FREE AND PROTEIN-BOUND TRI-IODOTHYRONINE IN THE SERUM OF VITAMIN A-DEFICIENT RATS

1980 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. GARCIN ◽  
P. HIGUERET
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
A Minor

Tri-iodothyronine (T3) transport in the serum of rats on a vitamin A-deficient diet was studied by electrophoresis after the incubation of serum samples with radioactive T3. The level of serum free tri-iodothyronine (fT3) was measured by radioimmunoassay after serum chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 gel. In the serum of control rats a major part of the radioactivity was bound to the albumin zone (61%) and a minor part to the prealbumin zone (32%). In the serum of vitamin A-deficient rats a larger amount of radioactivity was bound to the postalbumin zone; the lower the level of vitamin A in serum, the greater was the radioactivity in this zone of the electrophoretogram. In these animals there was also a negative correlation between the serum vitamin A and the fT3. There was also a positive correlation between the radioactivity bound to the postalbumin zone and the fT3. The possible causes and effects of these modifications in vitamin A-deficient rats are discussed.

Effect of Composition on Shrinkage of Mold Cured Elastomeric Compounds

1978 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1044-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Beatty
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Thermal Coefficient ◽  
Thermal Contraction ◽  
Volume Percent ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Degree Of Orientation ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
The Common ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Soft Rubber

Abstract The mold shrinkage of elastomer compositions depends upon the elastomer employed, the volume percent of elastomer plus all other organic materials, and the kind and amount of pigment present. The specific effects of pigments in inhibiting the shrinkage are shown. A procedure is given by which the shrinkage of most soft rubber compositions of the common elastomers may be calculated from the recipe. The major part of the shrinkage of elastomer compositions is due to the much greater thermal contraction of the composition than that of the mold. This portion of the shrinkage depends upon the thermal coefficient of expansion of the composition and mold and the temperature difference between the curing and room temperatures. A minor part of the shrinkage is due to a contraction in volume resulting from vulcanization. For normal soft rubber stocks with sulfur concentrations of three phr or less and for normal neoprene stocks, this factor may be neglected. For stocks having higher sulfur ratios an allowance needs to be made for this factor. Shrinkage of fiber loaded stocks should be determined carefully depending on the quantity, and particularly on the degree of orientation of the processed stock.

STUDY OF SITE GEOMETRY OF THE Sn CATIONS IN THE Sn-ADDED Tl-Pb(1223) SUPERCONDUCTING SYSTEM USING MÖSSBAUER AND AUGER EMISSION TECHNIQUES

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 2887-2893
Author(s):  
KAMLESH KUMARI ◽  
R. K. SINGHAL ◽  
K. B. GARG ◽  
E. M. BAGGIO-SAITOVICH ◽  
SOUZA AZAVEDO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Mössbauer Spectra ◽  
Mossbauer Spectra ◽  
Doublet Line ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Tetravalent State ◽  
Weak Doublet

The addition of Sn in Tl,Pb(1223) ( Tl 0.5 Pb 0.5 Sn x Sr 1.6 Ca 2.4 Cu 3 O y) has been investigated using AES and Mössbauer Emission techniques to probe the valence and site geometry of Sn cations. It was found that Sn is present in tetravalent state in the compound at two sites with differing weights. The major part of the tin resides inside the grain and a minor part (weak doublet line in Mossbauer spectra) represents the contribution from the tin at the grain boundary.

scholarly journals Serum Biomarkers of Environmental Enteric Dysfunction and Growth Perspective in Egyptian Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (B) ◽  
pp. 1625-1632
Author(s):  
Maged A. El Wakeel ◽  
Ghada M. El-Kassas ◽  
Shaimaa A. Hashem ◽  
Hasanin M. Hasanin ◽  
Walaa H. Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Serum Biomarkers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Egyptian Children ◽  
Environmental Enteric Dysfunction ◽  
Z Scores

