scholarly journals Production of a bioherbicide agent in liquid and solid medium and in a biphasic cultivation system

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Moraes ◽  
A.C. Monteiro ◽  
A.C.R. Machado ◽  
J.C. Barbosa ◽  
D.A. Mochi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Biphasic System ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Conidia Production ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Weeds Control ◽  
Sorghum Grain

The use of fungi in weeds control programs depends upon the conidia production in large scale. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate liquid and solid culture media and the cultivation by biphasic system for the conidia production of Bipolaris euphorbiae Muchovej & Carvalho a specific pathogen of Euphorbia heterophylla. The liquid media were obtained from agro-industrial waste or by-products, and the solid media were prepared with mixtures of grains and grain derivatives. The liquid medium made with sugar cane molasses stood out from the others because it provided great sporulation (23 x 10(4) conidia mL-1 of medium), conidial viability (99.7%), and formation of mycelial fungal biomass (1.26 g 100 mL-1 of medium). On solid media conidial production was markedly higher than in liquid media, especially the medium composed by a blend of sorghum grain (40%) and soybean hulls (60%) where the fungus produced 2.3 x 10(7) conidia g-1 of medium. The cultivation of B. euphorbiae in biphasic system not promoted a significant increase in the production of conidia. The solid media were more effective for the mass production of fungus and mixtures of grains and derivatives were effective for increasing conidia production.

Culture of Helicobacter pylori from domestic water samples – the impact of strain variation on growth on solid and in liquid media

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Owen ◽  
S.A. Chisholm ◽  
G. Brick ◽  
J.V. Lee ◽  
S. Surman-Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Strain Variation ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
The Impact

Helicobacter pylori is an important global human pathogen and there is growing evidence from PCR assays that contaminated drinking water might be a possible source of infection in some circumstances. There are no validated protocols for direct isolation but various culture media have been developed for possible environmental sampling. Our aim here was to investigate how inter-strain variation might affect the interpretation of results with such media. Two laboratory adapted reference strains and four recent clinical isolates were tested on four solid media and in ten liquid media. Considerable variation was found between strains in their ability to recover on the different media after stress exposure (suspension in sterile tap water). Generally, clinical isolates were less robust than the laboratory-adapted strains and, overall, the former required longer recovery times. Our findings highlighted the importance of using a range of isolates for evaluations, as examination of laboratory-adapted strains alone did not provide an accurate representation of the utility of media that may be used to recover H. pylori from water.

scholarly journals The Potential of Temporary Immersion Bioreactors (TIBs) in Meeting Crop Production Demand in Nigeria

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Terwase Lyam ◽  
Mutah Lalai Musa ◽  
Zainab O Jamaleddine ◽  
Ugochukwu Anthony Okere ◽  
Wasiu Tiwalade Odofin
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Temporary Immersion ◽  
Bioreactor System

Micropropagation, popularly known for large-scale clonal propagation, is the first major and widely accepted practical application of plant biotechnology. The commercial utility of conventional micropropagation of important crop species is limited as a result of the large numbers needed annually to start up new farms in addition to high production costs. These result primarily from high labour cost, low multiplication rate or long duration of multiplication before plantlets are taken to the field, and poor survival rates resulting from contamination risks and during acclimatization. All of these constitute a major setback in the use of Micropropagation for scaling up of the several economic species for commercialization. Temporary Immersion Bioreactor system (TIBs) is a relatively recent micropropagation procedure that employs the use of automated gadgets to control rapid multiplication of plant cultures under adequate conditions. TIBs provide a more precise control of the adequate conditions (gaseous exchange, illumination etc.) required by plants for growth, development and survival than the conventional culture vessels. This bioreactor system incorporates a number of features specifically designed to simplify its operation and reduce production costs. The set-up consists of two vessels, one for the plantlets and the other one for the liquid culture media coupled together through a perforated rubber tubing that permits the flow of the liquid media from one vessel to the other. TIBs consist of three main phases: Multiplication, Elongation and Rooting phase. Plantlets propagated in TIBs have better performance than those propagated by conventional methods of micropropagation. This is as a result of a better handling of the in vitro atmosphere and the nutrition. TIBs provide a rapid and efficient plant propagation system for many agricultural and forestry species, utilizing liquid media to avoid intensive manual handling.  In addition to diminishing production costs regarding labour force, Temporary Immersion Bioreactors save energy, augment micropropagation productivity and efficiency.

