scholarly journals Are The Cop21 Objectives Implementable?

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Erik Lane
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Policy Analysts ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Fossil Fuel Energy

Policy implementation is often difficult to achieve, especially in a heavily decentralised structure, policy analysts like Wildavsky & Sabatier suggested. Now, the international community is going to guide a large number of governments or states towards the accomplishment of the COP21 objectives, although no governance mechanisms have yet been set up or identified. The implementation process for the COP21 Agreement must now start in order to have any chance of succeeding with its main objective of a 40% reduction in CO2 emissions until 2030. Actually, this process of implementation is expected to go on for the entire century, as COP21 promises a carbon free economy sometime after 2050. I argue that it is likely that many governments will only deliver small changes in emission decreases, but keep enough fossil fuel energy sources in order to maintain some positive rate of economic growth. Complete decarbonisation of entire societies is a figment of Sachs’ imagination concerning “sustainable development”. Thee management tasks in relation to the fulfilment of the COP21 goals are mindboggling.

scholarly journals Bad Gains: Effects of Fossil Fuel Energy on Africa

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Enongene Rex Nkumbe
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Oil Resources ◽  
Cultural Implications ◽  
Fossil Fuel Energy

Energy is indispensable to global economic development and human development. Through the course of history, different energy sources have been used to fuel economic growth and better human life. The fossil economy fuelled unprecedented economic growth that was not possible with previous energy epochs. The development brought about by fossil fuels has not been beneficial for all and this paper argues that fossil fuel energy sources; specifically oil and gas have had more of negative political and socio-cultural implications for Africa. Using secondary data sources from books, articles and reports, the study finds out that oil resources have helped is sustaining dictatorships and socioeconomic hardship in oil producing countries in Africa.

scholarly journals Exploring the Implementation of a Legal AI Bot for Sustainable Development in Legal Advisory Institutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 5991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juin-Hao Ho ◽  
Gwo-Guang Lee ◽  
Ming-Tsang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
User Behavior ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Multicriteria Decision Making ◽  
Life Issues ◽  
Network Process ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Decision Making Model

This study explores the implementation of legal artificial intelligence (AI) robot issues for sustainable development related to legal advisory institutions. While a legal advisory AI Bot using the unique arithmetic method of AI offers rules of convenient legal definitions, it has not been established whether users are ready to use one at legal advisory institutions. This study applies the MCDM (multicriteria decision-making) model DEMATEL (decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory)-based Analytical Network Process (ANP) with a modified VIKOR, to explore user behavior on the implementation of a legal AI bot. We first apply DEMATEL-based ANP, called influence weightings of DANP (DEMATEL-based ANP), to set up the complex adoption strategies via systematics and then to employ an M-VIKOR method to determine how to reduce any performance gaps between the ideal values and the existing situation. Lastly, we conduct an empirical case to show the efficacy and usefulness of this recommended integrated MCDM model. The findings are useful for identifying the priorities to be considered in the implementation of a legal AI bot and the issues related to enhancing its implementation process. Moreover, this research offers an understanding of users’ behaviors and their actual needs regarding a legal AI bot at legal advisory institutions. This research obtains the following results: (1) It effectively assembles a decision network of technical improvements and applications of a legal AI bot at legal advisory institutions and explains the feedbacks and interdependences of aspects/factors in real-life issues. (2) It describes how to vary effective results from the current alternative performances and situations into ideal values in order to fit the existing environments at legal advisory institutions with legal AI bot implementation.

