scholarly journals Examining the Existence of Long-run Initial Public Offering (IPO) Underperformance at Three Different Stock Exchange Markets in Japan

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Yoshiki Shimizu ◽  
Hideki Takei
Keyword(s):  
Market Efficiency ◽  
Initial Public Offering ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Abnormal Returns ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Efficient Market Hypothesis ◽  
Japanese Market ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The One ◽  
Public Offering

This study conducted the examination of the long-run performance of IPO stocks in the Japanese market by measuring the monthly AAR/CAAR of sample IPO stocks. The study did this, so as to investigate whether IPO stocks in the Japanese market outperform in the long-run, as prior research on this phenomenon in the US market (Ritter, 1991; McDonald and Fisher, 1972) had found. The finding is that on the one hand, at TOPIX and TSE-2ND, stocks IPO firms that went public during 2004 to 2011 did not underperform the market in the long-run, as the monthly CAAR of sample IPO stocks on month 36 was not statistically significant. On the other hand, the finding also reveals that at MOTHERS, IPO firms underperformed the market throughout the period between months 2 and 36, and the monthly CAAR of IPO stocks at this market was –30.08 percent on month 36. The implication of this finding for the Efficient Market Hypothesis is that market efficiency held well at TOPIX and TSE-2ND; where during the sampling period abnormal returns could not be achieved and thus the long-run IPO underperformance was unlikely to occur. On the contrary, the departure from market efficiency was observed at MOTHERS: In the long-run, IPO stocks kept experiencing negative abnormal returns, and the existence of the long-run IPO underperformance was found to be significant.  Long-run IPO underperformance did not exist, with only one exception: It is only at MOTHERS that the long-run IPO underperformance was observed, whereas at TOPIX and TSE-2ND the phenomenon was not observed. 

scholarly journals Exploring the Existence of Short-run Initial Public Offering (IPO) Underpricing at Three Different Stock Exchange Markets in Japan

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Yoshiki Shimizu ◽  
Hideki Takei
Keyword(s):  
Initial Public Offering ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Abnormal Returns ◽  
Efficient Market Hypothesis ◽  
Ipo Underpricing ◽  
Japanese Market ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Exchange Markets

This study conducted the examination of the short-run performance of IPO stocks in the Japanese market by measuring daily AAR/CAAR of sample IPO stocks.. The study did so, in order to detect the positive initial abnormal return of sample IPO stocks as well as the short-run IPO underpricing that was observed by Ibbotson (1975) and McDonald and Fisher (1972) in the US market, and Chang (2011) in the Taiwanese market. The finding was that unlike findings in prior research, this study did not discover the positive initial abnormal returns for sample IPO firms in the Japanese market on the event day with statistical significance. Thereby, the short-run IPO underpricing did not occur in the Japanese market and it is inferred that offer prices of IPOs in the Japanese market are priced rationally, reflecting all available pieces of information at the time of offering. The implication of this finding for Efficient Market Hypothesis is that in the short-run, market efficiency holds well for the Japanese market. Findings from the examination on short-run performance of IPO stocks in the Japanese market has enabled this study to answer the research question: Does short-run IPO underpricing exist at stock exchange markets in Japan? The answer is, the short-run IPO underpricing did not exist. 

Revisiting the viability to allow dual-class share structure companies to list in the financial market of Hong Kong

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kong Shan Ho
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Initial Public Offering ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
The One ◽  
Public Offering ◽  
The Right ◽  
Dual Class ◽  
Share Structure

The request of Alibaba, China’s largest e-commerce company, to allow a self-selected group of its past and present management known as the ‘partners’ the right to nominate a majority of the directors in its negotiation with the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (HKEx) for an initial public offering (IPO) in 2013 reignited a new round of debate over the one share, one vote policy, which has survived for three decades in Hong Kong. Alibaba’s IPO application to list on the HKEx was eventually rejected which ultimately led to the company’s decision to list on the New York Stock Exchange. In late 2017, the debate on whether companies with dual-class share (DCS) structure should be allowed to list in Hong Kong re-emerged as the HKEx has announced that it would amend its listing rules to enable companies with DCS structure to list on its exchange, subject to certain safeguards and restrictions. This article examines what measures Hong Kong could adopt to allow companies with DCS structure to list on its exchange despite legal and institutional shortcomings of its financial market. In doing so, it will also make reference to other major financial markets in the world and examine how other jurisdictions have handled the issue of DCS structure companies.

