohydrate Complex ◽  
Softwood Kraft Pulp ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
A Minor

Summary A new method for the quantitative preparation of pulp representative lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCC) has been developed, in which LCC has been systematically prepared at quantitative yield, fractionated and qualitatively determined. At least 90% of residual lignin in softwood kraft pulp is proposed to be chemically bonded to carbohydrates. A major part of LCC (92%) in softwood kraft pulp was observed between lignin, xylan and glucomannan, whereas a minor part (8%) was linked to cellulose. Half of the hemicelullosic LCC is a lignin-glucomannan complex. The other half is lignin-xylan complex and xylan-lignin-glucomannan complex. Thus, part of the residual lignin in softwood kraft pulp crosslinks xylan and glucomannan. The proposed linkages are of covalent type. At most 10% of the residual lignin is not bonded covalently to carbohydrates.

FREE AND PROTEIN-BOUND TRI-IODOTHYRONINE IN THE SERUM OF VITAMIN A-DEFICIENT RATS

1980 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. GARCIN ◽  
P. HIGUERET
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
A Minor

Tri-iodothyronine (T3) transport in the serum of rats on a vitamin A-deficient diet was studied by electrophoresis after the incubation of serum samples with radioactive T3. The level of serum free tri-iodothyronine (fT3) was measured by radioimmunoassay after serum chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 gel. In the serum of control rats a major part of the radioactivity was bound to the albumin zone (61%) and a minor part to the prealbumin zone (32%). In the serum of vitamin A-deficient rats a larger amount of radioactivity was bound to the postalbumin zone; the lower the level of vitamin A in serum, the greater was the radioactivity in this zone of the electrophoretogram. In these animals there was also a negative correlation between the serum vitamin A and the fT3. There was also a positive correlation between the radioactivity bound to the postalbumin zone and the fT3. The possible causes and effects of these modifications in vitamin A-deficient rats are discussed.

THE ROLE OF ANTHROPONYMS IN THE SEMANTIC FIELD OF ARTISTIC WORKS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (29) ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
Lidiya Derbenyova
Keyword(s):  
Literary Work ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
The One ◽  
A Minor ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Horizon Of Expectations

The article explores the role of antropoetonyms in the reader’s “horizon of expectation” formation. As a kind of “text in the text”, antropoetonyms are concentrating a large amount of information on a minor part of the text, reflecting the main theme of the work. As a “text” this class of poetonyms performs a number of functions: transmission and storage of information, generation of new meanings, the function of “cultural memory”, which explains the readers’ “horizon of expectations”. In analyzing the context of the literary work we should consider the function of antropoetonyms in vertical context (the link between artistic and other texts, and the groundwork system of culture), as well as in the context of the horizontal one (times’ connection realized in the communication chain from the word to the text; the author’s intention). In this aspect, the role of antropoetonyms in the structure of the literary text is extremely significant because antropoetonyms convey an associative nature, generating a complex mechanism of allusions. It’s an open fact that they always transmit information about the preceding text and suggest a double decoding. On the one hand, the recipient decodes this information, on the other – accepts this as a sort of hidden, “secret” sense.

Electrostatic effects on ionization equilibria: An MNDO study of proton and hydrogen transfer reactions of 4-fluorobutylamine

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Friedl ◽  
Stanislav Böhm
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Transfer ◽  
Substituent Effects ◽  
Radical Cations ◽  
Transfer Reactions ◽  
Protonated Forms ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
Bond Strengths ◽  
Ionization Equilibria ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Gas Phase Basicities

The relative enthalpies of proton transfer δ ΔH0and homolytic bond strengths δDH0(B-H+) were calculated by the MNDO method for the sp and ap conformers of 4-flurobutylamine. The data obtained, along with the experimental gas phase basicities, are compared with the values predicted by the electrostatic theory. It is shown that the substituent polar effects FD on the basicities of amines are predominantly due to interactions in their protonated forms (X-B-H+) and/or radical-cations (X-B+.), those in the neutral species (X-B) playing a minor part. A contribution, which is considerably more significant in the sp conformer than in the ap conformer, arises probably also from substituent effects on the homolytic bond strength DH0(B-H+.

scholarly journals Endoscopic Fistulotomy – ‘The Suprapapillary Punch’: A Method of Access to the Bile Duct during ERCP

