scholarly journals APPROACH ON DETECTION OF SITUATION OF POTENTIAL RISK TO HEALTH, RELATED TO WATER QUALITY: AN EXAMPLE

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (29) ◽  
pp. 123-135
Author(s):  
S. DOVIDAUSKAS ◽  
I. A. OKADA ◽  
M. H. IHA ◽  
Á G. CAVALLINI ◽  
M. A. DE OLIVEIRA

This work describes the approach of a situation of potential risk to health due to nitrate contamination in water intended for human consumption, found in a study conducted in 88 municipalities in the Northeast region of the State of São Paulo (Brazil). 4,347 public water supply samples were analysed for 21 physico-chemical and 2 microbiological parameters. A municipality was distinguished from the others with regard to higher nitrate levels, while the principal components analysis showed that it belonged to a group of 14 municipalities (nitrate group). The Sanitary Surveillance Group was then contacted and, after confirmatory tests in new public water supply samples, analyses were performed on water samples from 16 wells in the county. The groundwater contamination was found, and technical meetings were held. One of the deliberations was the repetition of water analyses of the 16 wells. Consolidated results showed that the 5 wells had nitrate levels above the maximum value permitted by legislation. To mitigate nitrate groundwater contamination of that municipality actions are being taken as a result of 3 technical meetings already held. The other municipalities of the nitrate group are being monitored.

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 732-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laís Anversa ◽  
Regina Célia Arantes Stancari ◽  
Maricene Garbelotti ◽  
Luciana da Silva Ruiz ◽  
Virgínia Bodelão Richini Pereira ◽  
...  

Abstract Water is indispensable for life and its quality is directly related to public health. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in public water supply in municipalities in São Paulo State, Brazil. Analyses were carried out at the Adolfo Lutz Institute between February and December 2016, and included physicochemical (chlorine, pH, color, turbidity and nitrate), and microbiological parameters (total coliforms and Escherichia coli), as well as P. aeruginosa, with susceptibility tests to antimicrobial agents and biofilm production capacity by the strains isolated. In total, 251 water samples were evaluated and 19 (7.6%) presented P. aeruginosa. No significant differences were observed between the physicochemical parameters found in the positive and negative samples for this bacterium, but the samples containing total coliforms were also those with the highest positivity for P. aeruginosa. All samples with P. aeruginosa reported chlorine concentrations between 0.2 and 2.0 mg/L, as required by Brazilian legislation, demonstrating this bacterium's resistance to conventional water treatment processes. Although not resistant to the antimicrobials tested, most strains isolated were classified as strong biofilm producers, emphasizing the need for further studies involving water supply quality.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Margarida Horta Antunes ◽  
Ameno Bande

<p>Groundwater is vulnerable to contamination from natural and anthropogenic activities. The agricultural and human activities associated with hydrological characteristics influence the quality of groundwater. The City of Tete is in the Nharthanda Valley (Zambezi River, Central Mozambique). The city faces a set of serious structural issues of access to water such as a precarious public water supply system, including a lack of network management, water rationing, and a poor sewerage system. Groundwater is collected from the aquifer for the public water supply system of the old city of Tete and a for a traditional agro-livestock farm, which is irrigated by artesian wells. Groundwater abstraction has increased in the last few decades, and it was identified as a risk for groundwater quality and quantity. Groundwater physic-chemical and microbiological parameters obtained from fifteen boreholes and eleven wells have been determined to assess water quality. The presence of potential contaminant activities throughout the Nhartanda Valley and adjacent areas associated with contamination of the Zambezi River contribute to the degradation of water quality. The high vulnerability index for most chemical and microbiological elements indicates that groundwater is easily reached by bacteria and viruses and other potentially toxic substances. Most of the water parameters, from wells and boreholes, exceed the water referenced values allowed for human consumption and agricultural use. The protection of the Nhartanda Valley aquifer system is necessary and urgent. The identification of the most vulnerable areas provides important information for groundwater management, such as the indication of protection measures in aquifer systems.</p>


The purpose of this test was to evaluate the physicochemical (ammoniacal nitrate, nitrogen nitrate, nitrogen nitrite, pH, orthophosphate and turbidity) and microbiological parameters (Escherichia coli and total coliforms) of mineral water samples bottled trademarks and compare the results obtained with Brasilian Ministery of Healty Ordinance 2.914/11. For this purpose, it was used trademarks mineral water bottled sold in pet 300 and 500 ml bottles. For microbiological analysis it was used Colipaper (Alfakit®), and all of them the analysis of physicochemical parameters was used Ecokit II (Alfakit®). From the five mineral water bottled samples, all were within the physicochemical parameters determined by Ordinance 2.914/11. In the microbiological findings, only one sample presented Escherichia coli. Therefore, all the analyzed brands meet the required physicochemical parameters of water quality for human consumption, except brand A, which did not meet the microbiological parameters. The results demonstrates the need for confirmatory tests performed by laboratories qualified to attest the result obtained, as well as the need to implement more effective monitoring by the responsible agency for monitoring the water quality for human consumption.


