scholarly journals Evolution of head-shaft angle and neck-shaft angle in childhood

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-441
Author(s):  
Pieter Van Geel ◽  
Wilfried Cools ◽  
Armand Laumen
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Neck Shaft Angle ◽  
High Negative Correlation ◽  
Random Slope ◽  
Random Intercept ◽  
Shaft Angle ◽  
Head Shaft Angle

The current retrospective study investigates the natural evolution of head-shaft angle (HSA) and neck-shaft angle (NSA) in childhood. It is not known if a high HSA in early childhood leads to a high HSA in adulthood. This study aims to characterize the evolution of HSA and compares it with the more commonly known NSA in healthy children. We measured radiographs of 84 different healthy hips of children between 3 and 14.5 years old who underwent at least 2 radiographs of the pelvis, corresponding to 286 measurements. We used a linear mixed model to determine the covariance between random intercept and slope while allowing each individual hip to change over time. The covariance for HSA between random intercept and random slope was -4.262 (p < 0.001), corresponding to a high negative correlation of -0.717, for NSA -2.754 (p = 0.031) or a high negative correlation of -0.779. HSA and NSA were strongly correlated, a value of 0.736 (p < 0.001) was measured. The high negative correlation for random intercept and random slope means that the higher the initial value (intercept), the steeper the decline (slope). Therefore HSA decreases faster in hips with high HSA at an early age. Hips with high HSA in early childhood do not necessarily lead to hips with high HSA in adulthood. Our results may aid in future clinical decision making in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) with high HSA in particular.

scholarly journals Effect of positioning error on the Hilgenreiner epiphyseal angle and the head-shaft angle compared to the femoral neck-shaft angle in children with cerebral palsy

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily S. Sullivan ◽  
Carly Jones ◽  
Stacey D. Miller ◽  
Kyoung Min Lee ◽  
Moon Seok Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Positioning Error ◽  
Neck Shaft Angle ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Shaft Angle ◽  
Head Shaft Angle

The head–shaft angle of the hip in early childhood

2015 ◽  
Vol 97-B (9) ◽  
pp. 1291-1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. van der List ◽  
M. M. Witbreuk ◽  
A. I. Buizer ◽  
J. A. van der Sluijs
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Shaft Angle ◽  
Head Shaft Angle

scholarly journals Reconstruction of the Hip in Multiple Hereditary Exostoses

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 490
Author(s):  
Dong Hoon Lee ◽  
Dror Paley
Keyword(s):  
Hip Joint ◽  
Joint Involvement ◽  
Neck Shaft Angle ◽  
Multiple Hereditary Exostoses ◽  
Femur Neck ◽  
Radiographic Outcomes ◽  
Surgical Dislocation ◽  
Center Edge ◽  
Shaft Angle ◽  
Coxa Valga

The hip joint involvement in multiple hereditary exostoses (MHE) occurs in 30–90%, causing pain and limitation of motion by femoroacetabular impingement, coxa valga, acetabular dysplasia, hip joint subluxation, and osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of ten hips in seven patients treated by surgical dislocation and corrective osteotomies between 2004 and 2009. Surgical dislocation and excision of the osteochondromas and varus intertrochanteric osteotomies were performed in all cases when the neck–shaft angle was > 150°. Common sites of osteochondromas were medial, posterior, and anterior neck of the femur. Neck–shaft angle of the femur was improved from a mean of 157° to 139°, postoperatively. On an average, the center-edge angle improved from 20° to 30° postoperatively. We believe that Ganz’s safe surgical dislocation technique is the preferred treatment of MHE. This safeguards the circulation of the femoral head and the osteochondromas can be resected under direct vision. It can be combined with additional corrective osteotomies because the hip affected by MHE is frequently associated with dysplastic changes which can result in premature osteoarthritis.

scholarly journals Changes in epigenetic profiles throughout early childhood and their relationship to the response to pneumococcal vaccination

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Pischedda ◽  
Daniel O’Connor ◽  
Benjamin P. Fairfax ◽  
Antonio Salas ◽  
Federico Martinon-Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Immune System ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections

Abstract Background Pneumococcal infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young children and immaturity of the immune system partly underlies poor vaccine responses seen in the young. Emerging evidence suggests a key role for epigenetics in the maturation and regulation of the immune system in health and disease. The study aimed to investigate epigenetic changes in early life and to understand the relationship between the epigenome and antigen-specific antibody responses to pneumococcal vaccination. Methods The epigenetic profiles from 24 healthy children were analyzed at 12 months prior to a booster dose of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13), and at 24 months of age, using the Illumina Methylation 450 K assay and assessed for differences over time and between high and low vaccine responders. Results Our analysis revealed 721 significantly differentially methylated positions between 12 and 24 months (FDR < 0.01), with significant enrichment in pathways involved in the regulation of cell–cell adhesion and T cell activation. Comparing high and low vaccine responders, we identified differentially methylated CpG sites (P value < 0.01) associated with HLA-DPB1 and IL6. Conclusion These data imply that epigenetic changes that occur during early childhood may be associated with antigen-specific antibody responses to pneumococcal vaccines.

