Study the Polymerization Kinetics of Polyaniline by UV-Vis and HPLC and Determination of the Thermodynamic Functions using Coats-Redfern Equation from TGA Curves

2021 ◽  
pp. 4117-4121
Author(s):  
Juhaina Alghdir ◽  
Ahmad Falah ◽  
Sameh Hamo
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Functions ◽  
Reaction Order ◽  
Thermal Dissociation ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Order Reaction ◽  
Zero Order Reaction ◽  
Mathematical Equations ◽  
Kinetics Of

This study includes the preparation of the polyaniline at the laboratory temperature in an acidic medium. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis of Polyaniline shows smooth surface and uniform nanoparticles formation with diameters of 56.4 to 90 nm. The polymerization of polyaniline kinetics was studied with two methods: UV-Vis, HPLC. Then the polymerization of polyaniline reaction order was determined and it was the zero-order reaction (n=0) in both of the previous two methods. The study of thermal dissociation indicates the temporal stability of chemicals, and study the decomposition kinetics to determine the thermodynamic functions of material disintegration. There are many methods use mathematical equations applied to TGA to study this phenomenon. The thermodynamic functions of the prepared polymers such as (G*, S*, H*) were determined based on Coats-Redfern equation from TGA curves of the compounds at each step of the disintegration.

Preparation of Poly(aniline-co-phenol) and Study Its Properties and Its Polymerization Kinetics Using Two Methods: UV-Vis and HPLC

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-505
Author(s):  
Juhaina Alghdir and Ahmad Falah Juhaina Alghdir and Ahmad Falah
Keyword(s):  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Reaction Order ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Melting Transition ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Zero Order Reaction ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Poly Aniline

The co-polymerization of polyaniline is one of the most important methods used to improve the electrical activity and thermal stability of polyaniline. Previously, electrochemical co-polymerization of phenol and aniline was performed on 304 stainless steel anodes. In this study, we present the co-polymerization of aniline and phenol chemically at laboratory temperature in an acidic medium with ammonium pyrosulfate as an oxidant. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis of poly(aniline-co-phenol) sample shows a rough (non-smooth) surface with crystalline particles with microscopic diameters. We characterized the prepared polymer with DSC, DTA, and thermos gravimetric analysis (TGA). We found that the thermal decomposition of poly(aniline-co-phenol) was on six steps. The glass transition temperature of the co-polymer (Tg) was found at 863.89 and#176;C and the melting transition temperature was observed at 877.80 and#176;C. We studied the kinetics of Poly(aniline-co-phenol) using two methods: UV-Vis, HPLC. Then we determined the reaction order. It was found that the reaction was the zero-order reaction (n=0) in both previous two methods.

The Reaction Kinetics of Aluminum and Isopropanol

2012 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Xiu Hui Wang ◽  
Huan Huan Ni ◽  
Ye Cao ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
Hong Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Catalytic Mechanism ◽  
Reaction Order ◽  
Order Reaction ◽  
Zero Order ◽  
Zero Order Reaction ◽  
Kinetics Of

AlCl3was used as catalyst in the reaction. The reaction kinetics of aluminum and isopropanol was investigated in this paper. Metallograph showed that the surface of the aluminum bar had corrosive pitting. The reaction was zero order reaction when aluminum was overdosed. Reaction order was 0.75 when isopropanol was overdosed. Finally, catalytic mechanism of AlCl3was investigated and the reaction of corrosive pitting was the same as that in microbattery.

The Characteristics and Kinetics of 4-CP with Pb2+ Biodegradation by Fusarium sp.

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 2506-2509
Author(s):  
Xiao Xiao Wang ◽  
Xiao Qin Yu ◽  
Jun Ya Pan ◽  
Ji Wu Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Kinetic Equations ◽  
Order Reaction ◽  
Zero Order ◽  
Biodegradation Rate ◽  
Reaction Equation ◽  
Zero Order Reaction ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Additional Carbon Source

The effects of Pb2+concentration, pH and additional carbon source on biodegradation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) byFusariumsp. were investigated, and the characteristic and kinetic of 4-CP biodegradation were analyzed. It was concluded that 4-CP biodegradation rate byFusariumsp. decreased a little at concentration of Pb2+0.20 mg/L and 4-CP 50 mg/L. The suitable biodegradation pH was range from 6 to 7. Additional carbon source (phenol) might increase the rate of 4-CP biodegradation. The kinetic equations of 4-CP biodegradation were well accord with the zero order reaction equation at different concentration of Pb2+.

