scholarly journals The Potential of Temporary Immersion Bioreactors (TIBs) in Meeting Crop Production Demand in Nigeria

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Terwase Lyam ◽  
Mutah Lalai Musa ◽  
Zainab O Jamaleddine ◽  
Ugochukwu Anthony Okere ◽  
Wasiu Tiwalade Odofin
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Temporary Immersion ◽  
Bioreactor System

Micropropagation, popularly known for large-scale clonal propagation, is the first major and widely accepted practical application of plant biotechnology. The commercial utility of conventional micropropagation of important crop species is limited as a result of the large numbers needed annually to start up new farms in addition to high production costs. These result primarily from high labour cost, low multiplication rate or long duration of multiplication before plantlets are taken to the field, and poor survival rates resulting from contamination risks and during acclimatization. All of these constitute a major setback in the use of Micropropagation for scaling up of the several economic species for commercialization. Temporary Immersion Bioreactor system (TIBs) is a relatively recent micropropagation procedure that employs the use of automated gadgets to control rapid multiplication of plant cultures under adequate conditions. TIBs provide a more precise control of the adequate conditions (gaseous exchange, illumination etc.) required by plants for growth, development and survival than the conventional culture vessels. This bioreactor system incorporates a number of features specifically designed to simplify its operation and reduce production costs. The set-up consists of two vessels, one for the plantlets and the other one for the liquid culture media coupled together through a perforated rubber tubing that permits the flow of the liquid media from one vessel to the other. TIBs consist of three main phases: Multiplication, Elongation and Rooting phase. Plantlets propagated in TIBs have better performance than those propagated by conventional methods of micropropagation. This is as a result of a better handling of the in vitro atmosphere and the nutrition. TIBs provide a rapid and efficient plant propagation system for many agricultural and forestry species, utilizing liquid media to avoid intensive manual handling.  In addition to diminishing production costs regarding labour force, Temporary Immersion Bioreactors save energy, augment micropropagation productivity and efficiency.

scholarly journals Medios de cultivo líquidos: un avance para la micropropagación comercial de zábila (Aloe barbadensis Mill.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Nilca Rosa Albany ◽  
Jorge Alberto Vilchez ◽  
Silvia León ◽  
Alba Ruth Nava ◽  
Leonardo Javier Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Temporary Immersion System ◽  
Aloe Barbadensis ◽  
Temporary Immersion ◽  
Commercial Micropropagation