The Effect Of Geographic Dispersion On The Initial And Long-Run IPO Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 869-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozgur Ozdemir
Keyword(s):  
Initial Public Offering ◽  
Abnormal Returns ◽  
Geographic Dispersion ◽  
Ipo Performance ◽  
Geographically Dispersed ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Restaurant Firms ◽  
Public Offering

This study examines the effect of geographic dispersion on the short-run and long-run initial public offering (IPO) performance of restaurant firms. Sample of the study consists of 103 restaurant IPOs conducted between 1981 and 2011. The study finds that being geographically dispersed or concentrated in a small area does not lead to a significant difference in the initial returns of restaurant IPOs. Yet the analysis shows that restaurant firms with geographically dispersed operations have significantly higher long-run returns in the post-IPO period compared with their local counterparts. This is evidenced by the significantly larger cumulative abnormal returns for geographically dispersed restaurant firms in the post-IPO period.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENGARUH HARGA SAHAM PERDANA TERHADAP ABNORMAL RETURN YANG DITERIMA INVESTOR STUDI PADA BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afriyeni Afriyeni ◽  
Doni Marlius
Keyword(s):  
Initial Public Offering ◽  
Abnormal Return ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Abnormal Returns ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Real Rate ◽  
Average Abnormal Return ◽  
Public Offering

In this research uses empirical design, the goal is to determine how the effect of the initial public offering of the abnormal return earned by investors on the Stock Exchange went public in the period 2008-2010. This study is a population of all shares of listed companies on the Stock Exchange. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling method based sampling method with a consideration of certain criteria in order to obtain as many as 26 samples. Based on the statistical test results, it can be concluded that the initial public offering and a significant positive effect on abnormal returns earned by investors on the Stock Exchange, which can be seen from the alternative hypothesis is accepted. This means that the average abnormal return earned by investors on the Stock Exchange for the first six weeks of the companies that go public as many as 26 companies will be greater than 0 (zero) or positive. Overall average abnormal return earned by investors is positive, so that the average IPO price of 26 companies that went public in the year 2008 to 2010 is considered low (undervalued) or if the real rate of return higher than the return that expected.

Stock Price and Trading Volume Effects Associated with Changes in the MSCI Free Indices: Evidence from Taiwanese Firms Added to and Deleted from the Indices

2004 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 471-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Gi Shu ◽  
Yin-Hua Yeh ◽  
Yu-Chen Huang
Keyword(s):  
Stock Price ◽  
Abnormal Return ◽  
Trading Volume ◽  
Abnormal Returns ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Efficient Market Hypothesis ◽  
Individual Investors ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Price Reversal ◽  
Run Up

This study analyzes price-volume relation for Taiwanese listed firms that are added to or deleted from the MSCI free indices in the sampling period from May 17, 1999 to May 21, 2001. Additions to the indices found a positive abnormal return of 3.9% in the run-up window from the announcement day up to one day before the change was implemented. This was followed by a significant reversal on the change day. The deleted firms exhibit an even stronger announcement effect, with a significant abnormal return of -9.1% in the run-up, followed by a reversal of 1.6% on the change day. Even when reversals occurred on the change day, the abnormal returns in the post-announcement window are positive for additions and negative for deletions. The results support the price-pressure and long-run downward-sloping-demand hypothesis and are inconsistent with the efficient market hypothesis. The abnormal trading volume for deletions is negative following the announcement, contradicting the findings of Lynch and Mendenhall (1997). This difference is due to the innate of the Taiwanese stock market, in which no dedicated market makers accommodate block trading. Moreover, the regression results confirm a positive volume-return relation before and a negative relation on and after the change day. Finally, the QFII net buy (sell) the added (deleted) stocks up to ten days after the change was implemented, while the Securities Investment Trusts and Securities dealers, having a shorter frame net, buy the added stocks up to two days after the effective change. Individual investors reversing position on the change day are responsible for the price reversal on the change day.

