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2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bracha Schindler ◽  
Efrat Gavish-Regev ◽  
Tamar Keasar

In order to integrate parasitoid wasps in agroecosystems as biological control agents, we need to understand how insecticides affect the parasitoids in the crops and their surroundings. We investigated the non-target effect of Indoxacarb, an insecticide commonly used against European grapevine moth, on parasitoid wasp communities in vineyards. We focused on characterizing: 1. The dynamics of common wasp species, and 2. Wasp abundance and species richness in the vineyard center, edge, and nearby natural area. Seven vineyards, with neighboring natural areas, were sampled before, and up to 2 weeks after, Indoxacarb applications over 2 years. We expected initial negative effects of spraying in the vineyard with some effect of Indoxacarb drift into the natural habitat, followed by wasp recovery, first in natural areas, then at the vineyard edge and finally in the center. Sticky traps were hung at the vineyard edge and center to evaluate migration into and out of the vineyard. Vacuum sampling was used to obtain parasitoid total abundance and species richness, and the abundances of four common species (43% of the wasps collected). From the vacuum samples we found that total wasp abundance and richness declined after spraying in the vineyards’ margins and center but rose over time in the natural area. Vineyard wasp abundance was restored to pre-spraying levels within 2 weeks. Among the abundant species, Trichogramma sp. and Telenomus sp., which parasitize lepidopteran hosts, declined after spraying, and Trichogramma sp. recovered more quickly than Telenomus sp. Two other abundant species, Lymaenon litoralis and Oligosita sp., did not decline after spraying. In the sticky traps, wasp abundance increased at the vineyard edge but not center after spraying, suggesting that there was migration of wasps at the vineyard edge, into or out of the crop. The results indicate an effect of Indoxacarb on the parasitoid wasp community, particularly on parasitoids of lepidopterans, the target group of Indoxacarb. The results also indicate a potential for recovery of the parasitoid community through migration from neighboring natural vegetation.


2022 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 104266
Author(s):  
Yi Chen ◽  
Ying Ge ◽  
Guofu Yang ◽  
Zhaoping Wu ◽  
Yuanyuan Du ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Siwoo Byun

Edge computing refers to decentralized computing technology to reduce cloud computing's overload or security problems that redirect local data to a central data center. Edge computing is emerging as a technology that complements cloud computing in an IoT environment where huge amounts of data are generated in real time. Recently, solid state drives using flash memory have recently been recognized as a suitable storage for massive IoT data services. In this study, we propose a new data recovery scheme based on shadow paging using flash memory for effective and safe data services in IoT edge gateways. The proposed scheme recycles invalidated old data blocks that are discarded when new data is stored. Thus, The proposed scheme minimizes the burden of additional storage space required to traditional shadow paging schemes, and reduces I/O performance degradation. Simulation results show that the space gain of the proposed scheme reaches even to 29%.


Author(s):  
Alison J Dittmer Flemig ◽  
Anthony Essilfie ◽  
Brandon Schneider ◽  
Stacy Robustelli ◽  
Ernest L Sink

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to report on the use of image analysis technology to enhance accuracy of intra-operative imaging and evaluation of periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) correction. This was a retrospective study reporting on the first 25 cases of PAO performed with the use of an image analysis tool. This technology was used intra-operatively to assess the position of the supine coronal image in comparison to pre-operative standing images using a ratio of pelvic tilt (PT). Intra-operative PT, Tönnis angle, lateral center–edge angle (LCEA) and anterior wall index were compared to post-operative images. Post-operative radiographic parameters in the study group were compared with a control group of PAO cases performed prior to the implementation of the new software. The image analysis software was able to obtain intra-operative supine imaging that was equivalent to pre-operative standing imaging. When comparing the PAOs performed with the use of the software versus those without, the study group trended toward being more likely within the surgeon’s defined target range of radiographic values, which was statistically significant for LCEA. This tool can be used to assure the surgeon that the intra-operative image being used for surgical decision-making is representative of the functional radiograph. PAOs performed with the use of this technology showed enhanced accuracy of surgical correction for the parameters within our defined target ranges. This may increase the ability of the surgeon to place the acetabular fragment more precisely within his or her goal parameters for acetabular reorientation correction.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Tassinari ◽  
Federica Mariotti ◽  
Francesco Castagnini ◽  
Stefano Lucchini ◽  
Francesco Perdisa ◽  
...  

