En medrivende form for knibeøvelser: Når retoriske homologier driver en designproces

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Per Liljenberg Halstrøm ◽  
Christine Isager
Keyword(s):  
Rhetorical Criticism ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Political Rhetoric ◽  
New Mothers ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Creative Development ◽  
Ernesto Laclau ◽  
Kegel Exercises ◽  
Empty Signifier ◽  
A Current

Homological analysis has played a part in rhetorical criticism to uncover unexpected common forms that connect otherwise disparate groups and contexts. This article investigates how to use homologies as discursive prototypes when designing compelling forms and developing design solutions to complex problems in a rhetorical vein. Two different cases are presented for illustration that share a focus on Kegel exercises. One is an activist campaign, a fictitious party established during the Danish national election in 2019 to counter the far-right party Stram Kurs (Hard Line) by way of humor and coordinated Kegel exercises; the other a current co-creation process in which designers and groups of new mothers explore rhetorical homologies that might motivate Kegel exercises in relation to pregnancy. These two form-oriented design processes are analyzed to discover how rhetorical homological thinking might support the creative development as well as the critical evaluation of compelling forms before they are circulated to propose surprising solutions to large and small problems in society. Keywords populism, Ernesto Laclau, antagonism, empty signifier, chains of equivalence, affect, political rhetoric

Toward an Inclusive Populism? On the Role of Race and Difference in Laclau’s Politics

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 797-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin L. McKean
Keyword(s):  
Political Practice ◽  
New Era ◽  
Ernesto Laclau ◽  
Recent Success ◽  
The People ◽  
Empty Signifier

Does the recent success of Podemos and Syriza herald a new era of inclusive, egalitarian left populism? Because leaders of both parties are former students of Ernesto Laclau and cite his account of populism as guiding their political practice, this essay considers whether his theory supports hope for a new kind of populism. For Laclau, the essence of populism is an “empty signifier” that provides a means by which anyone can identify with the people as a whole. However, the concept of the empty signifier is not as neutral as he assumes. As I show by analyzing the role of race in his theory, some subjects are constituted in a way that prevents their unmediated identification with the people. Consequently, Laclau’s view should be read as symptomatic of the problems with populist logic if its adherents are to avoid reproducing its exclusions and practice a more inclusive politics.

Ernesto Laclau and Communication Studies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannis Stavrakakis ◽  
Antonis Galanopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Nodal Point ◽  
Marxist Theory ◽  
Ernesto Laclau ◽  
The People ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
Human Reality ◽  
Mediation Processes ◽  
Empty Signifier

Arguably one of the most important political theorists of our time, Ernesto Laclau has produced an extremely influential theoretical corpus involving a multitude of methodological and political implications. His contribution is mainly focused on three fields; discourse, hegemony, and populism, all of them highly connected with communication and mediation processes. In particular, Ernesto Laclau has introduced, throughout his career, a complex conceptual apparatus (comprising concepts like articulation, the nodal point, dislocation, the empty signifier, etc.) as a result of the radicalization and re-elaboration of the Gramscian conceptualization of hegemony. According to this framework, elaborated for the first time in Hegemony and Socialist Strategy, co-authored with Chantal Mouffe (first published in 1985), discourse is a social practice that performatively shapes the social world. Human reality is thus articulated through discourse and obtains its meaning precisely through this discursive mediation. All social practices are therefore understood as discursive ones. To the extent, however, that processes of articulation are never taking place in a vacuum and are bound to involve different or antagonistic political orientations, the field of discursivity comes to be seen as a field marked throughout by the primacy of the political. As a result, any hegemony will be contingent, partial, and temporary. In addition, Laclau is one of the most well known analysts of populism, to which he has (partly) devoted two of his books, Politics and Ideology in Marxist Theory (1977) and On Populist Reason (2005). Populism, for Laclau, is designated, as expected, as discourse, as a specific way to articulate and communicate social demands as well as to form popular identities, to construct “the people.” His elaborations of populism are surely critical for the analysis of a pervasive political phenomenon of our era. All in all, the thought of Ernesto Laclau remains influential in the sphere of theory and political practice, and his theoretical arsenal will be an extremely helpful tool for academics and researchers of discourse theory and political communication.

scholarly journals Segnico, simbolico, politico

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo De Toffoli
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
The Political ◽  
Ernesto Laclau ◽  
Chantal Mouffe ◽  
Empty Signifier

This article explores some central features of the theory of signification put forward by Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe, taking into account both Hegemony and Socialist Strategy and some further reflections developed by Laclau alone. Through the analysis of the concepts of discourse, empty signifier, dislocation and antagonism it is argued that, in the discourse-theoretical framework, the Saussurean “arbitrariness of the sign” can be limited only through the symbolic unification of a discourse and the drawing of antagonistic frontiers, and that these latter processes rest on contingent decisions, that is operations pertaining to the order of the political.

scholarly journals Designing of system of educational task in the disciplines of professional and practical training for future technology teachers and professionals in vocational education

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-47
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Petrivna Dubovyk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
State Agency ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
State University ◽  
Creative Development ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Future Technology ◽  
Educational Task

