اثر بازدارندگی عصاره آبی  Datura stramonium، D. metel و Hyoscyamus niger بر Meloidogyne javanica

Tropane alkaloids are a group of secondary metabolites occurring naturally in Solanaceae family as Atropa belladona, Datura stramonium, Mandragora officinalis, and Hyoscyamus niger. These molecules have valuable therapeutic applications, for example, atropine and hyoscyamine are utilized as antimuscarinic besides being stomach and intestinal diseases drugs. Plants of the Solanaceae family can provide a natural yet less expensive source of these compounds. Hitherto, in order to emphasize these metabolites biosynthesis, D. stramonium seeds were irradiated using a cobalt-60 source of gamma rays of 5 to 80 Gy and germinated in vitro on MS medium in growth controlled chamber. Mutagenesis of D. stramonium seeds was attempted aiming at obtaining plants from in vitro source that are genetically variable for enhancing the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, namely alkaloids. Results indicated that D. stramonium seeds exhibited a good radiosensitivity and the mutagen damage index GR (30-50) for D. stramonium was determined at 80 Gy. The Characterization of alkaloids (Atropine and hyoscyamine) was done by infrared spectroscopy which showed that alkaloids content of the irradiated seeds is altered by irradiation as the reference bands were not found with all doses used. In addition, seedlings grown from irradiated in vitro seeds exhibited remarkable morphological variations that varied based on the employed dose of gamma rays. These findings permitted the selection of the optimal irradiation dose (80 Gy) to induce mutations that are likely to prompt changes at genetic and metabolic level of the targeted alkaloids.

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Xanthomonas vesicatoria. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria ◽

10.1079/dfb/20056400020 ◽

1964 ◽

Author(s):

A. C. Hayward

Keyword(s):

Geographical Distribution ◽

Datura Stramonium ◽

Capsicum Frutescens ◽

Lycium Chinense ◽

Hyoscyamus Niger ◽

Wheat Roots ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Leaf Infection ◽

Southern Rhodesia ◽

Xanthomonas Vesicatoria

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas vesicatoria. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum, and Chilli peppers, Capsicum frutescens; also on Lycopersicon pimpinelifolium, Datura stramonium, Hyoscyamus niger, H. aureus, Lycium chinense, L. halimifolium, Nicotiana rustica, Physalis minima, Solanum dulcamara, S. nigrum, S. rostratum, S. tuberosum, S. melongena. DISEASE: Bacterial scab or spot. The pathogen causes a superficial corky scab of the fruits with irregularly lobed margins and water-soaked halos, a leaf spot or blight and a canker of the stems and petioles. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A., Mexico, Canada, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Bermuda, Brazil, Argentina, Hawaii, Australia, Japan, India, China. Israel, Italy, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Rumania, Lithuania, U.S.S.R., Mozambique, South Africa, Southern Rhodesia. (CMI Map 269). TRANSMISSION: On seed and by wind driven rain. Leaf infection occurs through the stomata, fruit infection through wounds. Overwintering in the dead stalks of diseased tomato plants and also survival in rhizospheres of dead plants has been recorded by Peterson (Phytopathology 53: 765-767, 1963) as well as overwintering on wheat roots (25: 479). Fruit symptoms reported to be associated with punctures by Nezara viridula (37: 249).

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Fünftes Kapitel. Versuch einer Zerlegung der drey sogenannten Narkotika: Hyoscyamus niger, Atropa Belladonna und Datura Stramonium

Anleitung zu einer bessern Zerlegungsweise der Vegetabilien durch Theorie und Versuche ◽

10.1515/9783111684024-007 ◽

1820 ◽

pp. 101-143

Keyword(s):

Datura Stramonium ◽

Hyoscyamus Niger ◽

Atropa Belladonna

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Changes in germination ability during genebank storage at some medicinal plant seeds belonging to the Solanaceae family

International Journal of Horticultural Science ◽

10.31421/ijhs/7/2/266 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

Author(s):