The association between femoral neck shaft angle and degenerative disease of the hip in a cadaveric model

2021 ◽  
pp. 112070002110130
Author(s):  
Leigh-Anne Tu ◽  
Douglas S Weinberg ◽  
Raymond W Liu
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Head ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Hip Osteoarthritis ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Femoral Head Coverage ◽  
Neck Shaft Angle ◽  
Hip Arthritis ◽  
Femoral Version ◽  
Shaft Angle ◽  
The Impact

Background: While the influences of acetabular dysplasia and overcoverage on hip arthritis have been studied, the impact of femoral neck-shaft angle on hip arthritis is much more poorly understood. The purpose of this study is to determine if a relationship exists between neck shaft angle and the development of osteoarthritis, a better understanding of which would be useful to surgeons planning osteotomies about the hip. Methods: 533 cadaveric femora and acetabulae (1066 total) from the Hamann-Todd Osteological Collection (Cleveland, OH) were acquired. We measured true neck shaft angle using an AP photograph with the femoral neck parallel to the table. Femoral head volume to acetabular volume ratio, representing femoral head coverage, as well as femoral version were utilised. Correlation between neck shaft angle, femoral version, femoral head coverage and osteoarthritis were evaluated with multiple regression analysis. Results: The mean age and standard deviation was 56 ± 10 years. There were 64 females (12%) and 469 males. There were 380 Caucasians (71%) and 153 African-Americans. Mean femoral version was 11° ± 12° and mean true neck shaft angle was 127.7° ± 5.9° There was a strong correlation between age and arthritis (standardised beta 0.488, p < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between increasing true neck shaft angle and decreasing hip arthritis (standardised beta -0.024, p = 0.038). In the femoral head overcoverage subset, increasing true neck shaft angle was still significantly associated with decreasing hip arthritis (standardised beta −0.088, p = 0.018), although this relationship was not significant with femoral head undercoverage subset. Conclusions: With sufficient acetabular coverage, a relative increase in femoral neck shaft angle within the physiologic range is associated with decreased hip osteoarthritis. Clinical relevance: An understanding of the relationship between femoral neck shaft angle and hip osteoarthritis could be useful for surgeons planning pelvic or proximal femur osteotomies in children.

scholarly journals Femoral Version, Neck-Shaft Angle, and Acetabular Anteversion in Chinese Han Population

Medicine ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 94 (21) ◽  
pp. e891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Jiang ◽  
Lin Peng ◽  
Mohammed Al-Qwbani ◽  
Guo-Ping Xie ◽  
Qin-Meng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Han Population ◽  
Acetabular Anteversion ◽  
Chinese Han ◽  
Han Population ◽  
Neck Shaft Angle ◽  
Femoral Version ◽  
Shaft Angle

The effect of neck-shaft angle, glenosphere size, and cup depth on contact mechanics in reverse shoulder arthroplasty

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. e320-e322
Author(s):  
G. Daniel G. Langohr ◽  
Ryan Willing ◽  
John B. Medley ◽  
James A. Johnson ◽  
George S. Athwal
Keyword(s):  
Contact Mechanics ◽  
Shoulder Arthroplasty ◽  
Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty ◽  
Neck Shaft Angle ◽  
Shaft Angle

Pediatric reference interval verification for endocrine and fertility hormone assays on the Abbott Alinity system

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Kathryn Bohn ◽  
Siobhan Wilson ◽  
Alexandra Hall ◽  
Khosrow Adeli
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Abbott Architect

Abstract Objectives The Canadian Laboratory Initiative on Pediatric Reference Intervals (CALIPER) has developed an extensive database of reference intervals (RIs) for several biomarkers on various analytical systems. In this study, pediatric RIs were verified for key immunoassays on the Abbott Alinity system based on the analysis of healthy children samples and comparison to comprehensive RIs previously established for Abbott ARCHITECT assays. Methods Analytical performance of Alinity immunoassays was first assessed. Subsequently, 100 serum samples from healthy children recruited with informed consent were analyzed for 16 Alinity immunoassays. The percentage of test results falling within published CALIPER ARCHITECT reference and confidence limits was determined. If ≥ 90% of test results fell within the confidence limits, they were considered verified based on CLSI guidelines. If <90% of test results fell within the confidence limits, additional samples were analyzed and new Alinity RIs were established. Results Of the 16 immunoassays assessed, 13 met the criteria for verification with test results from ≥ 90% of healthy serum samples falling within the published ARCHITECT confidence limits. New CALIPER RIs were established for free thyroxine and prolactin on the Alinity system. Estradiol required special considerations in early life. Conclusions Our data demonstrate excellent concordance between ARCHITECT and Alinity immunoassays, as well as the robustness of previously established CALIPER RIs for most immunoassays, eliminating the need for de novo RI studies for most parameters. Availability of pediatric RIs for immunoassays on the Alinity system will assist clinical laboratories using this new platform and contribute to improved clinical decision-making.

Streptococcus Mutans Strains in Mother-Child Pairs of Children with Early Childhood Caries

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 252-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Subramaniam ◽  
Revathy Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Only Children ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Childhood Caries

Objective: Dental caries is both an infectious and transmissible disease. Maternal transfer of Mutans Streptococci occurs at an early age and is important in the initiation of dental caries in children. The aim of this study was to identify certain strains of Streptococcus mutans in mother-child pairs, of children with early childhood caries. Study design: Sixty mother-child pairs of healthy children aged 18–36 months were selected. Mothers with high levels of Streptococcus mutans in their saliva and only children with ECC were included. Dental plaque samples were collected from mother-child pairs. The plaque samples were stored, transferred to the laboratory and analyzed for Streptococcus mutans strains c, f, e and k, present in mother-child pairs using Real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. Data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis for level of similarity in Streptococcus mutans strains present in mother-child pairs. Results: A similar distribution of Streptococcus mutans strains c, f and k was identified in 28 mother-child pairs. Streptococcus mutans strain e was seen in 18 pairs. Conclusion: Less than 50% of mother-child pairs showed similarity in distribution of Streptococcus mutans strains.

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