scholarly journals An Autopsy Study of Atherosclerotic Changes in Coronary Arteries at B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Sudhir Raman Parajuli ◽  
Bishwonath Yadav ◽  
Prahlad Karki ◽  
Paricha Upadhyaya ◽  
Shivendra Jha
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Conventional Technique ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Autopsy Study ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Atherosclerosis is a giant killer and the incidence of atherosclerosis in coronary arteries is rapidly increasing. The study was designed to assess the atherosclerotic lesions in coronary artery and to correlate the risk factors related to prevalence of atherosclerosis. Methods: Heart from 100 medico legal autopsy cases ranging between ages 15 to 35 years which came to BPKIHS Dharan were taken for this study and processed for coronary arteries using conventional technique. They were then studied,and grading was done based on Modified American Heart Association (AHA) classification of atherosclerosis. Results: Intimal thickening was noted in more than 90% in all three coronary arteries followed by intimal xanthoma whereas intermediate lesion for atherosclerosis was not found. Age, gender, smoking and alcohol in relation to atherosclerosis were found to be of no significance. Conclusion: The study highlights the impact of atherosclerotic lesions in the Eastern region of Nepal. Meticulous postmortem examination along with histopathological study is the best possible way to study atherosclerotic disease in humans and risk factors associated with it.

scholarly journals A Pathological Study of the Epidemiology of Atherosclerosis in Mexico City

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Rodríguez-Saldaña ◽  
Marcela Rodriguez-Flores ◽  
Carlos Cantú-Brito ◽  
Jesús Aguirre-Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Forensic Service

Objective. To examine the frequency and patterns of association of cardiovascular risk factors with atherosclerosis in five different arterial territories at post-mortem in Mexico City.Methods. We obtained five arterial territories arteries (circle of Willis, coronary, carotid, renal, and aorta) of 185 men and women 0 to 90 years of age who underwent autopsy at the Medical Forensic Service of Mexico City. We determined the prevalence and extent of atherosclerotic lesions by histopathology according to the classification of the American Heart Association as early (types I–III) and advanced (types IV–VI), and according to the degree of stenosis and correlated with cardiovascular risk factors.Results. Atherosclerotic lesions were identified in at least one arterial territory in 181 subjects (97.8%), with involvement of two ore more territories in 178 subjects (92.2%). Advanced lesions were observed in 36% and 67% of subjects under 15 and between 16 and 35 years, respectively. Any degree of atherosclerosis was associated with the presence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, overweight, obesity, and smoking, and to a greater extent with the presence of two or more risk factors (P<0.001). However, emerging and advanced athersoclerosis was observed in 53% and 20% people with no risk factors.Conclusions. The study shows a high prevalence of atherosclerosis in all age groups and both sexes. There is considerable development of atherosclerotic disease in subjects without known risk factors.

Epidemiology

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel Arden ◽  
Michael C. Nevitt
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Combined Structure ◽  
The Impact

Despite the impact of osteoarthritis (OA) on patients and the health service, OA remains an elusive condition to define and treat. Traditionally, OA has been diagnosed using radiographs and more recently magnetic resonance imaging; however, the last 20 years of research have changed our thinking about the disease and its treatment. We know today that OA takes up to 10–15 years to develop, has a range of risk factors, and that there is a considerable discordance between symptoms and structural signs, such that new classifications and definitions are moving away from structural criteria to combined structure and pain definitions. This chapter reviews the definition and classification of OA and its prevalence, incidence, and natural history.

scholarly journals Environmental regulation and financial performance of Chinese listed companies

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0244083
Author(s):  
Bing Zhou ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Sidai Guo ◽  
Mingxia Hu ◽  
Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Chinese Listed Companies ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Objective The answer to this article lies in: Does the financial activities of physical enterprises have an adverse impact on their main business? Is it conducive to the sustainable development of the national economy? However, when most scholars study the impact of environmental regulations on companies performance, they have not classified companies performance. This article will study the relationship between environmental regulations and performance levels based on the classification of companies performance, and then divide the nature of industry pollution, companies location and nature of property for in-depth research. Methods First, this article uses a random effect variable-intercept model to measure companies financial performance and non-financial performance. Then, the variables are divided into two variable groups: light pollution and heavy pollution according to the nature of industry pollution. Next, the companies are divided into three variable groups: the eastern region, the central region, and the western region. Finally, the company is divided into two variable groups: state-owned and non-state-owned according to the nature of property. Conclusions The study found that: (1) Environmental regulations have inhibited companies financial activities. And the inhibitory effect of environmental regulations on the financial performance of enterprises is more obvious in the heavily polluting industries and enterprises in central and eastern regions. (2) Environmental regulations and companies non-financial performance are also negatively related, environmental regulations have also inhibited the non-financial performance of companies, this effect is more pronounced in heavily polluting industries and enterprises in western regions. (3) Income crowding effect brought by China's environmental regulations is greater than the income compensation effect brought by stimulating technological innovation.

