Differential Expression of CXCR4 in Conventional High-grade and Low-grade Central Osteosarcoma and Its Prognostic Implications

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Hye-Rim Park ◽  
Jinwon Seo ◽  
Patrizia Bacchini ◽  
Franco Bertoni ◽  
Yong-Koo Park
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Prognostic Implications

scholarly journals CK20 and CK5/6 Immunohistochemical Staining of Urothelial Neoplasms: A Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mohammed Akhtar ◽  
Sameera Rashid ◽  
Mohamed Ben Gashir ◽  
Noheir Mostafa Taha ◽  
Issam Al Bozom
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
The Family ◽  
Prognostic Implications ◽  
Umbrella Cells ◽  
Proper Interpretation ◽  
Aggressive Clinical Behavior

Cytokeratins belong to the family of intermediate filaments. They are expressed in a highly specific manner in epithelial cells where they play a crucial role in the integrity and mechanical stability of the cells. Several types of cytokeratins have been described in normal as well as neoplastic urothelium. In the case of urothelial neoplasms expression of CK20 and CK5/6 has been shown in several studies to have diagnostic and prognostic implications. Thus, low-grade urothelial carcinoma manifests CK expression limited to the umbrella cells, while high-grade tumors usually have an expression in the entire thickness of the urothelium except for the basal layer. CK5/6 expression on the other hand is expressed in the basal cells in all low-grade and some high-grade urothelial carcinomas. Diffuse CK20 staining accompanied by loss of CK5/6-positive basal layer is usually associated with aggressive clinical behavior. Double staining of the slides for these cytokeratins may facilitate proper interpretation and correlation.

scholarly journals Differential Expression of sst1, sst2A, and sst3Somatostatin Receptor Proteins in Low-Grade and High-Grade Astrocytomas

2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Mawrin ◽  
Solveig Schulz ◽  
Steffen U. Pauli ◽  
Tim Treuheit ◽  
Sabine Diete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Receptor Proteins

Differential expression of PD-L1 expression in high grade T1 (HGT1) v. muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma (MIUC) and its prognostic implications.

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 4535-4535
Author(s):  
Stephanie A. Mullane ◽  
Lillian Werner ◽  
Anna Orsola ◽  
Jesse Novak ◽  
Toni K. Choueiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Prognostic Implications ◽  
Muscle Invasive

Differential Expression of PD-L1 in High Grade T1 vs Muscle Invasive Bladder Carcinoma and its Prognostic Implications

2017 ◽  
Vol 198 (4) ◽  
pp. 817-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie A.M. Wankowicz ◽  
Lillian Werner ◽  
Anna Orsola ◽  
Jesse Novak ◽  
Michaela Bowden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Bladder Carcinoma ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Prognostic Implications ◽  
Muscle Invasive

scholarly journals Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Prostate Tissue Specimens Identifies Deregulated Protein Complexes in Primary Prostate Cancer

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Zhou ◽  
Yiwu Yan ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Sungyong You ◽  
Michael R. Freeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Ppi Network ◽  
Normal Prostate ◽  
Tissue Specimens ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Mass Spectrometry

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed non-skin cancer and a leading cause of mortality among males in developed countries. However, our understanding of the global changes of protein complexes within PCa tissue specimens remains very limited, although it has been well recognized that protein complexes carry out essentially all major processes in living organisms and that their deregulation drives the pathogenesis and progression of various diseases. By coupling tandem mass tagging-synchronous precursor selection-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (TMT-SPSMS3) with differential expression and co-regulation analyses, the present study compared the differences between protein complexes in normal prostate, low-grade PCa, and high-grade PCa tissue specimens. Globally, a large downregulated putative protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was detected in both low-grade and high-grade PCa, yet a large upregulated putative PPI network was only detected in high-grade but not low-grade PCa, compared with normal controls. To identify specific protein complexes that are deregulated in PCa, quantified proteins were mapped to protein complexes in CORUM, a collection of experimentally verified mammalian protein complexes. Differential expression analysis suggested that mitochondrial ribosomes and the fibrillin-associated protein complex were significantly overexpressed, whereas the ITGA6-ITGB4-Laminin10/12 and the P2X7 receptor signaling complexes were significantly downregulated, in PCa compared with normal prostate. Moreover, differential co-regulation analysis indicated that the assembly levels of some nuclear protein complexes involved in RNA synthesis and processing were significantly increased in low-grade PCa, and those of mitochondrial complex I and its subcomplexes were significantly increased in high-grade PCa, compared with normal prostate. In summary, the study represents the first global and quantitative comparison of protein complexes in prostate tissue specimens. It is expected to enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying PCa development and progression in human patients, as well as lead to the discovery of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for precision management of PCa.

scholarly journals Differential expression of NF-κB heterodimer RelA/p50 in human urothelial carcinoma

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sankari Durairajan ◽  
Charles Emmanuel Jebaraj Walter ◽  
Mary Divya Samuel ◽  
Dinesh Palani ◽  
Dicky John Davis G ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Malignant Cell ◽  
Immunohistochemical Localization ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Cytoplasmic Expression ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Muscle Invasion

