Experimental and theoretical study on the impact of a nitrate group on the chemistry of alkoxy radicals

The chemistry of nitrated alkoxy radicals, and its impact on RO2 measurements using the laser induced fluorescence (LIF) technique, is examined by a combined theoretical and experimental study.

The treatment of chronic wounds with boric acid polyurethane sponges combined with negative pressure wound treatment: a multi-center, prospective, randomized study

Objective: This study aimed to compare the outcomes of the use of polyurethane boric acid sponges and sponges containing silver nitrate over the negative pressure wound treatment. Materials and methods: The patients were separated as Group 1 (n:30) treated with boric acid group, and Group 2 (n:34) treated with silver nitrate group (Group 2). The wound healing of each patient was evaluated quantitatively on a cellular basis from a table of macroscopic and histopathological scoring. Results: No statistically significant difference was determined between the groups applied with boric acid and silver nitrate in respect of the culture results from the first visit (p:0.705). In the final evaluation of wound dimensions on day 21, a significant reduction was seen in wound width (p=0.001), wound length (p=0.003), and wound depth (p<0.001) in the boric acid group, and no significant results were obtained in the silver nitrate group. In the quantitative cellular evaluations, a statistically significant difference was determined in favor of the boric acid group in respect of inflammatory cell count, angiogenesis, granulation, and re-epithelialization (p<0.001 for all). Conclusion: Sponges with boric acid can have a positive effect on chronic wound recovery by improving cellular proliferation, cellular differentiation and cellular migration in addition to antimicrobial properties when used in combination with the negative pressure wound treatment system. Therefore, boric acid sponges seem to be a good alternative to silver nitrate sponges.

NITRATE CONTENT OF DRINKING WATER AND THEIR EFFECTS ON POPULATION HEALTH

The problems of drinking water quality have been considered in some settlements of the Turkivskiy district of Lviv region, in particular concerning the content of Nitrogen compounds. 20 sources of decentralized water supply were investigated. It was found that the main hydrochemical indicators of water samples mainly met the requirements for the degree of contamination of hygienic classification of water bodies. At the same time, analyzing the samples for the presence of nitrogen compounds, it was found that in the tested samples: the content of nitrate ions fluctuated within 0,02 - 016 mg/dm3 (average annual values did not exceed the permissible value); the content of ammonium ions is in the range of 0.5-2.8 mg/dm3, which did not significantly exceed the maximum permissible value. At the time, analysis for NO3- showed an excess of acceptable values in almost all samples by 1.3 у 4.2 times. It was found that the amount of nitrates decreased with the transition from the alluvial aquifers to the indigenous ones, where the average content was 108.9 mg/dm3 and 86.8 mg/dm3, respectively. This is probably due to better protection of the bedrock from surface contamination, greater capacity of the corresponding aquifers and their deeper occurrence. According to the average value of the water pollution index for the nitrate group, the studied objects of decentralized water supply belong to the second class ‒ moderately contaminated. The correlation between the water pollution index by nitrate group and the population morbidity is calculated to be direct and sufficiently high (0.73). The most associated indicators of water quality are diseases of the circulatory system, blood and hematopoietic organs, digestive organs, endocrine and urogenital systems.

Nitrate Supplementation Combined with a Running Training Program Improved Time-Trial Performance in Recreationally Trained Runners

Our purpose was to verify the effects of inorganic nitrate combined to a short training program on 10-km running time-trial (TT) performance, maximum and average power on a Wingate test, and lactate concentration ([La−]) in recreational runners. Sixteen healthy participants were divided randomly into two groups: Nitrate (n = 8) and placebo (n = 8). The experimental group ingested 750 mg/day (~12 mmol) of nitrate plus 5 g of resistant starch, and the control group ingested 6 g of resistant starch, for 30 days. All variables were assessed at baseline and weekly over 30 days. Training took place 3x/week. The time on a 10-km TT decreased significantly (p < 0.001) in all timepoints compared to baseline in both groups, but only the nitrate group was faster in week 2 compared to 1. There was a significant group × time interaction (p < 0.001) with lower [La] in the nitrate group at week 2 (p = 0.032), week 3 (p = 0.002), and week 4 (p = 0.003). There was a significant group time interaction (p = 0.028) for Wingate average power and a main effect of time for maximum power (p < 0.001) and [La−] for the 60-s Wingate test. In conclusion, nitrate ingestion during a four-week running program improved 10-km TT performance and kept blood [La−] steady when compared to placebo in recreational runners.

Tetraaqua[2,6-diacetylpyridine bis(semicarbazone)]samarium(III) trinitrate

The structure of tetraaqua[2,6-diacetylpyridine bis(semicarbazone)]samarium(III) trinitrate, [Sm(C11H15N7O2)(H2O)4](NO3)3, has monoclinic (P21/c) symmetry. The 2,6-diacetylpyridine (DAPSC) ligand is pentadentate. The coordination of the DAPSC ligand and four coordinated water molecules around the metal cation is best described as a distorted tricapped trigonal prism. The structure displays intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The structure is isomorphous with many other published lanthanide(III) nitrate salts with the DAPSC ligand, 2,6-diacetylpyridinebis(semicarbazone). One of the three nitrate counter-anions is disordered, which is consistent with the structures of other +3 lanthanide nitrate salts with DAPSC. Refinement of occupancies for the disordered nitrate group gave major and minor occupancies of 54.9 (14) and 45.1 (14)%, respectively.

APPROACH ON DETECTION OF SITUATION OF POTENTIAL RISK TO HEALTH, RELATED TO WATER QUALITY: AN EXAMPLE

This work describes the approach of a situation of potential risk to health due to nitrate contamination in water intended for human consumption, found in a study conducted in 88 municipalities in the Northeast region of the State of São Paulo (Brazil). 4,347 public water supply samples were analysed for 21 physico-chemical and 2 microbiological parameters. A municipality was distinguished from the others with regard to higher nitrate levels, while the principal components analysis showed that it belonged to a group of 14 municipalities (nitrate group). The Sanitary Surveillance Group was then contacted and, after confirmatory tests in new public water supply samples, analyses were performed on water samples from 16 wells in the county. The groundwater contamination was found, and technical meetings were held. One of the deliberations was the repetition of water analyses of the 16 wells. Consolidated results showed that the 5 wells had nitrate levels above the maximum value permitted by legislation. To mitigate nitrate groundwater contamination of that municipality actions are being taken as a result of 3 technical meetings already held. The other municipalities of the nitrate group are being monitored.