<p><strong>Título en imgles: </strong><strong><strong>Liquid medium culture: an approach for the commercial micropropagation of aloe (<em>Aloe barbadensis</em> Mill.) <strong></strong></strong></strong></p><p><strong><strong><strong>Título corto: Un avance para la micropropagación comercial </strong><strong>de zábila</strong></strong></strong></p><p><strong>Resumen:</strong><strong> </strong>La micropropagación es una alternativa para la producción comercial de plantas de zábila (<em>Aloe barbadensis</em> Mill.) limitada por los altos costos de producción. Con el objetivo de prescindir de los agentes gelificantes, reduciendo costos, se comparó el medio de cultivo líquido con el medio de cultivo gelificado en las diferentes etapas de micropropagación de la zábila. En la etapa de establecimiento se observó mayor porcentaje de explantes contaminados en el medio de cultivo líquido estático (25.55%) que en el medio gelificado (11.11%); y aunque el resto de los explantes se establecieron independientemente de la condición del medio de cultivo, en el medio líquido alcanzaron mayor altura (3.81 cm) que en el medio gelificado (3.03 cm). En la etapa de multiplicación, la altura de los explantes (entre 4.43 y 6.01 cm) fue superior en los recipientes de inmersión temporal automatizado (RITA<sup>®</sup>) en comparación con el medio gelificado (entre 3.24 y 3.42 cm); sin diferencias significativas entre el número de brotes/explante. Todos los brotes enraizaron a los 30 días independientemente del medio de cultivo empleado (líquido estático y gelificado), sin observar variaciones en la altura del brote y, número y longitud de las raíces. El empleo de los medios de cultivo líquidos y la implementación de los sistemas de inmersión temporal tipo RITA<sup>®</sup> permiten reducir los costos de producción al prescindir de los agentes gelificantes, lo que representa un avance para la micropropagación comercial de zábila. </p><p><strong>Palabras clave:</strong> Cultivo de tejidos, agentes gelificantes, RITA<sup>®</sup>, sistemas de inmersión temporal.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong>: Micropropagation is considered a successful alternative for aloe (<em>Aloe barbadensis</em> Mill.) plant production. However, it has limited use due to the high production cost. Liquid media were compared to agar-gelled medium during all micropropagation stages of aloe to reduce the cost for gelling agent used. In the establishment stage, there was a higher percentage of contaminated explants in static liquid medium (25.55%) than those cultured in agar-gelled medium (11.11%), although all the explants were established independently of the culture medium used, higher height (3.81 cm) was observed in liquid medium than those growing in agar-gelled medium (3.03 cm). In the multiplication stage, explant height was higher in the recipients used for automated temporary immersion system (RITA<sup>®</sup>) (4.43‑6.01 cm) than those cultured in agar-gelled medium (3.24‑3.42 cm), there was no significant difference for number of shoots/explant. All shoots had roots at 30 days independently of used culture media (static liquid or agar-gelled media). Shoot height, number and root length had similar values in both culture media. The implementation of liquid media and automated temporary Immersion system RITA<sup>®</sup> may allow to reduce production costs of gelling agent used, it represents an approach for the commercial micropropagation of aloe.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Keys words:</strong> Tissue culture, gelling agents, RITA<sup>®</sup>, temporary immersion system.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Recibido: </strong> junio 15 de 2014<strong>  Aprobado: </strong>abril 13 de 2015</p>

scholarly journals Micropropagation of banana (Musa spp) using temporary immersion bioreactor system

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-200
Author(s):  
M.M. Abdulmalik ◽  
I.S. Usman ◽  
A.U. Nasir ◽  
L.A. Sani
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Temporary Immersion Bioreactor ◽  
Temporary Immersion ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Bioreactor System ◽  
Planting Materials

Banana is an important crop in the tropics which possess the potential for commercial production in Nigeria. Large scale production requires large volume of planting materials which may be difficult to obtain using conventional methods of propagation. Temporary immersion bioreactor system (TIBs) is a cost effective method for micropropagation of plants. The present study was carried out to develop an efficient method for rapid multiplication of banana using temporary immersion bioreactor system (TIBs). Banana microshoots were regenerated from young suckers obtained from field grown plants using conventional plant tissue culture. Microshoots of 2cm length were used as explants for multiplication in temporary immersion bioreactor system. Ten (10) explants were cultured in bioreactor bottles containing Murashinge and Skoog (MS) liquid media supplemented with different concentrations of 6-bezylaminopurine (BAP) with or without 250mg/L Activated Charcoal (AC). Results showed that explants cultured in media supplemented with 2 mg/L or 1mg/L BAP without AC gave the highest shoot multiplication rate of 900% and 800%, respectively compared to hormone free media. Production of competent plants (plants ready for ex vitro establisment) were however, influenced by the presence of AC and the highest percentage of competent plants (80%) were produced when media was fortified with 1mg/L BAP+ 250mg AC. Regenerated plants were successfully established in the field and were morphologically normal and fertile.

scholarly journals Micropropagation of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Var. Smooth cayenne) in temporary immersion bioreactor system (TIPS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-209
Author(s):  
L.A. Sani ◽  
I.S. Usman ◽  
A.U. Nasir ◽  
M.M. Abdulmalik
Keyword(s):  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Temporary Immersion Bioreactor ◽  
Temporary Immersion System ◽  
Temporary Immersion ◽  
The Family ◽  
Root Morphogenesis ◽  
Bioreactor System ◽  
Planting Materials

