Antidiabetes effect of Noni Fruit (Morinda citrifolia L.) on mice with Oral Glucose Tolerance Method and Streptozotocin Induction Method

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a problem that deserves attention because of its increasing prevalence every year. The prevalence of DM based on WHO in 2030 is predicted to reach 366 patients. Epidemiologically, it is estimated that in 2030 the prevalence of DM in Indonesia reaches 21.3 million people. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of glycosides from noni fruit on reducing blood sugar levels in normal rats induced by diabetes by the method of glucose tolerance and induction of streptozotocin (STZ). Antidiabetic effect testing was divided into 8 groups namely 4 groups for oral glucose tolerance test in male mice (positive control group, negative control group, glycoside control group, and normal group), 4 other groups for testing with STZ induction (positive control group, positive control group, negative control, glycoside control group, and normal group). Oral glucose tolerance test results on normal mice showed that glycosides from noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia L.) gave significantly different results with negative controls at minute 30 is 0.036 (p <0.05) and were not significantly different from positive controls (0.462) subsequently at 120 minutes the results showed that the glycoside group was significantly different from the negative group (0.028) and not significantly different from the positive group (0.261). Tests with STZ induction method showed that the decrease in the level of blood sugar induced by the glycoside group was not significantly different (p> 0.05) with the positive group on day 1 (0.056), day 3 (0.168), and day 7(0.141) so that it could be concluded that the glycosides from Noni fruit with a dose of 150mg/kg body weight provides antidiabetic activity.

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STUDY OF THE SPECIFIC ACTIVITY OF THE PHYTOCOMPOSITION ON THE DEXAMETHASONE-INDUCED INSULIN RESISTANCE

Medical and Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.11603/mcch.2410-681x.2021.i2.12233 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 5-14

Author(s):

A. I. Dub ◽

I. M. Klishch ◽

L. V. Vronska ◽

I. P. Stechyshyn

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Glucose Tolerance Test ◽

Specific Activity ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Positive Control ◽

Positive Control Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽

Experimental Group

Introduction. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) has recently become an epidemic in the population. There are approximately 463 million patients in the world, and according to experts from the International Diabetes Federation, it is expected to increase to 700 million people by 2045, of which more than 90 % will fall on DM2. Despite the significant progress made in studying the pathogenesis of DM, the presence of a wide range of antidiabetic drugs, diabetes remains an acute medical and social problem. The aim of the study – to investigate the specific activity of the phytocomposition, which contains dry extracts of white mulberry leaves (Morus alba L.), common beans shells (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), bilberry sprouts (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) in the experimental model of insulin resistance caused by dexamethasone injections. Research Methods. The experiments were performed on male rats aged three months and weight (200±20) g. Experimental animals were divided into the following groups: negative and positive control, two reference groups, which received Arfazetin and metformin respectively, and experimental group, which received phytocomposition. Insulin resistance was modeled by intramuscular administration of glucocorticosteroid dexamethasone (0.125 mg/kg daily for 13 days in the morning). The state of glucose homeostasis was assessed by changes in basal glycemia and under oral glucose tolerance test, short insulin and adrenalin test. Functional glycemic coefficients were also calculated. Statistical processing was performed using computer programs IBM SPSS Statistics v.10.1 and MS Excel 2010. Results and Discussion. Basal glycemia after modeling insulin resistance in the experimental group, which received the phytocomposition, was significantly lower by 19.0 % from the positive control group and did not differ from the activity of metformin. During the oral glucose tolerance test, the phytocomposition significantly inhibited the growth of glycemia in all studied periods relative to the indicators of the positive control group. Functional glycemic coefficients, which were obtained based on test data, did not exceed the norm. Insulin sensitivity under the influence of phytomedicine increased by 16.2 % above the positive control group, indicating inhibition of insulin resistance development under its influence. The studied phytocomposition inhibited the development of adrenaline glycemia by 42.9, 70.2 % after 30 and 90 min, respectively, relative to the positive control group, which corresponds to the indicators of the negative control group and reference group, which received Arfazetin, but this decrease is not enough to exceed the effect of metformin. Conclusions. The obtained results indicate that the studied phytocomposition inhibits the development of insulin resistance and carbohydrate tolerance in the conditions of insulin resistance caused by the introduction of dexamethasone.

