scholarly journals SOME ASPECTS OF THE ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONING OF REGIONAL CONSTITUTIONAL JUSTICE IN THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 116-119
Author(s):  
M.V. Demidov ◽  
I.V. Semyonova
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Federal States ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
Federal Constitutional ◽  
Constitutional Justice ◽  
The Individual

The development of the institution of constitutional control emphasizes the importance of the Constitution as an act that establishes the basis of the legal status of the individual, the structure and relationship of state bodies and the basis of the legal status of the state at the international level. The peculiarities of the organization of the activities of specialized bodies of constitutional justice and other bodies of constitutional control in foreign countries are of considerable scientific interest. In countries with a federal form of territorial structure, both a federal body of constitutional control and similar bodies in the subjects of the federation can be created. From the point of view of the considered problems, the experience of the constitutional justice of the Federal states of Germany is instructive. The organization of their work and the results of their activities are considered to be among the most successful on the European continent. Most often, the terms of reference of the German land courts are determined by analogy with the Federal Constitutional Court. The paper notes that the experience of the functioning of constitutional justice in the federal states of Germany can be used in the organization of the system of regional constitutional control in Russia in the context of the ongoing processes of its reform.

THE RIGHT TO BE FORGOTTEN IN THE PRACTICE OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL JUSTICE BODIES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-187
Author(s):  
Evgeniya V. GERASIMOVA
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Right To Be Forgotten ◽  
Federal Constitutional ◽  
Constitutional Justice ◽  
The Right

The development of digital technologies affects the legal status of an individual. The task of constitutional justice is the constitutional interpretation of new legal phenomena such as the right to be forgotten. This article aims to analyze the right to be forgotten in the decisions of the Russian Constitutional Court and German Constitutional Court in a comparative aspect. The research methodology is primarily a dialectical method. This method helps the author to identify the content of the right to be forgotten, as well as to determine its role in relation to other constitutionally significant values. The comparative legal method is of particular importance for achieving the objectives of the research and helps to highlight the general and specific in the approaches of the courts to the concept of this right. This approach distinguishes the novelty of this research in comparison with other papers. The use of the dialectical and comparative legal research methods allows drawing the following conclusions. The distinctive feature of the right to be forgotten is its dualistic nature. On the one hand, this is a civil right associated with the right to privacy; on the other, it acts as a way to protect other constitutional rights (for example, the dignity of the individual). This right is not absolute. Some information may be of public interest. To resolve the issue of the prevailing constitutionally significant value in a particular case, the Russian Constitutional Court suggests using the method of finding a balance. The Federal Constitutional Court of Germany emphasized that the right to free personal development and dignity sometimes prevails over freedom of information, especially considering the time factor in the case, as well as the degree of harm caused to a person by links to information posted on the Internet. The German Federal Constitutional Court, characterizing the legal relationship regarding the exercise of the right to be forgotten, highlights that this is a relationship between private subjects with fundamental rights, and refers to the concept of the horizontal effect of fundamental rights (“mittelbare Drittwirkung”) developed in German constitutional law. This article concludes that the decisions of the Russian Constitutional Court and the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany on the right to be forgotten are the guidelines for other courts, as well as the legislator for further improving legal regulation. Taking into account the development of information technologies, the author believes that the constitutional courts will more than once turn to the digital aspects of the legal status of an individual and, in particular, the concept of the right to be forgotten.

scholarly journals Protección de los derechos fundamentales en la pandemia del coronavirus

2021 ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Oliver Lepsius
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
Lower Courts ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
Federal Constitutional ◽  
Executive Decision Making ◽  
Proportionality Test ◽  
The Individual

¿Ha cambiado la situación de los derechos fundamentales en tiempos de la pandemia provocada por el coronavirus? Lo cierto es que la protección de los derechos fundamentales no es una vía de un solo sentido que comienza con el individuo, sino una promesa de la Ley Fundamental que debe ser implementada por todos los poderes estatales. Todo el ordenamiento jurídico en sí debe ser libre, no solo el estatus legal del individuo. En los últimos meses, incluso la jurisprudencia de los tribunales inferiores y del Tribunal Constitucional Federal ha demostrado ser bastante débil. En opinión del autor, el mérito de haber provocado un cambio fundamental en la cultura de ejecución de toma de decisiones dentro del poder judicial corresponde al Tribunal Supremo Administrativo (en adelante OVG) de Münster, que en su «decisión Gütersloh» (OVG Münster, decisión de 29.06.2020-13 B 940/20.NE-Lockdown Gütersloh) volvió a la aplicación correcta de la prueba de proporcionalidad.Has the situation of fundamental rights changed in times of the corona pandemic? One thing is certain: the protection of basic rights is not a one-way street that begins with the individual, but a promise of the Basic Law that must be implemented by all state powers. The legal system as such, not just the legal status of the individual, should be a free one. In the last few months, even the case law of the lower courts and the Federal Constitutional Court has proven to be rather pale. The merit of having brought about a fundamental change in the executive decision-making culture within the judiciary belongs in the perception of the author to the Supreme Administrative Court (OVG) Münster, which in its «Gütersloh decision» (OVG Münster, decision of 29.06.2020 - 13 B 940 / 20.NE - Lockdown Gütersloh) showed the way back to a normal proportionality test.