Pineapple is an important edible fruit in the family Bromeliaceae popularly grown in the tropical and subtropical countries. Commercial prodution of pineapple requires large volume of planting materials which could not easily be obtained using conventional method of propagation. A protocol for mass propagation of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. var.smooth cayenne) using temporary immersion bioreactor system has been developed.The protocol involves four immersion cycles in Murashinge and Skoog (MS) media fortified with 1mg/L or 2mg/L 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) with or without 0.25g/L activated charcoal (AC). The highest multiplication rate (120 -130 plants/bottle) was obtained when media was fortified with 1mg/l or 2mg/L BAP alone. The presence of activated charcoal (AC) promoted root morphogenesis, resulting in significant increase in roots formation in BAP suplemented media. A combination of BAP with AC significantly increased the number of competent plants(20 – 30 plants/bottle) after four weeks of culture in temporary immersion system. The system is recommended for rapid and efficient micropropagation of pineapple.

scholarly journals Large-Scale Investment in Science: Economic Impact and Social Justice

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Massimo Florio
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Short Essay ◽  
Support Research

Abstract Science is not a free lunch. Worldwide, R&D expenditures per year, from basic research to product development by firms, are about USD1.7 trillion (according to UNESCO estimates for 2017). There are perhaps 7.8 million professional researchers globally, around one researcher out of one thousand inhabitants of the planet. In the OECD area, which includes the most developed economies, government R&D spending is worth about USD 315 billion per year and the share of government of the total R&D expenditures is 28%. Hence, citizens support research in two ways: firstly, as consumers by paying a price for goods and services which in turn include in their production costs such expenditures; secondly, by paying taxes which support government R&D expenditures, mostly for basic science. In this short essay, I discuss two questions: What is the economic impact of basic research? What are the implications for social justice of the interplay between -on one side- government funded science and -on the other side- R&D supported by business? I will argue that the ultimate economic impact of large-scale investment in basic research is often (but not always) positive (i.e. benefits are greater than costs). There is, however, a potential concern for social justice arising from the private appropriation by business of rents arising from knowledge as a public good.

scholarly journals Process of Establishment And In Vitro Development of Simaba Cedron Planch Seedlings. (Simaroubaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 748-759
Author(s):  
Marcia Santos de Freitas Lira ◽  
Simone Da Silva ◽  
Fábio Leandro Calderaro ◽  
Jandecy Cabral Leite
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Snake Bites ◽  
Propagation Methods ◽  
Vitro Development

Simaba cedron, popularly known as "cedron", is largely used for fever and snake bites. Its seeds are used in the treatment of stomach problems and liver infections. The fruits are used for the treatment of pain and malaria while its bark is an antispasmodic. Simaba cedron is generally propagated through seeds, but with limited success, as the low viability of same restricts its propagation. In view of such difficulty, it becomes necessary the study for adequate conditions for the large scale production of these seedlings. Being it known that in several species, the use of micropropagation has made it possible to obtain a large amount of disease-free and more homogeneous seedlings, in reduced time and physical space, in comparison with conventional propagation methods, the objective of this work was to analyze the effect of two culture media on the production of aseptic parent plants as a first step in the development of a micropropagation protocol for Simaba cedron. The seeds were collected from a matrix plant located in the Amazon Biotechnology Center (CBA), in Manaus/AM. The experiment was installed at the Vegetable Tissue Culture Laboratory, where the  explants were desinfected and grown in culture medium  according to Murashige & Skoog (MS) and in Wood Plant Medium (WPM), during 60 days. The disinfestation rate obtained was 75% and, of the disinfested seeds, 100% germinated. The cultivation medium that was more favorable to the cultivation of simaba was the MS, where the multiplication rate was of 8.0: 1, whose seedlings reached, in average, 4.8 cm and 75% of rooting.

