Interaction between Carboxylated Nitrile Rubber and Precipitated Silica: Role of (3-Aminopropyl)Triethoxysilane

1996 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumanda Bandyopadhyay ◽  
P. P. De ◽  
D. K. Tripathy ◽  
S. K. De
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Nitrile Rubber ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Precipitated Silica ◽  
Silica Filler ◽  
Bound Rubber ◽  
Rubber Filler

Abstract On the basis of measurements of bound rubber and physical properties and the results of Monsanto rheometer, dynamic mechanical and infrared spectroscopic studies, it is observed that strong rubber-filler interaction occurs between XNBR and precipitated silica filler. During molding, XNBR was found to be crosslinked by the filler surface through the formation of primary bonds. The coupling agent, namely (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane facilitates the formation of rubber-filler bonds at the expense of filler-filler networks, leading to improved dispersion and enhanced degree of crosslinking.

Use of Nonblack Fillers in Tire Compounds

1996 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter H. Waddell ◽  
Larry R. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Tear Strength ◽  
The Road ◽  
Precipitated Silica

Abstract A variety of nonblack fillers are used in the rubber components of tires. Calcium carbonate, clay, precipitated silica, talc and titanium dioxide are used in white sidewall compounds to impart desired physical properties and appearance. Precipitated silica can be used in black sidewall compounds, including nonstaining EPDM black sidewalls, to significantly improve tear strength, cut-growth resistance and resistance to ozone aging. Precipitated silica is used extensively in wire coat compounds in conjunction with resorcinol and methylene donating resins, and can be used with organocobalt salts to improve adhesive properties, tear strength and cut-growth resistance. Calcium carbonate, clay, mica and talc are found in innerliner compounds, and precipitated silica can be used. Precipitated silica is used in the treads of off-the-road tires such as earthmover tires, in order to improve tear strength and cut-growth resistance. Clay and talc can be used in tire treads. Precipitated silica is also used in the treads of tires of vehicles used for highway driving, such as passenger cars and trucks, in order to reduce the rolling resistance and increase the wet traction of the tire. It is necessary to modify the surface of precipitated silica with a bifunctional organosilane coupling agent in order to maintain tire treadwear for highway vehicles. Figures 16 and 17 are pictorial summaries of the use of nonblack fillers and the benefits of using precipitated silica in the various components of tire compounds, respectively.

Self-Crosslinkable Polymer Blends Based on Chlorinated Rubber and Carboxylated Nitrile Rubber

1992 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ramesh ◽  
S. K. De
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Polymer Blends ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Nitrile Rubber ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Blend Composition ◽  
Mechanical Measurements

Abstract Melt-mixed blends of chlorinated natural rubber and carboxylated nitrile rubber get crosslinked during prolonged molding at elevated temperatures in the absence of any crosslinking agent. Dynamic mechanical measurements show that such blends are compatible. The physical properties depend on the blend composition. The blends exhibit excellent processing safety, good oil resistance, and high abrasion resistance.

Study in Surface Modification of Silica in Silicone Rubber

2012 ◽  
Vol 496 ◽  
pp. 34-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Sheng Liu ◽  
Dong Lai Li ◽  
Jun Yu ◽  
Zong Wang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
Silica Filler ◽  
Bound Rubber ◽  
Silane Coupling ◽  
Unmodified Silica ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Surface Modified ◽  
Agent Treatment

Silica fillers are well known to improve the mechanical properties of elastomers.Nevertheless, the silica filler particles tend to aggregate and affect the properties of the elastomer. In the present study, the silica filler was modified by silane coupling agent (A-151) in order to improve the dispersion of the filler in silicone rubber. The composites samples added with surface treated silica filler was characterized by FT-IR, bound rubber, and fluorescent microscope with that reinforced by the unmodified filler as a comparison. FT-IR results evidences the successful surface modified by silane coupling agent. Bound rubber contents of the origin silica filler are much lower than that of the silica filler with the silane coupling agent treatment. The modified silica-filled shows a better dispersion than that of the origin silica filler and the agglomeration of filler occurs in the unmodified silica-filler compounds.

scholarly journals REINFORCEMENT OF NATURAL RUBBER BY PRECIPITATED SILICA: THE INFLUENCE OF PROCESSING TEMPERATURE

2014 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Salina Sarkawi ◽  
Wilma K. Dierkes ◽  
Jacques W. M. Noordermeer
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Thermal History ◽  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
The Other ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Precipitated Silica ◽  
Bound Rubber ◽  
Silane Coupling ◽  
Deproteinized Natural Rubber

ABSTRACT The thermal history, and in particular the mixing dump temperature, is a parameter of paramount importance in mixing rubber and silica with a silane coupling agent in order to achieve proper silanization of silica and to avoid premature scorch reactions. The influence of the mixing dump temperature on the performance of silica-reinforced natural rubber (NR) is investigated. The investigation also includes the effect of nonrubber constituents, primarily proteins in NR, by using deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR) and synthetic polyisoprene (IR). The vulcanization properties and rubber-to-filler interactions of silica-reinforced NR in the presence and absence of a silane coupling agent are highlighted. With increasing mixing dump temperature, the silanization reaction between silica and silane coupling agent proceeds further. At a sufficiently high dump temperature, filler–filler interactions in the NR–silica compounds are reduced and the silica–rubber interaction improved, as evidenced by a drop in the Payne effect and increment in chemically bound rubber. It is demonstrated that NR and IR compounds mixed until they are above the optimum dump temperature exhibit cure reversion and reduction in tensile properties. On the other hand, DPNR–silica vulcanizates show slightly more constant physical properties.

Structural, magnetic and Mössbauer spectroscopic studies of the [Fe(3-bpp)2](CF3COO)2 complex: role of crystal packing leading to an incomplete Fe(ii) high spin ⇋ low spin transition

CrystEngComm ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (15) ◽  
pp. 2854-2861
Author(s):  
Kristian Handoyo Sugiyarto ◽  
Djulia Onggo ◽  
Hiroki Akutsu ◽  
Varimalla Raghavendra Reddy ◽  
Hari Sutrisno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Spin ◽  
Crystal Packing ◽  
Spin Transition ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Mononuclear Complex

Mononuclear complex [Fe(3-bpp)2](CF3COO)2 exhibits a thermal (HS + HS) ⇋ (HS + LS) transition at ∼226 K which is not associated with any crystallographic transition.

The role of rheological premonitory of hydrogels based on cellulose nanofibers and polymethylsilsesquioxane on the physical properties of corresponding aerogels

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 1220-1231
Author(s):  
Pragya Gupta ◽  
Akanksha Pandey ◽  
Kirtiraj K. Gaikwad ◽  
Sunanda Roy ◽  
Pradip K. Maji
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers
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