Effects of gamma irradiation on the alkaloid content in seeds of Datura stramonium and the radiosensitivity of derived seedlings

Tropane alkaloids are a group of secondary metabolites occurring naturally in Solanaceae family as Atropa belladona, Datura stramonium, Mandragora officinalis, and Hyoscyamus niger. These molecules have valuable therapeutic applications, for example, atropine and hyoscyamine are utilized as antimuscarinic besides being stomach and intestinal diseases drugs. Plants of the Solanaceae family can provide a natural yet less expensive source of these compounds. Hitherto, in order to emphasize these metabolites biosynthesis, D. stramonium seeds were irradiated using a cobalt-60 source of gamma rays of 5 to 80 Gy and germinated in vitro on MS medium in growth controlled chamber. Mutagenesis of D. stramonium seeds was attempted aiming at obtaining plants from in vitro source that are genetically variable for enhancing the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, namely alkaloids. Results indicated that D. stramonium seeds exhibited a good radiosensitivity and the mutagen damage index GR (30-50) for D. stramonium was determined at 80 Gy. The Characterization of alkaloids (Atropine and hyoscyamine) was done by infrared spectroscopy which showed that alkaloids content of the irradiated seeds is altered by irradiation as the reference bands were not found with all doses used. In addition, seedlings grown from irradiated in vitro seeds exhibited remarkable morphological variations that varied based on the employed dose of gamma rays. These findings permitted the selection of the optimal irradiation dose (80 Gy) to induce mutations that are likely to prompt changes at genetic and metabolic level of the targeted alkaloids.

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In vitro antiplasmodial, cytotoxicity assay and partial chemical characterization of Kenyan Physalis peruviana L. (Solanaceae family) extracts

Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ◽

10.5897/jmpr2019.6882 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 73-80

Author(s):

Karanja Kamau Peter ◽

Ng’ang’a Zipporah ◽

M. Njeruh Francis ◽

Thuita John

Keyword(s):

Chemical Characterization ◽

Cytotoxicity Assay ◽

Physalis Peruviana ◽

Solanaceae Family ◽

Partial Chemical

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IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY, OPTIMIZATION OF BIOACTIVE SECONDARY METABOLITES AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF BACILLUS SUBTILIS ISOLATED FROM SOILS OF WESTERN GHATS, INDIA

International Research Journal of Pharmacy ◽

10.7897/2230-8407.1005191 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 205-212

Author(s):

A Ram Kumar ◽

R Ramesh ◽

D Thamilvanan ◽

A Stephen ◽

S Kumaresan

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Molecular Characterization ◽

Western Ghats ◽

In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Bioactive Secondary Metabolites ◽

Activity Optimization

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Comprehensive Characterization of Secondary Metabolites from Colebrookea oppositifolia (Smith) Leaves from Nepal and Assessment of Cytotoxic Effect and Anti-Nf-κB and AP-1 Activities In Vitro

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21144897 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (14) ◽

pp. 4897

Author(s):

Gregorio Peron ◽

Jan Hošek ◽

Ganga Prasad Phuyal ◽

Dharma Raj Kandel ◽

Rameshwar Adhikari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Full Potential ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Cytotoxic Compounds ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Potential Use ◽

Comprehensive Characterization

Here we report the comprehensive characterization of the secondary metabolites from the leaves of Colebrookea oppositifolia Smith, a species used as medicinal plant in the traditional medicine of Nepal. Phytochemical screening of bioactives was performed using an integrated LC-MSn and high resolution MS (Mass Spectrometry) approach. Forty-three compounds were tentatively identified, mainly aglyconic and glycosilated flavonoids and phenolic acids, as well as other bioactives such as coumarins and terpenes were detected. Furthermore, the NF-κB and AP-1 inhibitory activity of C. oppositifolia extract were evaluated, as well as its cytotoxicity against THP-1 cells, in order to assess the potential use of this herb as a source of anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic compounds. The results so far obtained indicate that C. oppositifolia leaves extract could significantly reduce the viability of THP-1 cells (IC50 = 6.2 ± 1.2 µg/mL), as well as the activation of both NF-κB and AP-1 at the concentration of 2 μg/mL. Our results indicate that Nepalese C. oppositifolia is a valuable source of anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic compounds. The phytochemical composition reported here can partially justify the traditional uses of C. oppositifolia in Nepal, especially in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, although further research will be needed to assess the full potential of this species.