The Value and Cost of Crop Minimum Support Price: Farmer and Consumer Welfare and Implementation Cost

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant Chintapalli ◽  
Christopher S. Tang
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Consumer Welfare ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Implementation Cost ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Minimum Support ◽  
Support Price

In many developing countries, crop minimum support price (MSP) is a subsidy scheme to (i) improve farmer welfare by safeguarding farmers’ incomes against vagaries in crop price and (ii) improve consumer surplus by ensuring sufficient crop production. Among different mechanisms to operationalize an MSP scheme, we focus on credit-based MSPs under which the government credits farmers should the prevailing market price be below the prespecified MSP. By accounting for the implementation cost of the MSP, we examine the effectiveness of the MSP in terms of net benefit (i.e., farmer’s surplus minus the implementation cost) and net social value (i.e., sum of farmer’s and consumer’s surpluses minus the implementation cost) in a market that consists of risk-averse farmers with heterogeneous production costs. Also, farmers face two types of uncertainties: (1) market and (2) production yield uncertainty. We find that a credit-based MSP can induce crop production, which is intuitive. However, we find some more interesting results: (i) offering a higher MSP may not improve farmer’s surplus, (ii) the net benefit of an MSP can be negative—the cost of offering an MSP can exceed the farmer’s surplus, and (iii) there exists an MSP that maximizes the net social value. We extend our single-crop model to the case of two crops to capture the intercrop MSP interaction. We show that when one crop is more rewarding but riskier than the other crop, then it is sufficient to offer an appropriate MSP for one of the two crops while offering no MSP to the other crop. This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.

scholarly journals A novel temporary immersion bioreactor system for large scale multiplication of banana (Rasthali AAB—Silk)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Subbaraya Uma ◽  
Raju Karthic ◽  
Sathiamoorthy Kalpana ◽  
Suthanthiram Backiyarani ◽  
Marimuthu Somasundaram Saraswathi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Temporary Immersion Bioreactor ◽  
Temporary Immersion ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Bioreactor System

AbstractMusa sp. cultivar Rasthali (Silk AAB) is a choice variety of the Asian sub-continent. Its production and sustenance are threatened by Fusarium wilt, which affects the livelihoods of small and marginal farmers. The use of quality planting material is one of the strategies to manage the disease. Availability of quality planting material for varieties other than Grand Naine is limited. Large-scale micropropagation using existing technologies is laborious and expensive. Temporary immersion bioreactor system is emerging as a potential advancement in the micropropagation industry. In this study, a cost-effective temporary immersion bioreactor (TIB) system has been developed and an efficient micropropagation method has been standardized. Explants cultured in TIB with 250 ml of culture medium in a 2-min immersion frequency of 6 h were found to be efficient for shoot proliferation and rooting. Its efficacy has been compared with the semisolid culture method. At the end of the 6th subculture, 1496 ± 110 shoots per explant were obtained in TIB. Chlorophyll, carotenoid, stomatal index, and the number of closed stomata were examined to determine the physiological functions of the plants grown in TIB and compared with semisolid grown plantlets. Plantlets grown in TIB were genetically stable and were confirmed using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The multiplication of shoots in TIB was 2.7-fold higher than the semisolid culture method, which is suitable for large-scale production of planting material for commercial applications.

scholarly journals Micropropagation of Raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.) in Liquid Media by Temporary Immersion Bioreactor in Comparison with Gelled Media

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Doina CLAPA ◽  
Monica HÂRȚA ◽  
Cornel Viorel POP
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Temporary Immersion Bioreactor ◽  
In Vitro Proliferation ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Temporary Immersion ◽  
Experimental Treatments