The article is devoted to the design and technological training of engineering and pedagogical specialists using the system of educational technical tasks. The analysis of the concepts of "task", "educational task", "technical task". The features and content of educational tasks are disclosed. Examples of educational technical problems that are used in teaching subjects of vocational and practical training are given. . The tasks were developed for health education at a higher education (higher education) level, to recognize the specialty of the technology teacher, the education service (on the basis of the Kherson State University) and the specialty of the "State Agency". It is proved that the educational task becomes educational only in conjunction with the previous and subsequent, that is, in the task system. It is demonstrated how each next task must necessarily contain elements of the previous one, however, the conditions for their use, as well as the wording or designation of the previously discussed concepts must be new. Performing repeatedly repeated operations with the same concepts and with a variation in the initial data and the form of posing questions contributes to the development of skills to solve technical problems. It is indicated that the solution of creative problems requires a future specialist to know the basics of various sciences and skills to effectively apply knowledge in each specific situation. In particular, in solving technical problems, students use drawing knowledge (analyzing graphically given conditions of the problem, schematically depicting their sentences), in physics (mechanics, electrics and magnetism, optics), they develop personal abilities for analysis, critical evaluation, generalization, and systematization. The use of educational technical tasks in the training of future specialists is an important element of their creative development, since their solution to technical ones promotes the integrated application of students' knowledge. I’m developing a system of primary technical tasks; I’m thinking for an independent robot and for activating an initial process.

scholarly journals Terrorism and Early Childhood: Our Role on the Slippery Slope of Racism

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. p193
Author(s):  
Margaret Sims
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Political Rhetoric ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Slippery Slope ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Far Right ◽  
The People ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
Early Childhood Professionals

In this paper I argue that early childhood professionals have a key role in providing learning opportunities that aim to prevent children placing their feet on the beginning of the slippery slope of racism. At the bottom of this slippery slope of racism, as we have seen in recent world events, are acts of extremist terrorism. This responsibility is increasingly important given that in many countries political rhetoric is leaning further towards far right extremism accompanied by forms of nationalism where those who are different (for example Muslims and refugee groups) are being portrayed as threatening standards of living of citizens in their host countries. As professionals we have a responsibility to identify early (often, on the surface, benign) acts, reflect on the value position underpinning such acts, and provide opportunities for children to learn to value and respect the differences they see every day in the people around them. In this paper I provide suggestions as to the kinds of behaviours (and the value positions underpinning them) that we see in young children and the ways we might address these.

scholarly journals The (ambivalent) far-right populist stance on the European Union with the example of the Austrian party FPÖ

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
Albert Guziak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Mutual Relation ◽  
Ernesto Laclau ◽  
Political Actions ◽  
The Eu

This article explores the attitude towards the European Union represented by right-wing populist parties by the example of the Austrian Freedom Party. Due to the advanced stage of the European integration and a multitude of its positive and negative repercussions, far-right populist parties adopted an antagonistic rhetoric aiming at discrediting and limiting the influence of the EU in a country, they represent. The FPÖ skillfully shapes a Euro-sceptic discourse in Austria, embracing a populist strategy of manipulation and hostility. The populist itself is, however, far from offering a clear political vision. Based on the reflections on populism by Ernesto Laclau, elaborating on the far-right populist strategies of a former FPÖ’s leader Jörg Haider and finally confronting the party discourse with real political actions, this article constitutes an attempt to show the complexity of a mutual relation between populism and the European Union.

scholarly journals Contesting Welfare Discourses in Post-New Order Indonesia

PCD Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-157
Author(s):  
Dimpos Manalu
Keyword(s):  
Nodal Point ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Discourse Theory ◽  
New Order ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Social Safety Net ◽  
Subject Positions ◽  
Ernesto Laclau ◽  
The People ◽  
Empty Signifier

This article analyses the contestation of 'welfare' discourses in Indonesia since the fall of the New Order, employing the discourse theory offered by Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe in their Hegemony and Socialist Strategy (2001 [1985]). Its main argument is that welfare is an “empty signifier”, the meaning of which may shift or change as a consequence of the unfinished discursive contestations of various subject positions. This article identifies four central discourses, or master signifiers, between 1998 and 2015 that serve as “nodal points” in the hegemonisation of welfare: "Social Safety Net", "Creative Innovation" versus "Electoral Strategy", "Sustainable Development", and "Right of the People and Constitutional Obligation of the State". The dominant and hegemonic meaning of welfare, understood here as a “nodal point”, is only temporary; it is partially fixed, while at the same time experiencing ongoing discursive contestation. It is, is being, and will be subjected to unending dislocation.

scholarly journals Whiteness in Political Rhetoric: A Discourse Analysis of Peruvian Racial-Nationalist “Othering”

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 257-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Escobedo
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Political Rhetoric ◽  
Indigenous Language ◽  
Core Group ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Ernesto Laclau ◽  
State Agents ◽  
Racialized Other ◽  
Theory Of Discourse

Drawing upon Paulo Drinot's works on how racialized assumptions have been central to the transition toward industrialization, and neoliberalism in early 20th-, and early 21st-century Peru, respectively, this monograph analyses how contemporary powerful state agents efficiently naturalize whiteness among Peruvians by equating it with progress and constructing the non-core group as a racialized “Other”, in and through the articulation of language and meaning. I claim that direct, naked, and offensive anticommunist and anti-indigenous language is not the only, or the most efficient, way in which an antagonism is constructed in contemporary Peru. By understanding how whiteness operates in political rhetoric, we will be able to visualize more clearly how even the most common, widely accepted, and allegedly inoffensive expressions can be effective in the construction of racial antagonisms. In order to accomplish these objectives and support these claims, I will engage Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe's theory of discourse.

Resolving Crystallites in Zirconium Oxide Films

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 140-141
Author(s):  
R.A. Ploc
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Inelastic Scattering ◽  
Zirconium Oxide ◽  
Oxide Films ◽  
Optic Axis ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Microscope Objective ◽  
Linear Optic ◽  
A Current ◽  
Microscope Objective Lens

The optic axis of an electron microscope objective lens is usually assumed to be straight and co-linear with the mechanical center. No reason exists to assume such perfection and, indeed, simple reasoning suggests that it is a complicated curve. A current centered objective lens with a non-linear optic axis when used in conjunction with other lenses, leads to serious image errors if the nature of the specimen is such as to produce intense inelastic scattering.

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