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LC-MSn and HR-MS characterization of secondary metabolites from Hypericum japonicum Thunb. ex Murray from Nepalese Himalayan region and assessment of cytotoxic effect and inhibition of NF-κB and AP-1 transcription factors in vitro

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis ◽

10.1016/j.jpba.2019.06.042 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 174 ◽

pp. 663-673 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Gregorio Peron ◽

Jan Hošek ◽

Sangeeta Rajbhandary ◽

Deepak Raj Pant ◽

Stefano Dall’Acqua

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factors ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Cytotoxic Effect ◽

Himalayan Region ◽

Hypericum Japonicum

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Nematicidal activity of the tropane alkaloids hyoscyamine and scopolamine against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-bja10074 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Djaafar Babaali ◽

Johannes Roeb ◽

Sabri Zaidat ◽

Bouchra Reguige ◽

Miloud Hammache ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Meloidogyne Incognita ◽

Tropane Alkaloids ◽

Datura Stramonium ◽

Nematicidal Activity ◽

Crop Damage ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Hyoscyamine And Scopolamine

Summary Alkaloids and alkaloid-producing plants have the potential to reduce crop damage by plant-parasitic nematodes. In a series of in vitro experiments, the nematicidal activity of the tropane alkaloids, hyoscyamine and scopolamine, and a mixture of both on the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, was tested. Solutions of 16 mg of compound per ml of solvent were used in concentrations of 80-1280 μg ml−1 of water. Inactivity of second-stage juveniles of M. incognita increased with increasing concentration and exposure time. Lethal concentrations (LC50) after 120 min of exposure ranged from 182.4 μg ml−1 for scopolamine to 318.4 μg ml−1 for hyoscyamine and 332.8 μg ml−1 for the combination of both alkaloids. Similarly, the same concentrations of scopolamine inhibited hatching of M. incognita to a greater extent than hyoscyamine. In a glasshouse experiment, M. incognita was not able to penetrate the roots, induce galls and reproduce on Datura stramonium, D. innoxia and D. tatula. Results indicate that the tropane alkaloids hyoscyamine and scopolamine contained in Datura plants express a strong nematicidal activity against M. incognita and could possibly be used for an alternative and sustainable nematode management.

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Differential Production of Tropane Alkaloids in Hairy Roots and in vitro Cultured Two Accessions of Atropa belladonna L. under Nitrate Treatments

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2010-5-609 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 65 (5-6) ◽

pp. 373-379 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Najmeh Ahmadian Chashmi ◽

Mozafar Sharifi ◽

Farah Karimi ◽

Hasan Rahnama

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Hairy Roots ◽

Nitrate Concentration ◽

Tropane Alkaloids ◽

Atropa Belladonna ◽

Remarkable Effect ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Potential Source ◽

Stable Production

Plants are a potential source of a large number of valuable secondary metabolites. In vitro cultures are being considered as an alternative to agricultural processes for studying valuable secondary metabolites. In this way, nutritive factors are important parameters influencing the production of these compounds in plants. Effects of nitrate concentrations (KNO3) on the production of two tropane alkaloids, hyoscyamine and scopolamine, and the growth of aerial parts and roots of two in vitro propagated accessions of Atropa belladonna and hairy roots were investigated. As hairy roots cultures are able to keep a stable production of alkaloids over long periods of subculturing, they are considered as an interesting option for the study of alkaloid biosynthesis. A hairy roots culture of Atropa belladonna was established by transformation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain AR15834. The results of our study showed that a rise in KNO3 concentration caused a decline in hairy roots growth, and had a remarkable effect on the alkaloid content. The alkaloid concentrations obtained in the hairy roots were 3 - 20 times higher than that in the plants at 35 mM of KNO3. Increasing the nitrate concentration in the medium of hairy roots also improved the hyoscyamine/scopolamine ratio, while it increased the scopolamine/hyoscyamine ratio in the studied plants.

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