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-35
Author(s):  
Noel B Hershfield
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Common Bile Duct ◽  
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography ◽  
Biliary Tree ◽  
Usual Method ◽  
Endoscopic Retrograde ◽  
The Common ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Endoscopic Fistulotomy

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is established as the method of choice to investigate the biliary tree when obstruction is suspected. On rare occasions, the papilla cannot be entered because of anatomical or pathological abnormalities. This report describes endoscopic fistulotomy or the suprapapillary punch that has been carried out at the Foothills Hospital in Calgary, Alberta, on 30 of 623 patients referred for ERCP for conditions causing obstruction of the common bile duct or suspected obstruction of the common bile duct. The following communication also describes the method of suprapapillary punch or endoscopic fistulotomy. Results have been excellent with only one complication, a minor attack of pancreatitis after the procedure. In summary, the suprapapillary punch or fistulotomy is a safe and useful method for entering the common bile duct when access by the usual method is impossible.

Formation and dynamics of Saturn and its disk simulated by using a new N-body model

Open Physics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pavlov ◽  
Y. Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Surface Density ◽  
Electromagnetic Interaction ◽  
The Core ◽  
Body Model ◽  
Magnetic Forces ◽  
Axis Of Rotation ◽  
Gravitational Model ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
Body Self ◽  
A Minor

AbstractThe formation of Saturn and its disk is simulated using a new N-body self-gravitational model. It is demonstrated that the formation of the disk and the planet is the result of gravitational contraction of a slowly rotated particle cloud that have a shape of slightly deformed sphere. The sphere was flattened by a coefficient of 0.8 along the axis of rotation. During the gravitational contraction, the major part of the cloud transformed into a planet and a minor part transformed into a disk. The thin structured disk is a result of the electromagnetic interaction in which the magnetic forces acting on charged particles of the cloud originate in the core of the planet. The simulation program gives such parameters of Saturn as the escape velocity of about 35 km/s at the surface, density, rotational velocities of the rings and temperature distribution.

scholarly journals Energy release and conversion by reconnection in the magnetotail

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 3365-3373 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Birn ◽  
M. Hesse
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Energy Release ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Magnetic Energy ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Ohmic Dissipation ◽  
Particle Simulations ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
Reconnection Site ◽  
A Minor

Abstract. Magnetic reconnection is the crucial process in the release of magnetic energy previously stored in the magnetotail in association with substorms. However, energy transfer and dissipation in the vicinity of the reconnection site is only a minor part of the energy conversion. We discuss the energy release, transport, and conversion based on large-scale resistive MHD simulations of magnetotail dynamics and more localized full particle simulations of reconnection. We address in particular, where the energy is released, how it propagates and where and how it is converted from one form into another. We find that Joule (or ohmic) dissipation plays only a minor role in the overall energy transfer. Bulk kinetic energy, although locally significant in the outflow from the reconnection site, plays a more important role as mediator or catalyst in the transfer between magnetic and thermal energy. Generator regions with potential auroral consequences are located primarily off the equatorial plane in the boundary regions of the plasma sheet.

scholarly journals Fishes of Paranaguá Estuarine Complex, South West Atlantic

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina dos Passos ◽  
Riguel Feltrin Contente ◽  
Ciro Colodetti Vilar de Araujo ◽  
Felippe Alexandre Lisboa de Miranda Daros ◽  
Henry Louis Spach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Large Dataset ◽  
Ecological Information ◽  
South West ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
Global Biodiversity ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Incomplete Sampling

The objective of this work was to present an updated checklist of the currently known fishes in the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex (PEC) and provides comments on conservation status for the treated species. We used a large dataset derived from a pool of studies which have been conducted within there along the last 30 years. Each study was based on monthly samplings and conducted in several estuarine habitat; thus, the pool covers practically all estuarine habitats and takes into account the seasonal cycle in the system. The PEC ichthyofauna represents a mixture between that fauna typical from the tropical Brazilian coast and that with affinities of temperate Argentinean and Uruguayan zones. The PEC harbors a rich fish fauna of 213 species, inserted in the families that are common along the Brazilian coast. Only a minor part (8%) of the PEC fish fauna was evaluated as regards the conservation status, mostly because of the lack of basic biological and ecological information for most species. Despite part of the among-estuaries differences are due to different and incomplete sampling efforts, the richness in the PEC is surprisingly higher than other systems in Brazil and around world, which emphasize the importance of the region for global biodiversity conservation.

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