THE ENERGY–POLLUTION–HEALTH NEXUS: A PANEL DATA ANALYSIS OF LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME ASIAN COUNTRIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
FARHAD TAGHIZADEH-HESARY ◽  
EHSAN RASOULINEZHAD ◽  
NAOYUKI YOSHINO ◽  
YOUNGHO CHANG ◽  
FARZAD TAGHIZADEH-HESARY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Fossil Fuel Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel Energy Consumption ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Increased consumption of nonrenewable energy sources may lead to more air pollution, resulting in negative health impacts in a society. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between fossil fuel energy consumption and health issues using generalized method of moments estimation technique for data from 18 Asian countries (both low- and middle-income) over the period 1991–2018. The findings demonstrate that fossil fuel energy consumption increases the risk of lung and respiratory diseases. In addition, the results demonstrate the significant effect of CO2 emissions and fossil fuel consumption on undernourishment and death rates. Furthermore, we find that increases in the gross domestic product per capita and healthcare expenditure may help reduce undernourishment and death ratio. The conclusion recommends that diversification of energy in low- and middle-income countries from too much reliance on fossil fuels to more renewable energy sources can improve energy insecurity, at the same time reduce greenhouse gas emissions and minimize the negative impacts on human health.

Dynamic linkages amongst ecological footprints, fossil fuel energy consumption and globalization: an empirical analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1549-1568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia M. Ibrahiem ◽  
Shaimaa A. Hanafy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ecological Footprints ◽  
Fossil Fuel Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel Energy Consumption

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the dynamic linkages amongst ecological footprints, fossil fuel consumption, real income, globalization and population in Egypt in the period from 1971 to 2014.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) methods to investigate the long run relationships amongst ecological footprints, economic growth, globalization, fossil fuel energy consumption and population. Moreover, the Toda–Yamamoto approach is conducted to examine the causal relationships between variables.FindingsEmpirical results of FMOLS and DOLS methods show that real income and fossil fuel consumption are responsible for deteriorating the environment, while globalization and population are found to mitigate it. As for Toda–Yamamoto–Granger causal relationship results, unidirectional causal relation from globalization, population and fossil fuel energy consumption to the ecological footprint exists. Moreover, bidirectional causal relation between real income on the one hand and globalization and the ecological footprint on the other hand is found.Originality/valueUsing carbon dioxide emissions has major weakness as carbon dioxide emissions are considered only part of the total environmental deterioration so this study is the first study for Egypt that uses the ecological footprint as an indicator for environmental quality and environmental pollution and links it with globalization, economic growth, population and fossil fuel energy consumption. Moreover, realizing the direction of causality between these variables might help policymakers in designing the policies to promote the shift towards clean energy sources, especially that achieving sustainable economic growth with more contribution to the global economy depending on diversification of energy sources without deteriorating the environment is considered one of the most important objectives of Egypt’s National Vision 2030.

scholarly journals Renewable Energy Sources in Developing Countries: Challenges and Opportunities for a Sustainable Development Agenda

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Jorge Tenório Fernando ◽  
Sergio Ricardo Siani
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Latin American Region ◽  
American Region

A renewable energy matrix plays a fundamental role in providing energy services ina sustainable platform and, particularly, to reduce climate change on a global basis. However,alternative energy sources usually poses extra challenges to adopters due to higher costs, mainlyin the developing and emerging countries where: 1) basic needs still remain to be covered, and 2)top technologies, such as the required in those initiatives, are likely not to be promptly available.This article aims to verify the status of the current renewable energy sources contribution tothe regular energy systems of some countries across the Latin American region as a measureto reduce the adverse impact over the average temperature and extreme climate events. LatinAmerica, despite its vast territory and considerable availability of natural resources – which couldwell place the region in a leading position in terms of alternative energy – is still in the earlystages of having the mindset and infrastructure required to respond to the current environmentalchallenges. This exploratory study compares the database of renewable energy and climatechange drivers of some Latin American countries, seeking to verify similarities and differences,as well as the possible effect of strategies and government policies, barriers and issues in thegeneration of an energy system that support the region economic growth while following the keyprinciples of sustainability. For our research, we use Multivariate Analysis based on a large set ofavailable and updated open public indicators to establish critical areas and regional progress. Themain finding is that, if not at length comparable to the leading EU countries and other advancedeconomies in the matter, some countries in the region have been presenting important advancesto date, being able to combine economic growth to friendly-environmental practices – oftena hard equation to solve – while others, on the contrary, stay behind in sustainable practices.Most importantly, at last, is the highlight of initiatives that stand out as positive examples havinghelped mitigate the environmental burden, clearly pointing towards solutions to the challenge ofhaving sustainable development inclusive practices in the Latin American region.