Quantifying the Motion of Murine Epicardial Coronary Arteries

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Long ◽  
Hui Zhu ◽  
Morton H. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Mechanical Stresses ◽  
Intimal Thickening ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis ◽  
Obesity Hypertension ◽  
Accumulation Of Lipids

Coronary artery atherosclerosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in western societies. Atherosclerosis is a progressive fibroinflammatory disease identified by intimal thickening, the focal accumulation of lipids, fibrous elements, and cellular elements within the walls of large arteries. These lesions preferentially develop at arterial branches, the outer walls of bifurcations, and the inner walls of curved sections; the cause of this focal vasculopathy is not fully understood. It is, however, understood from epidemiological and clinical studies that individual susceptibility to the development and progression of atherosclerotic lesions is influenced by “traditional” systemic risk factors, including smoking, diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension, and high cholesterol. However, these risk factors cannot account for half of the variability in occurrence of this disease; this indicates additional risk factors have not been identified. One prevalent explanation of the focal nature of the disease is that the local fluid mechanical stresses at the walls of coronary arteries, as well as mechanical stresses within the vessel wall, may mediate the phenotype of endothelial cells thereby producing atherosusceptible sites. Therefore, it has been speculated [1] that certain aspects of arterial geometry and motion, which vary substantially among individuals, may increase an individual’s susceptibility to developing atherosclerosis — “geometric risk factors”.

scholarly journals Titanium Cervical Cage Subsidence: Postoperative Computed Tomography Analysis Defining Incidence and Associated Risk Factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 219256822110468
Author(s):  
Zachariah W. Pinter ◽  
Ryder Reed ◽  
Sarah E. Townsley ◽  
Anthony L Mikula ◽  
Lauren Dittman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Height Loss ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cage Subsidence ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
The Impact

Study Design Retrospective cohort study Objective Substantial variability in both the measurement and classification of subsidence limits the strength of conclusions that can be drawn from previous studies. The purpose of this study was to precisely characterize patterns of cervical cage subsidence utilizing computed tomography (CT) scans, determine risk factors for cervical cage subsidence, and investigate the impact of subsidence on pseudarthrosis rates. Methods We performed a retrospective review of patients who underwent one- to three-levels of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) utilizing titanium interbodies with anterior plating between the years 2018 and 2020. Subsidence measurements were performed by two independent reviewers on CT scans obtained 6 months postoperatively. Subsidence was then classified as mild if subsidence into the inferior and superior endplate were both ≤2 mm, moderate if the worst subsidence into the inferior or superior endplate was between 2 to 4 mm, or severe if the worst subsidence into the inferior or superior endplate was ≥4 mm. Results A total of 51 patients (100 levels) were included in this study. A total of 48 levels demonstrated mild subsidence (≤2 mm), 38 demonstrated moderate subsidence (2-4 mm), and 14 demonstrated severe subsidence (≥4 mm). Risk factors for severe subsidence included male gender, multilevel constructs, greater mean vertebral height loss, increased cage height, lower Taillard index, and lower screw tip to vertebral body height ratio. Severe subsidence was not associated with an increased rate of pseudarthrosis. Conclusion Following ACDF with titanium cervical cages, subsidence is an anticipated postoperative occurrence and is not associated with an increased risk of pseudarthrosis.

“A STUDY OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS OF RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY AND THORACIC AORTA IN POST MORTEM CASES”

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-73
Author(s):  
Thushara K ◽  
Rupashree S ◽  
Chidananda P S ◽  
Ramesh Babu K
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Right Coronary Artery ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesion ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Luminal Narrowing