scholarly journals Determinants of Reluctance to Initial Public Offering in Cameroonian Financial Market

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
Simplice Gaël Tonmo ◽  
Melissa Grace Tchapda Woumkep ◽  
Ghislain Tchoffo ◽  
Glwadys Pinta Mefenza
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Initial Public Offering ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Pearson Correlation Test ◽  
Financial Characteristics ◽  
The One ◽  
Public Offering ◽  
The City

The main objective of this study was to identify the specific characteristics of companies in Cameroon and to highlight the factors that explain their reluctance to be listed on the stock market. Thus, in order to build the state of the art appropriate to this objective, we had to follow three lines of investigation: the theories related to the listing of firms on the stock market, their specific characteristics, and the cross-fertilization of these two fields. On the basis of the literature, four explanatory hypotheses were deduced: they are related to the shareholding structure of firms, to the financial characteristics, to the size of the firm and to the socio-demographic characteristics of the managers. To test these hypotheses, a survey was conducted among 40 SAs in the city of Douala. The data was processed with the SPSS 20 software and we used flat sorting, cross-sorting, pearson correlation test as well as linear regression. This methodology allowed us to obtain the results according to which the family and filial character and the size of the company are mainly the factors of reluctance of the listing on the stock exchange on the one hand, and the behavioral factors of the company managers, in particular the level of education and the experience on the other hand.

scholarly journals Modeling and Estimation of Cumulative Abnormal Return using VECM

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-49
Author(s):  
Sri Ambarwati ◽  
Eka Sudarmaji ◽  
Herlan Masrio ◽  
Ismiriati Nasip
Keyword(s):  
Initial Public Offering ◽  
Abnormal Return ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Idiosyncratic Risk ◽  
Cointegration Analysis ◽  
Cumulative Abnormal Return ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Public Offering

This paper examined how firm-level idiosyncratic risk varies over time. It affected initial public offering (IPO) in the presence of pump-and-dump and flipping trends during the early trading of IPO stocks in the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The paper used the IPO data taken from 181 companies during the year 2015-2019. It revisited the relationship between Cumulative Abnormal Return thirty-days (CAR30D) and Cumulative Abnormal Return five-days (CAR5D) and the Characteristics (IPO Floating shares, IPO Fund and Price) and Macroeconomics Condition (Inflation rate). It also used the cointegration analysis and VECM model. The paper found that Both LnFloat and LnPrice had causal evidence in the long-run causality or short-run with Cumulative Abnormal Return thirty days (CAR30D). We also noted that idiosyncratic risk exposure depends on IPO characteristics. It was crucial for firms going public in hot-issue markets, undervalued IPOs, and high idiosyncratic-risk issues. The model suggested that those series should cointegrate firstly. However, the variable of LnIPOFund had causal evidence in the short-run causality only.