The Politics of Energy Regionalism

2020 ◽  
pp. 171-195
Author(s):  
Kathleen J. Hancock ◽  
Stefano Palestini ◽  
Kacper Szulecki
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Theory Building ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Regional Energy ◽  
Electricity Grids ◽  
Fossil Fuel Energy ◽  
Comparative Regionalism

States have increasingly become linked through regional energy-related institutions, markets, infrastructure, and politics. ASEAN, EU, SADC, ECOWAS, Eurasian Union, NAFTA, and UNASUR, inter alia, have formal agreements and institutions covering energy. Renewable, nuclear, and fossil fuel energy sources, as well as pipelines and electricity grids, are all covered in the variety of regional formal and informal arrangements. In parallel, the scholarly body of literature on comparative regionalism is expanding, but generally without energy as a focus area. In a systematic review of eighty-six international relations and politics journals, this chapter finds fifty-two articles over a seventeen-year period linking regions and energy. While scholars are giving more attention to the empirics of energy regionalism, research now needs to turn to more systematic theory building along with comparisons between regions and across energy sources and infrastructure types. The chapter concludes with recommendations for a research agenda that focuses on three sets of questions about drivers, institutional design, and effects.

scholarly journals SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ECONOMY AND INCREASING ENERGY SECURITY BASED ON THE USE OF RES: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (37) ◽  
pp. 438-446
Author(s):  
L. Karbovska ◽  
I. Yakushik ◽  
E. Feshchenko ◽  
I. Kalina ◽  
A. Kozlova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Trade Integration

Abstract. It is substantiated that the factor of economic growth, increase of economic and energy security, preservation of the environment from the detrimental impact of the consequences of consumption of hydrocarbon energy sources is the sustainable development of renewable energy. The state and prospects of using renewable energy sources in the world are considered (RES). The rating of countries by the share of electricity produced from renewable sources as a percentage of primary sources during 2015—2019 is presented, which shows that the largest share of RES is in countries such as: Iceland, Kenya and Latvia; Currently, the largest growth in renewable energy is observed in Ukraine, Great Britain, Turkey, Denmark, Japan, France, the USA and Germany. The generalized factors of growth of demand for renewable energy sources are: parity of the price and productivity owing to decrease in the price of RES; increasing the efficiency of energy production due to technological progress and the introduction of innovative technologies in foreign trade; integration of power grids and balancing the load on them; stimulating the demand for RES by large cities — the implementation of the strategy of «smart city» includes «smart» energy; development of public ownership of networks and sources of renewable energy; active participation of developing countries in the dissemination of renewable energy; growing participation of the corporate sector in the development of renewable energy. The relationship between the goals of energy development in terms of its accessibility, reliability, sustainability and goals in the field of sustainable development is determined. Thus, poverty reduction (goal 1) involves expanding access to basic resources and services and the availability of modern infrastructure, an element of which is RES; the use of clean renewable energy will help reduce health risks (disease prevention and pandemic control) (objective 3); creation of sustainable infrastructure, promotion of innovations (goal 9) involves the use of clean and environmentally friendly technologies and sustainable energy development; the use of RES activity has a synergistic connection with the implementation of goal 13 — urgent measures to combat climate change and its consequences. Keywords: sustainable development goals, economic growth, energy security, renewable energy sources, hydrocarbon fuel, decarbonization. JEL Classification F29, F43, L94, O10 Formulas: 0; fig.: 0; tabl.: 2; bibl.: 17.

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