scholarly journals CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL STATUS OF THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF GERMANY AND LAND CONSTITUTIONAL COURTS AND THEIR PLACE IN THE SYSTEM OF STATE AUTHORITIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (72) (2) ◽  
pp. 92-101
Author(s):  
S. G. Trifonov
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Constitutional Courts ◽  
German State ◽  
Federal Constitutional

The article examines and analyzes the legal status of the constitutional Court of the Federal Republic of Germany, examines the functions inherent in this body of constitutional jurisdiction of Germany, the features of its place in the system of bodies of the Federal German state, also pays attention to the land constitutional courts and the features of their status and functioning.

Judicial Power as Mandatory Attribute of a Constituent Entity of the Russian Federation

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 0-0 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Tsaliev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Federal Courts ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Judicial Power ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Constituent Entity ◽  
The Status ◽  
Constitutional Justice ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article criticizes the idea of territorial federalism and on the example of judicial power the author demonstrates that attempts to reduce the constitutional and legal status of constituent entities of the Russian Federation to the level of administrative-territorial units only pursue the aim to divest them of state authority and property. In order to substantiate his point of view, the author analyzes the legal status of constituent entities of the Russian Federation and notes that judicial power is defined as their mandatory attribute. The author underlines social demand and necessity in founding and functioning of constitutional (charter) courts of constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The author criticizes the draft law which proposes to exclude justices of the peace from the courts of constituent entities of the Russian Federation and grant them the status of federal courts. The author describes German experience, where constitutional justice is carried out as part of the model of a two-level constitutional control — by the Constitutional Court of the Federation and bodies of specialized constitutional justice of constituent entities as its integral part.

LEGAL STATUS OF THE SOLE EXECUTIVE BODY OF A LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia Fanilevna Aitova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Limited Liability Company ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Theory Of Law ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Executive Body

The article analyzes the issue of determining the legal status of the individual management body of a limited liability company. The author begins his research with the concept of legal status existing in the general theory of law, and then proceeds to consider the issue from the point of view of philosophical categories. In addition, the work explores the diversity of points of view existing in the doctrine regarding the legal status of the individual management body of economic societies.

Verfassungsanalogien – Das Bundesverfassungsgericht an der Grenze der Verfassungsinterpretation

Der Staat ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-41
Author(s):  
Carsten Bäcker
Keyword(s):  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Sich Eine ◽  
Statutory Interpretation ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Federal Constitutional

Analogien sind methodologisch hoch umstritten; sie bewegen sich an der Grenze der Gesetzesinterpretation. Dem methodologischen Streit um die Analogien unterliegt die Frage nach den Grenzen der Gesetzesinterpretation. In der Rechtsprechung des Bundesverfassungsgerichts finden sich eine Reihe von Verfassungsanalogien. Diese Analogien zum Verfassungsgesetz werden zwar nur selten ausdrücklich als solche bezeichnet, sie finden sich aber in einer Vielzahl von dogmatischen Konstruktionen in der Rechtsprechung – wie etwa der Erweiterung des Grundrechtsschutzes für Deutsche auf EU-Bürger oder der Annahme von Gesetzgebungskompetenzen des Bundes als Annex zu dessen geschriebenen Kompetenzen. Die Existenz derartiger Analogien zum Verfassungsgesetz verlangt nach Antworten auf die Fragen nach den Grenzen der Kompetenz zur Verfassungsinterpretation. Der Beitrag spürt diesen Grenzen nach – und schließt mit der Aufforderung an das Bundesverfassungsgericht, die Annahme von Verfassungsanalogien zu explizieren und die sich darin spiegelnden Annahmen über die Grenzen der Kompetenz zur Verfassungsinterpretation zu reflektieren. Constitutional analogies. The Federal Constitutional Court at the limit of constitutional interpretation From a methodological point of view, the use of analogies in legal argument is highly controversial, for they reach to the limits of statutory interpretation. Underlying the methodological dispute over analogies is the question of what the limits of statutory interpretation are or ought to be. A number of analogies from constitutional law can be found in the case law of the Federal Constitutional Court. Although these analogies to constitutional law are rarely explicitly designated as such, in the case law they can be found in a variety of dogmatic constructions – for example, in the extension of Germans’ fundamental rights protection to EU citizens, or the assumption of legislative powers of the federal state as an appendix to its written powers. The existence of such analogies to constitutional law calls for answers to the question of the limits of the power to interpret the Constitution. It is the aim of this article to trace these limits, and in its conclusion it calls on the Federal Constitutional Court to explicate the adoption of analogies in constitutional law and to reflect on the assumptions found therein – respecting the limits of the power to interpret the Constitution.