BACKGROUND: Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is a chronic subclinical condition, contributed to limited sources and poor countries. EED pathology is concerned with small intestine structure and function, which affect the macronutrients and micronutrients absorption with consequent growth faltering. AIM: This study aimed to evaluate some serum biomarkers involved in EED and determine their association with stunting and faltering growth in children; zonulin, endotoxin core antibody (EndoCAb), high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), serum iron, and Vitamins A and D. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This case–control study enrolled 105 children aged from 1 to 10 years old, having weight-for-age z-scores and height-for-age z-scores (WAZ or HAZ) ranging from −1.5 to −2. They were compared with control group consisted of 100 children having WAZ or HAZ > −1 of matched age and sex. Assessment of serum markers levels of enteric dysfunction (zonulin and EndoCAb), markers of systemic inflammation (Hs CRP and AGP), along with serum micronutrients (vitamin A, vitamin D and iron) in children with malnutrition in comparison to controls. RESULTS: There was a highly significant decrease as regarding the anthropometric measurements; weight, height, BMI, and arm circumference. Moreover, significant increase in serum zonulin, EndoCAb, HsCRP, and AGP and highly significant decrease of serum Vitamin D and iron in cases group as compared to control group. Height Z score showed negative correlation with zonulin, HsCRP, and AGP and positive correlation with Vitamin D. Weight Z score showed negative correlation with zonulin, HsCRP, and AGP and positive correlation with Vitamin D and Vitamin A. Regression analysis noted increase of zonulin and α1AGP as high associative markers with height Z score affection, however, increase of zonulin was high associative markers with weight Z score affection. CONCLUSION: Faltering growth is associated with elevated serum systemic markers of intestinal inflammation (HsCRP and α1AGP). EED may be a cause of faltering growth.

The Effect of Vitamin A Deficiency in Rabbits on the Elastic Properties of the Lung and Thoracic Aorta

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Saksena ◽  
J. A. Mehta ◽  
A. Naimark
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Tissue Elasticity ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Retarded Growth ◽  
Per Se

Weanling rabbits were fed a vitamin A deficient diet for 6 weeks. During this period they failed to gain weight normally and exhibited significantly lower serum vitamin A levels when compared with their littermates fed a vitamin A supplemented diet. These findings indicated that vitamin A deficiency was established, and the lungs and specimens of aorta were removed for study. The pressure–volume relationships of saline-filled lungs revealed that test lungs were more compliant than control lungs and this difference was associated with a decrease in elastin content in test lungs. The absence of such changes in pair-fed controls suggests that the effects are due to vitamin A deficiency per se rather than the general effects of retarded growth. A decrease was also noted in the elastance of the aorta, confirming that vitamin A deficiency has an effect on elasticity of tissues generally. When vitamin A deficient animals were given vitamin A supplemented diets the elastance of the aorta returned to control values but the compliance of the lung, although somewhat decreased, did not reach control values. The mechanism by which vitamin A deficiency affects tissue elasticity is not known.

scholarly journals Serum Biomarkers of Environmental Enteric Dysfunction and Growth Perspective in Egyptian Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (T2) ◽  
pp. 246-253
Author(s):  
Maged El Wakeel ◽  
Ghada El-Kassas ◽  
Shimaa Hashem ◽  
Hasanin Mohamed ◽  
Walaa Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Serum Biomarkers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Egyptian Children ◽  
Environmental Enteric Dysfunction ◽  
Z Scores

BACKGROUND: Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is a chronic subclinical condition, contributed to limited sources and poor countries. EED pathology is concerned with small intestine structure and function, which affect the macronutrients and micronutrients absorption with consequent growth faltering. AIM: This study aimed to evaluate some serum biomarkers involved in EED and determine their association with stunting and faltering growth in children; zonulin, endotoxin core antibody (EndoCAb), high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), serum iron, and Vitamins A and D. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This case–control study enrolled 105 children aged from 1 to 10 years old, having weight-for-age z-scores and height-for-age z-scores (WAZ or HAZ) ranging from −1.5 to −2. They were compared with control group consisted of 100 children having WAZ or HAZ > −1 of matched age and sex. Assessment of serum markers levels of enteric dysfunction (zonulin and EndoCAb), markers of systemic inflammation (Hs CRP and AGP), along with serum micronutrients (vitamin A, vitamin D and iron) in children with malnutrition in comparison to controls. RESULTS: There was a highly significant decrease as regarding the anthropometric measurements; weight, height, BMI, and arm circumference. Moreover, significant increase in serum zonulin, EndoCAb, HsCRP, and AGP and highly significant decrease of serum Vitamin D and iron in cases group as compared to control group. Height Z score showed negative correlation with zonulin, HsCRP, and AGP and positive correlation with Vitamin D. Weight Z score showed negative correlation with zonulin, HsCRP, and AGP and positive correlation with Vitamin D and Vitamin A. Regression analysis noted increase of zonulin and α1AGP as high associative markers with height Z score affection, however, increase of zonulin was high associative markers with weight Z score affection. CONCLUSION: Faltering growth is associated with elevated serum systemic markers of intestinal inflammation (HsCRP and α1AGP). EED may be a cause of faltering growth.

Aberrant lectin-binding activity of immunoglobulin G in serum from rheumatoid arthritis patients.