Abstract Purpose The aim is to compare the results of isolated hip arthroscopy in patients with borderline dysplasia with Lateral center edge angle (LCEA) between 18° and 25° with a control group of patients with normal LCEA (> 25°). Methods Fifty hip arthroscopies performed in 45 patients were retrospectively evaluated. Exclusion criteria were: age > 40, hip arthritis > grade 2 according to Tonnis classification, femoral head avascular necrosis, pediatric’s orthopaedics conditions and true dysplasia with LCEA < 18°.Two groups were identified: group A with 15 hips with LCEA between 25° and 18° and Group control B made of 35 hips with LCEA > 25°. Results The groups were homogeneous for demography and pre-operative WOMAC and HOOS. Osteoplasty for CAM were performed in 100% of patients in both groups, only in 12 hips (34.4%) in group B we had both femoral and acetabular osteoplasty. Labral repair was performed in 86% of patients in group A, in 60% of patients in group B, capsular plication in 93% of group A, in 5% of case of group B. WOMAC and HOOS statically significant improved in both groups at final follow-up (24 months). No cases in both groups required conversion to total hip arthroplasty. Clinical outcomes of study group were comparable to the control group. Conclusion Even if the present small series is not conclusive, we suggest isolated arthroscopic management of patients with FAI and LCEA between 18° and 25°, but capsular plication and careful labral management are strongly recommended. Level of evidence Level IV.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junmin Shen ◽  
Ti Zhang ◽  
Yu Dong ◽  
Yanchao Zhang ◽  
Yonggang Zhou ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: We aimed to (1) evaluate the acetabular morphologic variations of Crowe III hips; (2) study the influence of different morphologies on the cup position in total hip arthroplasty.Methods: From November 2008 to February 2019, we retrospectively evaluated 101 patients (110 hips) with Crowe III developmental dysplasia of the hip. We classified Crowe III hips into two subtypes, the IIIA when the acetabular roof was extensively deficient and the junction between the false and the true acetabulum was indistinct, and the IIIB when there is a significant crest between the false and the true acetabulum. Based on the radiographs, we measured the morphological characteristic of the acetabulum and the postoperative cup position.Results: The false acetabulum of IIIB hips had larger Tonnis angle and smaller center-edge angle than the IIIA hips. The width of true acetabular roof in the IIIB hips was thicker than the IIIA group. Fifty-one (100%) IIIA hips and 48 (81.4%) IIIB hips were reconstructed using high hip center while 11 (18.6%) IIIB hips were reconstructed anatomically. The mean vertical distance of center of rotation in the IIIA group was 33.5±4.5 mm while it was 31.2±6.3 mm in the IIIB group (p=0.040). The vertical distance of the hip center was positively correlated with the height of dislocation in the IIIA group (r=0.493, p<0.001). According to the four-zone system, in the IIIA group, 5 hips were located in the inferomedial zone, 23 hips in the superomedial zone, 22 hips in the superolateral zone and 1 hip in the inferolateral zone. In the IIIB group, the corresponding numbers were respectively 15, 17, 1 and 5. Compared with the IIIA group, there were more IIIB hips located in the inferomedial zone (p=0.008) and less in the superolateral zone (p=0.033).Conclusions: There are distinct morphologic subtypes based on the relationship between the false and the true acetabulum. More bone stock located in the superior wall of the true acetabulum can bring more possibilities for anatomical reconstruction, and lower the height of center of rotation when using high hip center.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Kroeger ◽  
Chelle Gentemann ◽  
Marisol García-Reyes ◽  
Sonia Batten ◽  
William Sydeman

Oceanic features, such as mesoscale eddies that entrap and transport water masses, create heterogeneous seascapes to which biological communities may respond. To date, however, our understanding of how internal eddy dynamics influence plankton community structuring is limited by sparse sampling of eddies and their associated biotic communities. In this paper, we used 10 years of archived Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) data (2002-2013) associated with 9 mesoscale eddies in the Northeast Pacific/Gulf of Alaska to test the hypothesis that eddy origin and rotational direction determines the structure and dynamics of entrained plankton communities. Using generalized additive models and accounting for confounding factors (e.g., timing of sampling), we found peak diatom abundance within both cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies near the eddy edge. Zooplankton abundances, however, varied with distance to the eddy center/edge by rotational type and eddy life stage, and differed by taxonomic group. For example, the greatest abundance of small copepods was found near the center of anticyclonic eddies during eddy maturation and decay, but near the edge of cyclonic eddies during eddy formation and intensification. Distributions of copepod abundances across eddy surfaces were not mediated by phytoplankton distribution. Our results therefore suggest that physical mechanisms such as internal eddy dynamics exert a direct impact on the structure of zooplankton communities rather than indirect mechanisms involving potential food resources.


2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652110361
Author(s):  
Deepak V. Chona ◽  
Paul D. Minetos ◽  
Christopher M. LaPrade ◽  
Mark E. Cinque ◽  
Geoffrey D. Abrams ◽  
...  