scholarly journals RESEÑA de : Pérez Tremps, Pablo. Sistema de justicia constitucional. Madrid : Cívitas, 2010

2011 ◽  
pp. 656
Author(s):  
Mario Hernández Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Case Law ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Reference Book ◽  
Constitutional Justice

Sistema de justicia constitucional, collects the most basic and essential contents about the Spanish constitutional justice from a describing point of view, which are complemented by a judgment about the acquired achievements and criticisms of this crucial institution. It conciliates an easy explanation and description of the sense and powers of the Constitutional Court, suitable for students or unversed readers on constitutional justice, with the rigor, synthesis and a carefully selected case law and bibliography that every reference book must possess.Sistema de Justicia Constitucional sintetiza todos los aspectos más básicos e imprescindibles sobre la justicia constitucional española desde un punto de vista descriptivo, completados por una valoración sobre los logros y críticas de esta institución clave en sus treinta años de funcionamiento. Consigue conciliar la sencillez en la explicación y descripción del sentido y funciones del Tribunal Constitucional, idónea para estudiantes o lectores ajenos a la justicia constitucional, con el rigor, síntesis y cuidadosa selección de jurisprudencia y bibliografía que toda obra de referencia ha de gozar.

The German Sub-national Government Bond Market: Structure, Determinants of Yield Spreads and Berlin’s Forgone Bail-out

2009 ◽  
Vol 229 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Schulz ◽  
Guntram B. Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Corporate Bond ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Yield Spreads ◽  
Federal States ◽  
German Federal States ◽  
Federal Constitutional ◽  
Commercial Paper ◽  
City State

SummaryThe paper presents a new and comprehensive data set of all bonds issued by the sixteen German federal states (Länder) since 1992. It thus provides a complete picture of a capital market comparable in size to the combined corporate bond and commercial paper market in Germany. The quantitative analysis reveals that Länder follow different issuing strategies: while some concentrate to a greater extent on large issues or issue joint bonds with other Länder (Jumbos), others rely more on comparatively small but frequent issues. Moreover, some Länder issue a significant volume-share of their bonds in foreign currencies. Suitable bonds are used to compute time series of yields for the respective Länder at a daily frequency as well as a liquidity measure. Based on the unique data set, we document that spreads of Länder yields to the Bund are driven to a great extent by general risk aversion. Public debt only has an economically marginal impact. Moreover, the recent refusal of the Federal Constitutional Court to grant additional federal funds to the city-state of Berlin did not change the risk assessment of German Länder by financial markets. Recent market turbulences have manifestly contributed to widening spreads as well as increased responsiveness of Länder spreads to international measures of risk aversion.

David Currie and German Constitutional Law

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2081-2094
Author(s):  
Peter E. Quint
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Major Work ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
Federal Constitutional ◽  
German Constitutional Court ◽  
German Constitutional Law ◽  
Constitutional Jurisprudence

Without much doubt, the two great pillars of American scholarship on the German Basic Law and the jurisprudence of the Federal Constitutional Court are (in the order of first appearance) Donald Kommers's monumental casebook, The Constitutional Jurisprudence of the Federal Republic of Germany and David Currie's magisterial treatise, The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Germany. Professor Kommers's comprehensive work was a milestone in a long career that has been very substantially devoted to the study of German constitutional law. In the late 1960s, Kommers spent a research year at the German Constitutional Court and, drawing in part on personal interviews with the justices, he published the first major work in English on that court. Since then, Kommers has produced a steady stream of significant works on German constitutional law.

The Effects of the Judgments of the European Court of Human Rights According to the German Constitutional Court

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 513-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Tomuschat
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
European Court ◽  
German Constitutional Court ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Willingness To Cooperate

The Federal Republic of Germany counts among the earliest States parties to the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). It ratified the ECHR on 5 December 1952, three years ahead of Italy, and hence found itself among the original members of the treaty system when the ECHR entered into force on 3 September 1953. For the new democratic Government, it was a decision of principle to affirm its willingness to cooperate peacefully within the group of European States, submitting to an international review mechanism with regard to all of its activities. Therefore, very shortly afterwards, it accepted also the individual application under Article 25 ECHR, which at that time was not yet compulsory for all States parties. For many years under the Nazi dictatorship, Germany had brought death and destruction to its neighbours. Now, organized under a democratic and liberal constitution, the Basic Law (BL), it wanted to manifest its newfound identity as a civilized State abiding by the rule of law.

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