Author(s):  
Isaac Madueke Nwaedozie ◽  

Heavy Metals (HM) are relatively dense metal or metalloid noted for its potential toxicity in the environment and these metals appear in the World Health Organization List of Chemicals of public health concern. Long-term exposure to HMs have been linked to slowly progressing physical, muscular and neurological degenerative processes in human that mimic Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis, liver and kidney failures as well as alterations in gene expressions. This study assessed the concentration of some HM in public water supply in Abuja Metropolis from 2015 to 2016 with the view to determining its overall percentage compliance with the WHO(2008) recommended limits for drinking water quality . The HMs selected were aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn). A representative water samples from the six locations within the study area were collected and analyzed according to the Standard Methods and Procedures. Sampling regime took place three (3) times in each sampling month from which the monthly and annual mean values were obtained and analyzed statistically. The result indicated the following mean concentrations Al (0.61±0.13mg/l), Fe (0.21±0.06mg/l), Pb (ND), Cr (ND), and Mn (0.03±0.03mg/l). The overall average percentage compliance WHO limits were Al (70.60%, Fe (85%), Pb (100%), Cr (100%) & Mn (91%) respectively. The results revealed that all the selected HMs concentration in the public drinking water within the period were within the WHO recommended aluminum concentration that was slightly above the recommended limit of 0.20mg/l. The study recommended for limit except a substitute of aluminum sulphate in public water treatment and also concluded that the selected HMs concentrations in the public water supply in Abuja Metropolis within the period were in compliance with the WHO quality for safe drinking water and therefore safe for human consumption. However, concern was raised for its aluminum level and possible health implications on long-term exposure particularly the aged population.


Author(s):  
V. Grachev ◽  
N. Kurysheva ◽  
O. Plyamina ◽  
V. Lobkovskiy ◽  
E. Nefedova

Проведенный анализ современных нормативноправовых документов и практики оценки физического износа структурно сложных объектов водопроводноканализационного хозяйства показал, что современные методы оценки не учитывают особенности этих объектов. Выявлены факторы, влияющие на структуру показателей оценки физического износа по основным группам и элементам объектов водопроводноканализационного хозяйства. На их основе разработан алгоритм оценки физического износа объектов с применением рискориентированного подхода для трех уровней: объект, технологические элементы объекта (сооружения), функциональные элементы в составе сооружений (здания, оборудование). Использование алгоритма позволяет разработать рекомендации по корректировке периодичности и частоте проведения мониторинга показателей уровня физического износа объектов централизованных систем водоснабжения и водоотведения и их элементов. Практическое применение разработанного алгоритма будет способствовать внедрению современных подходов по управлению рисками, связанными с уровнем физического износа и оценкой вероятности потенциальных негативных последствий природного, антропогенного и другого характера. Внедрение алгоритма позволит также устанавливать уязвимые области и проводить предупредительные мероприятия в отношении возникновения угрозы нарушения обязательных требований, в том числе меры по снижению рисков (техникотехнологическое обновление зданий, сооружений, оборудования). Это необходимо для объективного и обоснованного планирования капитального ремонта, восстановления и развития объектов водопроводноканализационного хозяйства и их элементов.The paper analyzes current regulatory documents and experience in the field of assessing the deterioration of structurally complex water supply and sanitation facilities. The paper shows that modern assessment procedures do not take into account any features of such objects. The paper identifies factors that affect the indicator framework for assessing the physical deterioration of the main groups and components of water supply and sanitation facilities. Based on these factors, the paper proposes an algorithm for assessing the physical deterioration of facilities using a riskoriented approach for three levels: an object itself, its engineering components (facilities), and their functional elements (buildings, equipment). The paper indicates that the use of the algorithm would provide for developing recommendations for adjusting the frequency of monitoring indicators of the physical deterioration level of facilities of public water supply and sanitation systems and their elements. The implementation of the developed algorithm would contribute to the successful introduction of advanced approaches to managing risks associated with the level of physical deterioration and assessing the probability of potential negative consequences of natural, anthropogenic, and other origins. The introduction of the algorithm would also allow identifying vulnerable areas and taking preventive measures against the threat of violation of mandatory requirements including measures for reducing risks (technical and engineering renovation of buildings, facilities, equipment). This is required for objective and substantiated planning of overhaul, restoration, and development of water supply and sanitation facilities and their components.


Public Health ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-181
Author(s):  
L Fewtrell ◽  
D Kay ◽  
M Wyer ◽  
G O’Neill

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 518-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norishige YAMAMOTO ◽  
Ken-ichi URABE ◽  
Masatoshi TAKAOKA ◽  
Kiyoaki NAKAZAWA ◽  
Atsushi GOTOH ◽  
...  

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