Studies in the Vulcanization of Rubber. III—Kinetics of Vulcanization of Rubber with Sulfur and Selenium

1930 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 650-659
Author(s):  
John T. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Order Reaction ◽  
Order Equation ◽  
Second Order Reaction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Mathematical Basis ◽  
First Order ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Kinetics Of Vulcanization

Abstract A procedure for the determination of combined selenium in rubber has been evolved. The rate of combination of selenium and rubber has been ascertained under certain conditions and shown to follow a first-order equation. A minimum value for the molecular weight of rubber has been estimated. The formation of hard rubber under chosen experimental conditions has been put on a mathematical basis and has been shown to follow a second-order reaction. The soft- and hard-rubber reactions have been shown qualitatively to be successive reactions and the function of accelerators has been discussed. The theory explains the anomalous results obtained by previous investigators.

Pseudo-Homogenous Kinetics Model for the Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate from Urea and Methanol with Heterogeneous Catalyst

2011 ◽  
Vol 233-235 ◽  
pp. 481-486
Author(s):  
Wen Bo Zhao ◽  
Ning Zhao ◽  
Fu Kui Xiao ◽  
Wei Wei
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Activation Energy ◽  
Dimethyl Carbonate ◽  
Side Reaction ◽  
Order Reaction ◽  
Zero Order ◽  
Kinetics Model ◽  
First Order ◽  
Zero Order Reaction ◽  
Kinetics Of

The synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from urea and methanol includes two main reactions: one amino of urea is substituted by methoxy to produce the intermediate methyl carbamate (MC) which further converts to DMC via reaction with methanol again. In a stainless steel autoclave, the kinetics of these reactions was separately investigated without catalyst and with Zn-containing catalyst. Without catalyst, for the first reaction, the reaction kinetics can be described as first order with respect to the concentrations of methanol and methyl carbamate (MC), respectively. For the second reaction, the results exhibit characteristics of zero-order reaction. Over Zn-containing catalyst, the first reaction is neglected in the kinetics model since its rate is much faster than second reaction. After the optimization of reaction condition, the macro-kinetic parameters of the second reaction are obtained by fitting the experimental data to a pseudo-homogenous model, in which a side reaction of DMC synthesis is incorporated since it decreases the yield of DMC drastically at high temperature. The activation energy of the reaction from MC to DMC is 104 KJ/mol while that of the side reaction of DMC is 135 KJ/mol.

Synthesis and Determination of the Kinetic Parameters for Non-Isothermal Decomposition of Complexes Ln(thd)3phen

2006 ◽  
Vol 530-531 ◽  
pp. 506-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilton Silva Lopes ◽  
Crislene Rodrigues da Silva Morais ◽  
A.G. de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Lanthanide Complexes ◽  
Reaction Order ◽  
Decomposition Reaction ◽  
Cylindrical Symmetry ◽  
Boundary Reaction ◽  
Phase Boundary Reaction ◽  
Kinetics Of

In this work the kinetics of the thermal decomposition of two ß-diketone lanthanide complexes of the general formula Ln(thd)3phen (where Ln = Nd+3 or Tm+3, thd = 2,2,6,6- tetramethyl-3,5-heptanodione and phen = 1,10-phenantroline) has been studied. The powders were characterized by several techniques. Thermal decomposition of the complexes was studied by non-isothermal thermogravimetry techniques. The kinetic model that best describes the process of the thermal decomposition of the complexes it was determined through the method proposed by Coats-Redfern. The average values the activation energy obtained were 136 and 114 kJ.mol-1 for the complexes Nd(thd)3phen and Tm(thd)3phen, respectively. The kinetic models that best described the thermal decomposition reaction the both complexes were R2. The model R2 indicating that the mechanism is controlled by phase-boundary reaction (cylindrical symmetry) and is defined by the function g(α) = 2[1-(1-a)1/2], indicating a mean reaction order. The values of activation energy suggests the following decreasing order of stability: Nd(thd)3phen > Tm(thd)3phen.

scholarly journals Kinetika Reaksi Hidrolisis Pati Biji Alpukat (Persea americana Mill) dengan Katalis HCl