Background Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the fifth most common malignancy that accounts for 5% of all cancers. Diagnostic markers that predict UC progressions are inadequate. NF-κB contributes towards disease progression upon constitutive activation in many solid tumors. The nuclear localization of NF-κB indicates increased transcriptional activity while cytoplasmic localization indicates the inactive protein repository that can be utilized readily by a malignant cell. This study delineates the nuclear and cytoplasmic differential expression of NF-κB heterodimers in UC progression. Methods The involvement of the NF-κB proteins in UC was analyzed in silico using cytoscape. The expression of NF-κB heterodimers was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results PINA4MS app in cytoscape revealed over expression of RelA and suppression of NF-κB1 (p50 precursor) in UC whereas the expression of NF-κB target proteins remained unhindered. Immunohistochemical localization showed nuclear RelA/p50 in low grade UC whereas in high grade only RelA expression was observed. Conversely, cytoplasmic expression of RelA/p50 remained extensive across high and low grade UC tissues (p < 0.005). RelA nuclear and cytoplasmic expression (p < 0.005) was directly proportional to the disease progression. In our study, some of the high-grade UC tissues with squamous differentiation and muscle invasion had extensive nuclear p50 localization. The phenomenon of RelA/p50 expression seen increased in low-grade UC than high grade UC might be due to their interaction with other members of NF-κB family of proteins. Thus, NF-κB RelA/p50 differential expression may play a unique role in UC pathogenesis and can serve as a biomarker for diagnosis.

Klinische Wertigkeit der Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie (PET) bei onkologischen Fragestellungen: Ergebnisse einer interdisziplinären Konsensuskonferenz

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (02) ◽  
pp. 42-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bares ◽  
U. Bull ◽  
A. Guhlmann ◽  
E. Moser ◽  
M. F. Wannenmacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Klinische Anwendung ◽  
Wissenschaftliche Studien

Zusammenfassung Ziel: Es ist das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit, an Hand bisher publizierter Studienergebnisse eine Beurteilung des klinischen Stellenwertes von PET in der Onkologie zu erarbeiten. Methoden: Im Rahmen einer interdisziplinären Konferenz mit namhaften Experten wurde eine Wertung des gegenwärtigen Stands von PET in der Onkologie an Hand der in der Literatur dokumentierten Studienergebnisse erarbeitet. Angestrebt wurde eine differenzierte Bewertung von PET für die klinische Anwendung in fünf Klassen (1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3) von »angemessen« (1a), »akzeptabel« (1b), »hilfreich« (2a), »noch keine Bewertung möglich« (2b), »ohne Nutzen« (3). Ergebnisse: Für den klinischen Einsatz in der Onkologie ist 2-F18-Fluorodeoxyglukose (FDG) das Radiopharmakon der Wahl. PET ist klinisch in der Patientenversorgung zur Rezidivdiagnostik von high-grade Gliomen (FDG), low-grade Gliomen (C-11 Methionin oder F-18 Tyrosin), für die Dignitätsdiagnostik des peripheren Lungenrundherdes bei Risikopatienten sowie für die Diagnostik des Pankreaskarzioms indiziert (Indikation 1a). PET kann in der Patientenversorgung bei folgenden Indikationen (1b) eingesetzt werden: »low-grade« Gliome, Suche nach unbekanntem Primärtumor bei Kopf-Hals-Tumoren, Rezidivdiagnostik des nicht kleinzelligen Bronchialkarzinoms sowie des Rektumkarzinoms, Lymphknotenstaging beim nicht kleinzelligen Bronchial-Karzinom, Pan-kreas-Karzinom, muskelinvasiven Blasen-Karzinom und Hoden-Karzinom. Staging bei M. Hodgkin (Stad. I/II versus III), frühe Therapiekontrolle bei Resttumor und Rezidivdiagnostik bei M. Hodgkin und hochmalignen Non-Hodgkin-Lymphomen, Lymphknoten-Staging und Fern-metastasensuche beim malignen Melanom (Breslow >1,5 mm), Lymphknoten- und Fernmetastasen-Nachweis beim Schilddrüsen-Karzinommit erhöhtem hTg und nicht radiojodspeichernden Metastasen. Zahlreiche weitere Indikationen zeichnen sich bereits jetzt ab, sind jedoch noch weniger gut durch wissenschaftliche Studien belegt. Für die meisten Indikationen außerhalb wissenschaftlicher Studien ist eine individuelle Kosten-Nutzen-Betrachtung durch den verantwortlichen Arzt geboten. Schlußfolgerungen: Die metabolische Bildgebung von PET besitzt für eine Vielzahl onkologischer Fragestellungen prinzipielle Vorteile gegenüber der anatomisch-morphologisch orientierten Schnittbilddiagnostik. Für die klinische Indikationsstellung ist allerdings eine differenzierte Betrachtung der spezifischen Leistungsfähigkeit von PET geboten.

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