Background: Hip dislocation is a rare occurrence during sports but carries serious implications for athletes. Purpose: To systematically review treatment strategies and outcomes for hip dislocation in athletes, with the ultimate goal of providing sports medicine physicians with the information necessary to appropriately treat and counsel patients sustaining this injury. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase were searched for studies relating to hip instability and athletics from January 1, 1989 to October 1, 2019. Abstracts and articles were evaluated on the basis of predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria were the following: (1) data from ≥1 patients, (2) native hip dislocation or subluxation occurring during sports, (3) patients aged at least 10 years, and (4) written in English. Exclusion criteria were (1) patients younger than 10 years; (2) nonnative or postoperative hip dislocation or subluxation; (3) a native hip injury without dislocation or subluxation; (4) patients with dislocation or subluxation secondary to neuromuscular, developmental, or syndromic causes; (5) dislocation or subluxation not occurring during sports; (6) patients with physeal fractures; or (7) review articles or meta-analyses. Data were recorded on patient demographics, injury mechanism, treatment strategies, and clinical and radiographic outcomes. Where possible, pooled analysis was performed. Studies were grouped based on reported outcomes. Meta-analysis was then performed on these pooled subsets. Results: A total of 602 articles were initially identified, and after screening by 2 reviewers, 27 articles reporting on 145 patients were included in the final review. There were 2 studies that identified morphological differences between patients with posterior dislocation and controls, including decreased acetabular anteversion ( P = .015 and .068, respectively), increased prevalence of a cam deformity ( P < .0035), higher alpha angles ( P≤ .0213), and decreased posterior acetabular coverage ( P < .001). No differences were identified for the lateral center edge angle or Tonnis angle. Protected postreduction weightbearing was most commonly prescribed for 2 to 6 weeks, with 65% of reporting authors recommending touchdown, toe-touch, or crutch-assisted weightbearing. Recurrence was reported in 3% of cases. Overall, 4 studies reported on findings at hip arthroscopic surgery, including a 100% incidence of labral tears (n = 27; 4 studies), 92% incidence of chondral injuries, 20% incidence of capsular tears, and 84% incidence of ligamentum teres tears (n = 25; 2 studies). At final follow-up, 86% of patients reported no pain (n = 14; 12 studies), 87% reported a successful return to play (n = 39; 10 studies), and 11% had radiographic evidence of osteonecrosis (n = 38; 10 studies). Conclusion: Various treatment strategies have been described in the literature, and multiple methods have yielded promising clinical and radiographic outcomes in patients with native hip dislocation sustained during sporting activity. Data support nonoperative treatment with protected weightbearing for hips with concentric reduction and without significant fractures and an operative intervention to obtain concentric reduction if unachievable by closed means alone. Imaging for osteonecrosis is recommended, with evidence suggesting 4- to 6-week magnetic resonance imaging and follow-up at 3 months for those with suspicious findings in the femoral head.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-296
Author(s):  
Nariman Abol Oyoun ◽  
Mohamed Khaled ◽  
Hesham Mohamed Elbaseet ◽  
Abdel Khalek Hafez Ibrahim

BACKGROUND: Shelf acetabuloplasty covers the hip and allows remodeling in hips with Legg-Calv-Perthes disease and hinge abduction. Graft resorption or breakage is a bad complication that necessitate another surgical procedure. AIM: Our report evaluates a modified Staheli technique for graft resorption or breakage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Case series study of 31 hips (29 patients) with mean age at operation was 8.1 (range 6-14 years). Duration of complaint ranged between one year and up to three years with the mean duration 1.52 0.76 years. The different parameters evaluating the hip as: Tnnis angle, Sharp angle, center-edge angle, and acetabular coverage percentage were measured. For unilateral cases only, medial joint space ratio and epiphyseal height ratio were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean postoperative follow-up was 47.8 9.8 months. All studied joints had Catterall type IV, Salter-Thompson classification type B. Seven joints were in Fragmentation stage whereas 24 joints were in re-ossification stage. Based on Lateral Pillar classification; only two joints were classified as B/C and 29 joints were classified as C. Final follow up internal rotation, abduction, center-edge angle, and acetabular coverage percentage were found to be significantly higher. In contrast, Tnnis angle and Sharps angle were significantly decreased. For unilateral cases, it was found that medial joint space ratio and epiphyseal height ratio were significantly decreased. None of the hips had resorbed or broken graft till final follow up. CONCLUSIONS: This modified Staheli technique prevent graft resorption or breakage. Shelf provides a good acetabular coverage for the deformed aspherical head with Legg-Calv-Perthes disease and hinge abduction to improve hip clinical and radiological outcome.


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