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-131
Author(s):  
Sitti Rahmawati ◽  
Asnila Asnila ◽  
Suherman Suherman ◽  
Paulus Hengky Abram
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Order ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Hydrolysis Reaction ◽  
Starch Hydrolysis ◽  
First Order ◽  
Graph Method ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Avocado Seed

One of the plants that can be used as raw material for making sugar is plants that contain starch content such as avocado seeds. This study aims to determine the reaction order, the reaction rate constant from the hydrolysis of avocado seed starch using HCl. The method of this research is to determine the optimum concentration of HCl hydrolysis reaction from avocado seed starch using various concentrations of HCl (0.5 M; 1 M; 1.5 M; 2 M; 2.5 M) at the optimum temperature and stirring time (90oC for 70 minute). The hydrolysis process was followed by neutralization using 5 M NaOH solution and evaporated to obtain concentrated glucose, glucose was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by the Benedict method and the phenol sulfuric acid method. Based on the results of the maximum glucose levels obtained from the hydrolysis of variations in the concentration of HCl avocado seed starch, HCl 1.5 M. Furthermore, determine the kinetics of the starch hydrolysis reaction using time variations (30, 40, 50, 60 and 70) minutes at 90oC and concentrations The HCl 1.5 M. reaction order is determined by the intral method and the graph method. Determination of the first order graph method is done by plotting the value of ln [A] versus time, while the second order by plotting the value of 1 / [A] versus time. The first order with a 93% confidence level was obtained from the value of R2 = 0.9312, while the second order was 85% obtained from the value of R2 = 0.8581. Determination of the order of the integral method k value tends to remain in the first order formula with an average of k = 0.01962 minutes-1. Based on the two methods, it can be determined that the kinetics of the avocado seed starch hydrolysis reaction follows a first-order reaction.

scholarly journals Studi Kinetika Efektifitas Minyak Daun Cengkeh (Syzigium aromaticum) Sebagai Antifungi Candida albicans

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
Rustam Musta ◽  
Laily Nurliana
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Reaction Order ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Order Reaction ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Fungal Activity ◽  
Reaction Constants ◽  
Anti Fungal

Kinetic studies effectiveness clove leaf (Syzigium aromaticum) oil as antifungal Candida albicans have been done. The study have purpose to determine the reaction order, reaction constants (k) and relationship the concentration of clove leaf (Syzigium aromaticum) oil every time (At) with the initial concentration of of clove (Syzigium aromaticum) oil (Ao) and time (t) and equipped determination of the minimum concentration of clove leaf (Syzigium aromaticum)oil effective anti-fungus Candida albicans. The results shows the anti-fungal activity clove leaf (Syzigium aromaticum) oil on Candida albicans for each variation of the concentration 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% are 14.2 mm, 12.2 mm, 10.8 mm and 10.4 mm respectively. Reaction order as antifungal of the clove leaf (Syzigium aromaticum) oil on Candida albicans is 0.2112 with k = 5.0594. The minimum concentration of clove leaf (Syzigium aromaticum) oil as anti-fungal Candida albicans is 17.86%.

scholarly journals Kinetics of aflatoxin B1 and G2 adsorption on Ca-clinoptilolite

2000 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 715-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Dakovic ◽  
Magdalena Tomasevic-Canovic ◽  
Vera Dondur ◽  
Aleksandra Vujakovic ◽  
Predrag Radosevic
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Order Reaction ◽  
Active Centers ◽  
Fast Reaction ◽  
First Order ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Zero Order Reaction ◽  
Rate Method ◽  
Adsorption Rates ◽  
Kinetics Of

The kinetics of aflatoxins B1 and G2 adsorption on Ca-clinoptilolite at pH2 and 7, in aqueous electrolyte at 37?C were studied. For both aflatoxins, the adsorption process begins with a fast reaction whereby most of the toxin is adsorbed in the first few minutes. This fast process is followed by the significantly slower process of aflatoxin bonding at active centers of mineral adsorbent. The initial rate method showed that the fast adsorption process of aflatoxin ?1 and G2, at both pH values is a first order reaction, while the slow adsorption process of these aflatoxins is a zero order reaction. The adsorption indexes and adsorption rates for both examined toxins were pH dependent. In the investigated initial toxins concentration ranges (500-3000 ?g/dm3), high adsorption indexes were achieved (> 80 %).

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