At-Tahur’s IPO: Creating Pakistan’s First Public Company in Pasteurized Dairy Segment

2021 ◽  
pp. 097282012110396
Author(s):  
Sana Tauseef
Keyword(s):  
Initial Public Offering ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Discounted Cash Flow ◽  
Ipo Underpricing ◽  
Strike Price ◽  
Flow Models ◽  
Public Company ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Public Offering

This case examines the initial public offering (IPO) decision made by At-Tahur Limited during 2017. The outstanding performance of the equity market led the company to decide in favour of stock issuance to finance its required expansion. However, soon after the company started its IPO process till the month when the shares were floated in the market, Pakistan Stock Exchange experienced its worst decline since the financial crisis, with the index dropping by 17% over the one year from July 2017 to July 2018. The IPO was oversubscribed, and the company was able to sell its shares at PKR 21 per share, higher than the floor price of PKR 20. The strong demand for the company’s shares and a successfully completed stock offering transaction during one of the most difficult periods in capital market history left the IPO management team confused about whether PKR 21 was an appropriate price for the company’s share and if it was the correct time for the company to go public. The case provides an opportunity to discuss the valuation of unseasoned equity using market multiples and discounted cash flow models. Students are invited to value At-Tahur’s stock in light of the company’s planned expansion and take a position on whether the IPO strike price of PKR 21 was correct. The case also allows for a discussion of IPO trends, costs and benefits of going public and the IPO underpricing phenomenon.

scholarly journals ANALISIS ABNORMAL RETURN SURAT BERHARGA PADA PENAWARAN PERDANA DI BURSA EFEK JAKARTA (PERBANDINGAN PERIODE SEBELUM DAN SELAMA KRISIS MONETER)

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tri Kartika Pertiwi
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Initial Public Offering ◽  
Abnormal Return ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Abnormal Returns ◽  
Company Value ◽  
Underwriter Reputation ◽  
Monetary Crisis ◽  
Return Difference ◽  
Public Offering

The research about abnormal return of initial offering has  been  carried out by many other researchers. The results indicated that underpricing which signed by positive abnormal returns occurred in the short time. However, the effects that has caused underpricing was still indicate inconsistency. The objective of this research is to examine the differences of abnormal return between company that carry out  initial public offering in the  period  before and during monetary crisis,with a special reference to Jakarta Stock Exchange. Furthermore, it also aims to find out effects of stock value uncertainty and company value that proxied by standard deviation and age, effect of informed demand proxied by delay time, and effect of underwriter reputation on abnormal return.Results indicated that there was significant abnormal return difference between the periods before and during monetary crisis.  The factor that effected abnormal return in the period before monetary crisis was delay variable and underwriter reputation. The results was contrary with initial assumption. The significant factor that influenced abnormal return in the period during monetary crisis was standard deviation and age

Does franchising matter on IPO performance?

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 2535-2555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozgur Ozdemir ◽  
Murat Kizildag
Keyword(s):  
Initial Public Offering ◽  
Abnormal Returns ◽  
Restaurant Industry ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ipo Performance ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Ordinary Least Square Regression ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Public Offering

Purpose This paper has two main purposes. First, this paper aims to examine whether pre-initial public offering (IPO) franchising activity of issuing firms is priced in the financial markets and results in pricing differential between franchising and non-franchising firms at the time of IPO. Second, the paper aims to find out whether firms with pre-IPO franchising achieve better post-IPO stock performance compared to non-franchising firms. Design/methodology/approach To test research hypotheses, empirical models were developed and tested through ordinary least square regression analysis. Several data sources were used including Thomson One Banker’s SDC database, Compustat/CRSP and IPO prospectuses. Findings The paper provides further insights to the underpricing phenomenon surrounding IPOs and long-run performance of IPO shares subsequent to listing. Particularly, the study reveals that franchising firms underprice their issues to a higher degree compared to non-franchising firms, and franchising positively affects the post-IPO benchmark adjusted cumulative abnormal returns (CARs) over a three-year observation period. Research limitations/implications Because the study tests the proposed hypotheses using data only from the restaurant industry, the research results may lack generalizability. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test similar hypotheses using larger sample sizes from other industries. Practical implications The study’s findings have important implications both for IPO issuers in positioning their offering and for IPO investors in comparing IPO stocks and forming long-run portfolios. Originality/value This paper contributes both to the IPO and franchising literatures by providing primary insights about how investors perceive pre-IPO franchising and incorporate their perception into their pricing at an IPO.

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