Background: Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease which primarily affects the intima of large and medium sized muscular arteries, commonly involving aorta, coronary arteries and cerebral arteries. The contribution of atherosclerosis in morbidity and mortality of young adults is on the rise. Objective: To demonstrate histopathological spectrum of atherosclerotic lesions in Right Coronary Artery and Thoracic aorta and to compare the age, gender and BMI variation in prevalence of atherosclerotic lesions. 150 specime Materials And Methods: ns of heart with intact coronary arteries and thoracic aorta received by Department of pathology, Shimoga Institute of Medical Sciences, Shivamogga. Heart was grossly examined and sections were taken from Right Coronary Artery and Thoracic Aorta which were processed and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin. Microscopically typing of the atherosclerotic lesion was made using American Heart Association classication of atherosclerosis. Of the Results: 150 cases, males 91% and females 9% were affected. Majority of the cases were in the age group of 30-40 years (33.33%) and BMI range of 18.6- 24.9 (72.67%). Commonest type of atherosclerosis in Right coronary artery was type 5 (Fibroatheroma) (25.33%) and in Thoracic aorta was type 3 (Preatheroma) (30%). Grade 1 Luminal narrowing (1-25% obstruction) was most commonly seen in Right coronary Artery (50% cases). Conclusion: Due to increase in cardiac death rates screening of cardiovascular risk factors, preventive measures, life style modication and having healthy dietary habits should be implemented early in 3rd decades of young Indians to retard the progression of atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Risk factors of incident in-hospital pulmonary embolism and its outcomes: autopsy study data

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
O. Ya. Vasiltseva ◽  
I. N. Vorozhtsova ◽  
A. V. Krestinin ◽  
E. V. Stefanova ◽  
R. S. Karpov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Pulmonary Thromboembolism ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Autopsy Study ◽  
Autopsy Data ◽  
Medical Histories ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
The Impact

Aim. Based on the autopsy data, to investigate the role of various risk factors (RFs) in the development of the incident cases of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) and their outcomes among the patients who died in Tomsk City hospitals (2003-2010). Material and methods. The analysed data came from autopsy protocols and medical histories of all patients (n=651) who had PTE diagnosed prior to or after death and who died in Tomsk hospitals between March 1st 2003 and December 31st 2010. The pathologoanatomical examination used the total evisceration technique by Shor. Data analysis was performed with the Pentium-V software package “Statistica for Windows”. The impact of RFs and treatment on the PTE outcome was assessed in a statistical model. Results. The presence of two or three RFs was associated with a higher risk of fatal in-hospital PTE. Overall, the risk of fatal PTE was explained by RF patterns (56,0%), inadequate treatment (43,9%), and other factors (0,1%). Conclusion. The identified features of the impact of RFs and medical treatment on the PTE outcome in Tomsk hospitals (2003-2010) should be taken into consideration when planning the strategy of improving the effectiveness of diagnostics, prevention, and treatment programmes.

scholarly journals Can a nurse-led community-based model of hypertension care improve hypertension control in Ghana? Results from the ComHIP cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e026799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alma J Adler ◽  
Amos Laar ◽  
David Prieto-Merino ◽  
Reina M M Der ◽  
Debbie Mangortey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Steering Committee ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Hypertension Control ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
High Loss ◽  
Referral Tool ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of the Community-based Hypertension Improvement Project (ComHIP) in increasing hypertension control.SettingLower Manya Krobo, Eastern Region, Ghana.ParticipantsAll adult hypertensive community members, except pregnant women, were eligible for inclusion in the study. We enrolled 1339 participants, 69% of whom were female. A total of 552 had a 6-month visit, and 338 had a 12-month visit.InterventionsWe report on a package of interventions where community-based cardiovascular disease (CVD) nurses were trained by FHI 360. CVD nurses confirmed diagnoses of known hypertensives and newly screened individuals. Participants were treated according to the clinical guidelines established through the project’s Technical Steering Committee. Patients received three types of reminder and adherence messages. We used CommCare, a cloud-based system, as a case management and referral tool.Primary outcomeHypertension control defined as blood pressure (BP) under 140/90 mm Hg. Secondary outcomes: changes in BP and knowledge of risk factors for hypertension.ResultsAfter 1 year of intervention, 72% (95% CI: 67% to 77%) of participants had their hypertension under control. Systolic BP was reduced by 12.2 mm Hg (95% CI: 14.4 to 10.1) and diastolic BP by 7.5 mm Hg (95% CI: 9.9 to 6.1). Due to low retention, we were unable to look at knowledge of risk factors. Factors associated with remaining in the programme for 12 months included education, older age, hypertension under control at enrolment and enrolment date. The majority of patients who remained in the programme were on treatment, with two-thirds taking at least two medications.ConclusionsPatients retained in ComHIP had increased BP control. However, high loss to follow-up limits potential public health impact of these types of programmes. To minimise the impact of externalities, programmes should include standard procedures and backup systems to maximise the possibility that patients stay in the programme.

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