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Effects of resistance exercise on glucose tolerance in normal and glucose-intolerant subjects

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1994.77.3.1087 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 77 (3) ◽

pp. 1087-1092 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

J. D. Fluckey ◽

M. S. Hickey ◽

J. K. Brambrink ◽

K. K. Hart ◽

K. Alexander ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽

Glucose Tolerance Test ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽

Young Control ◽

Control Subjects

This study was conducted to determine whether improvements in glucose tolerance could be observed after a single bout of resistance exercise in young (27.1 +/- 1.24 yr) control subjects, older (53.3 +/- 1.7 yr) patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and older (50.7 +/- 1.9 yr) age-matched control subjects. Each subject was screened for fitness level and any contraindications to exercise before inclusion in the study. A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was administered 2 wk after the subjects were screened, and the subjects were familiarized with the exercise equipment. The maximum weight that could be lifted with one repetition was determined on seven Nautilus machines that utilized the upper and lower body. After a 48-h rest period, a 3-set x 10-repetition protocol based on the subject's one repetition maximum was completed by each participant on each machine. Eighteen hours after the lifting protocol, a second oral glucose tolerance test was administered. There was no change in the pre- to post-exercise glucose levels in any of the treatment groups, but the total insulin responses (area under the curve) of the young control and NIDDM groups were significantly lower after exercise: from 6.93 +/- 0.8 x 10(3) to 5.38 +/- 0.65 x 10(3) pM in the young control group and from 9.83 +/- 1.95 x 10(3) to 7.77 +/- 1.50 x 10(3) pM in the NIDDM group. The postexercise C-peptide levels were unchanged in all groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Changes in Metabolites During an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Early and Mid-Pregnancy: Findings from the PEARLS Randomized, Controlled Lifestyle Trial

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo10070284 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 284

Author(s):

Danielle E. Haslam ◽

Jun Li ◽

Liming Liang ◽

Marijulie Martinez ◽

Cristina Palacios ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bile Acid ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽

Glucose Tolerance Test ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽

Time Points

The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is used to diagnose gestational and other types of diabetes. We examined metabolite changes during an OGTT, and how a comprehensive diet and physical activity intervention may influence these changes in a population of overweight/obese Hispanic pregnant women. Integration of changes in metabolites during an OGTT may help us gain preliminary insights into how glucose metabolism changes during pregnancy. Among women from the Pregnancy and EARly Lifestyle improvement Study (PEARLS), we measured metabolites during a multipoint OGTT (fasting, 30, 60 and 120 min) at early and mid-pregnancy. Metabolite levels were measured by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry in plasma samples in the lifestyle intervention (n = 13) and control (n = 16) arms of the study. A total of 65 candidate metabolites were selected that displayed changes during an OGTT in previous studies. Paired and unpaired t-tests were used to examine differences in Δfast-120 min: (1) at early and mid-pregnancy; and (2) by intervention assignment. We applied principal component analysis (PCA) to identify those metabolites that differed by intervention assignment and OGTT time points. Most of the characteristic changes in metabolites post-OGTT were similar at both gestational time points. PCA identified characteristic metabolite patterns associated with OGTT time points at both early and mid-pregnancy. These metabolites included ketone bodies, tryptophan, acyl carnitines, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and biomarkers related to bile acid, urea cycle, arginine, and proline metabolism. PCA identified distinct Δfast-120 min in fatty acid, acyl carnitine, bile acid, ketone body, and amino acid levels at mid- compared to early pregnancy. Participants in the intervention group did not display mean decreases in Δfast-120 min of several long-chain acyl carnitines that were observed in the control group. These findings provide preliminary insight into metabolites, whose role in increased insulin resistance during pregnancy, should be explored further in future studies.

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