Temporary Immersion Bioreactor (TIB) is a suitable technique for large scale micropropagation of plant species. The aim of this work was to test the capacity of in vitro proliferation of the primocane-fruiting red raspberry cv Maravilla and floricane-fruiting red raspberry cv Willamette on gelled media compared to liquid media. The two varieties were cultured in vitro on two media, Murashige and Skoog 1962 (MS) and Driver and Kuniyuki walnut medium, 1984 (DKW), both supplemented with 0.5 mg/l 6-benzyladenine (BA). In the control cultures on gelled media the media were gelled with 5g/l Plant Agar, whereas for the cultures in liquid media Plantform bioreactors were used. After six weeks of in vitro culture we recorded the proliferation rates and lengths of the axillary shoots obtained in all the experimental treatments. The highest proliferation rate was 16 ± 2.03, obtained in cv. Willamette on gelled MS medium with 0.5 mg/l BA. The longest shoots (3.17 ± 0.32 cm) were obtained at cv. Maravilla on the DKW medium with 0.5 mg / l BA in the bioreactor. Our research highlighted that Rubus idaeus L. Maravilla and Willamette can be TIB propagated, although further research is needed to improve the efficiency of this method.

scholarly journals Utilization of the biorreactor of imersion by bubbles at the micropropagation of Ananas comosus L. Merril

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (spe) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gessiel Newton Scheidt ◽  
Andréa Haruko Arakaki ◽  
Jacqueline Sugitani Chimilovski ◽  
Augustus Caeser Franke Portella ◽  
Michele Rigon Spier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Temporary Immersion ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Nutritive Solution

The research for new techniques of in vitro cultivation is being object of many studies around the world, in order to optimize and decrease production costs of seedlings with agronomical interest. The main goal of this work was to compare different systems of in vitro cultivations using Ananas comosus L. Merril. So, the in vitro growth of the plantlets was promoted in two different bioreactors: Bioreactor of Immersion by Bubbles (B.I.B.®) and the Reactor of Temporary Immersion (R.I.T.A.®) with immersion cycle every 2 hours for 15 minutes and the traditional system in flasks with 200 mL. All cultivation systems used the MS liquid nutritive solution, supplemented with BAP (1 mgL-1), ANA (0.25 mgL-1), sucrose (30 gL-1) and Tween 20® (0.5 µL). The pH was adjusted to 5.8 and sterilized at 120°C for 15 minutes. The cultures were kept into a growth room during 30 days, with controlled temperature of 25±2°C, under white cold light (46.8 µmol.m-2.s-1), with photoperiod of 16 hours. The experimental design used was randomized, with three treatments, three repetitions and ten plants each stage. Among the evaluated systems, the BIB® presented the best results for the tested variables, mainly the total number of shoots, being 2.3 e 3.1 times superior when compared with the system R.I.T.A.® and the traditional consecutively. So the system of immersion by bubbles turns into an effective equipment to produce seedlings of pineapple in large scale.

scholarly journals Production of a bioherbicide agent in liquid and solid medium and in a biphasic cultivation system

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Moraes ◽  
A.C. Monteiro ◽  
A.C.R. Machado ◽  
J.C. Barbosa ◽  
D.A. Mochi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Biphasic System ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Conidia Production ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Weeds Control ◽  
Sorghum Grain

The use of fungi in weeds control programs depends upon the conidia production in large scale. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate liquid and solid culture media and the cultivation by biphasic system for the conidia production of Bipolaris euphorbiae Muchovej & Carvalho a specific pathogen of Euphorbia heterophylla. The liquid media were obtained from agro-industrial waste or by-products, and the solid media were prepared with mixtures of grains and grain derivatives. The liquid medium made with sugar cane molasses stood out from the others because it provided great sporulation (23 x 10(4) conidia mL-1 of medium), conidial viability (99.7%), and formation of mycelial fungal biomass (1.26 g 100 mL-1 of medium). On solid media conidial production was markedly higher than in liquid media, especially the medium composed by a blend of sorghum grain (40%) and soybean hulls (60%) where the fungus produced 2.3 x 10(7) conidia g-1 of medium. The cultivation of B. euphorbiae in biphasic system not promoted a significant increase in the production of conidia. The solid media were more effective for the mass production of fungus and mixtures of grains and derivatives were effective for increasing conidia production.

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