E. Tóth

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

Storage Period ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Datura Stramonium ◽

Potassium Nitrate ◽

Datura Innoxia ◽

Hyoscyamus Niger ◽

Plant Seeds ◽

Germination Ability ◽

Solanaceae Family

In the present work we have examined the changes of germination ability of some medicinal plant species belonging to the Solanaceae family (Datura stramonium L., Datura innoxia Mill. and Hyoscyamus niger L.) during 5-6 years' storage period. According to our results, all the three species showed an after-ripening behavior. Potassium nitrate and gibberellic acid increased significantly the rate of germination in the case of Datura species. During the storage period tested (1995-2001), the species maintained their germination ability which is favourably but not significantly influenced by the cooled gene bank conditions. The degree of ripeness affected considerably the proportion of germinated seeds at all the three species. As a consequence of our results we emphasise that propagation with completely ripe seeds is proposed, however, half-ripe seeds developped in an unadvantageous vegetation period can be also utilized in the practice. The effect of vegetation year on stramony seeds manifested in the length of after-ripening period, while in the case of henbane the germination ability was also influenced.

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Zur Elementbestimmung in Solanaceen

Scientia Pharmaceutica ◽

10.3797/scipharm.aut-00-40 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 68 (4) ◽

pp. 435-438

Author(s):

H. Lahl ◽

D. Riße ◽

B. Unterhalt

Keyword(s):

Datura Stramonium ◽

Hyoscyamus Niger ◽

Atropa Belladonna

The Contents of Al, Ba, Cr, Cu, Sr, and Zn in Atropa belladonna, Datura stramonium, and Hyoscyamus niger are measured by ICP-AES. Enrichment of these elements in the leaves is observed.

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Abstracts of the Plenary Lectures, Short Lectures and Posters of the 17" Scientific Congress of the Austrian Pharmaceutical Society April 24 to April 26, 2003, Graz

Scientia Pharmaceutica ◽

10.3797/scipharm.aut-03-05 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. 38-38

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Datura Stramonium ◽

Hyoscyamus Niger ◽

Pharmaceutical Society ◽

Scientific Congress ◽

Leaves And Roots

The uptake of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn into the leaves and roots of Datura stramonium and Hyoscyamus niger. [...]

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Nixing the nightshades: Traditional knowledge of intoxicating members of the Solanaceae among hallucinogenic plant and mushroom users in Slovenia

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0247688 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. e0247688

Author(s):

Karsten Fatur ◽

Samo Kreft

Keyword(s):

Datura Stramonium ◽

The Internet ◽

Recreational Drugs ◽

Hyoscyamus Niger ◽

Body Of Knowledge ◽

The Family ◽

History Of ◽

Level Of Knowledge ◽

History Of Use ◽

Number Of Individuals

Anticholinergic plants of the family Solanaceae have a long history of use as medicines, poisons, and recreational drugs. Though they were the intoxicating substances of choice throughout Europe for centuries, their use for these purposes has declined with the globalisation of other recreational drugs. The present study sought to examine the level of knowledge surrounding these plants among individuals who had used other hallucinogenic plants or mushrooms in Slovenia. Participants were questioned in regards to the anticholinergic Solanaceae that are known to grow wild in Slovenia: Atropa belladonna L., Datura stramonium L., Hyoscyamus niger L., and Scopolia carniolica L. As expected, only a small number of individuals had any substantial knowledge of these plants, and fewer still had used them; some were even unfamiliar with any of these plants. Knowledge of toxicity generally arose from family members, while books and the internet played prominent roles in regards to use knowledge. Knowledge of the plants was vastly varied, with many individuals confusing the plants for others, especially other members of the Solanaceae. Ultimately, a small group of individuals had the largest body of knowledge of these plants, though this was linked with university studies rather than traditional uses. Knowledge of the intoxicating Solanaceae has been largely lost in Slovenia among users of other botanical hallucinogens, likely due to the various dangers their use poses and the undesirable effects they often cause.

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