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1638-1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Parkkinen
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Lectin Binding ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Plant Lectins ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Inhibition Studies

Abstract Structural studies of oligosaccharide chains of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in serum have revealed a specific galactosylation deficiency associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Using a two-site lectin-immunofluorometric assay, I studied the interaction of IgG with immobilized lectins. Compared with control IgG, IgG purified from RA patients' sera bound up to 40-fold more strongly to immobilized Bandeiraea simplicifolia agglutinin II, a lectin that specifically binds agalacto forms of other glycoproteins. However, inhibition studies and treatment of IgG with glycosidase suggested that only a minor part of this binding was mediated by agalacto oligosaccharides of IgG. Furthermore, these IgG samples bound even more intensively to some other immobilized lectins, including Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA). The binding to RCA was not inhibited by lactose, a hapten sugar of RCA, whereas other lectin species in solution effectively inhibited it. Compared with intact RA IgG, isolated F(ab')2 fragments displayed only low RCA-binding activity. These results indicate the existence of a carbohydrate-nondependent interaction between RA IgG and different plant lectins. With use of immobilized RCA, the lectin-immunofluorometric assay was rapid and reproducible for measuring the aberrant lectin-binding activity of IgG directly in diluted serum samples.

The Shrinkage of Mold Cured Elastomer Compositions

1955 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1141-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Juve ◽  
J. R. Beatty
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Mold Material ◽  
Thermal Coefficient ◽  
Thermal Contraction ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Soft Rubber

Abstract The coefficient of expansion of elastomer compositions depends on the kind of polymer employed, the volume per cent of polymer plus all other organic materials, and the kind and the amount of pigment present. The specific effects of pigments in retarding the shrinkage are shown. A procedure is given by which the shrinkage of most soft rubber compositions of the principal rubbers may be calculated from the recipe. The major part of the shrinkage of elastomer compositions is due to the much greater thermal contraction of the composition than of the material from which the mold is made. This portion of the shrinkage depends on the thermal coefficient of expansion of the composition and the mold material and the temperature difference between the curing temperature and room temperature. A minor part of the shrinkage is due to a contraction of volume resulting form vulcanization. For normal soft rubber stocks with sulfur ratios of three parts or less and for normal Neoprene stocks, this factor may be neglected. For stocks having higher sulfur ratios, an allowance needs to be made for this factor.

New Method for Quantitative Preparation of Lignin- Carbohydrate Complex from Unbleached Softwood Kraft Pulp: Lignin-Polysaccharide Networks I

Holzforschung ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lawoko ◽  
G. Henriksson ◽  
G. Gellerstedt
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
The Other ◽  
Quantitative Yield ◽  
New Method ◽  
Residual Lignin ◽  
Carbohydrate Complex ◽  
Softwood Kraft Pulp ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
A Minor

Summary A new method for the quantitative preparation of pulp representative lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCC) has been developed, in which LCC has been systematically prepared at quantitative yield, fractionated and qualitatively determined. At least 90% of residual lignin in softwood kraft pulp is proposed to be chemically bonded to carbohydrates. A major part of LCC (92%) in softwood kraft pulp was observed between lignin, xylan and glucomannan, whereas a minor part (8%) was linked to cellulose. Half of the hemicelullosic LCC is a lignin-glucomannan complex. The other half is lignin-xylan complex and xylan-lignin-glucomannan complex. Thus, part of the residual lignin in softwood kraft pulp crosslinks xylan and glucomannan. The proposed linkages are of covalent type. At most 10% of the residual lignin is not bonded covalently to carbohydrates.

The Effect of Vitamin A on the Intermittent Nitrogen Dioxide Gas Exposure in Hamsters

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 176-177
Author(s):  
J.C.S. Kim ◽  
M.G. Jourden ◽  
E.S. Carlisle
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Intermittent Exposure ◽  
Hypovitaminosis A ◽  
Gas Exposure

Chronic exposure to nitrogen dioxide in rodents has shown that injury reaches a maximum after 24 hours, and a reparative adaptive phase follows (1). Damage occurring in the terminal bronchioles and proximal portions of the alveolar ducts in rats has been extensively studied by both light and electron microscopy (1).The present study was undertaken to compare the response of lung tissue to intermittent exposure to 10 ppm of nitrogen dioxide gas for 4 hours per week, while the hamsters were on a vitamin A deficient diet. Ultrastructural observations made from lung tissues obtained from non-gas exposed, hypovitaminosis A animals and gas exposed animals fed a regular commercially prepared diet have been compared to elucidate the specific effect of vitamin A on nitrogen dioxide gas exposure. The interaction occurring between vitamin A and nitrogen dioxide gas has not previously been investigated.

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