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK METANOL DAUN SALAM (Eugenia polyantha) DAN DAUN JERUK PURUT (Cytrus histrix) SEBAGAI ANTIJAMUR PADA PERTUMBUHAN Fusarium oxysporum

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
RITA NOVERIZA ◽  
MIFTAKHUROHMAH MIFTAKHUROHMAH
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Conidia Germination ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Conidia Production ◽  
Fungal Colony

<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Minyak atsiri dan ekstrak dari beberapa tanaman telah banyakditeliti sebagai bahan pestisida nabati dan telah tersedia secara komersial.Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan daun salam memiliki aktivitas antijamurdan antibakteri. Jeruk purut mengandung citronella yang dikenal bersifatantijamur. Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrakmetanol daun salam dan daun jeruk purut terhadap pertumbuhan Fusariumoxysporum telah dilakukan di laboratorium penyakit Balittro pada bulanJanuari sampai Februari 2008. Penelitian ini terdiri dari tiga kegiatan : (1)Uji ekstrak metanol daun salam dan jeruk purut terhadap pertumbuhanvegetatif F. oxysporum pada media padat. Parameter yang diamati adalahdiameter pertumbuhan F. oxysporum. (2) Uji ekstrak metanol daun salamdan jeruk purut terhadap pertumbuhan generatif F. oxysporum pada mediacair. Parameter yang diamati adalah jumlah konidia yang diproduksi danberat hifa. (3) Uji ekstrak metanol daun salam dan jeruk purut terhadappenghambatan perkecambahan konidia F. oxysporum. Perkecambahankonidia diamati pada 0, 2, dan 4 jam setelah perlakuan. Rancangan yangdigunakan dalam ketiga kegiatan tersebut adalah rancangan acak lengkap,dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanoldaun salam menghambat pertumbuhan vegetatif F. oxysporum. Persentasepenghambatan tertinggi adalah 57,16% pada konsentrasi 5%. Pada mediacair, ekstrak daun salam efektif menurunkan jumlah konidia dan berat hifa.Ekstrak daun salam juga mampu menghambat perkecambahan spora.Persentase penghambatan perkecambahan konidia pada perlakuan ekstrakdaun salam 3% sebesar 84,67% setelah 4 jam inkubasi. Ekstrak metanoldaun jeruk purut konsentrasi 5% efektif menghambat pertumbuhanvegetatif  F.  oxysporum  pada  media  padat  dengan  persentasepenghambatan 95,60 %. Pada media cair, ekstrak jeruk purut (semuakonsentrasi yang diuji) juga mampu menurunkan jumlah konidia dan berathifa. Selain itu, ekstrak metanol daun jeruk purut juga efektif menghambatperkecambahan konidia F. oxysporum hingga 77,00 % setelah 4 jaminkubasi.</p><p>Kata kunci : Eugenia polyantha, Cytrus histrix, F. oxysporum, metanol,penghambatan</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>The Effectiveness of Methanol Extract of Bay Leaf(Eugenia polyantha) and Kaffir Lime Leaf (Cytrushistrix) as Antifungal on Growth of F. oxysporum</p><p>Essential oils extracted from many plants have been investigated forbotanical pesticide source. There are several commercial pesticidescontaining essential oil. Kaffir lime containing citronella is known asantifungal material. Many research showed that bay leaf has antifungal andantibacterial activity. The objective of this research was to find out theeffect of metanol extracts of bay and kaffir lime leaves on F. oxysporumgrowth. The experiment was conducted from January to February 2008 atPhytopathology Laboratory of Indonesian Medicinal and Aromatic CropsResearch Institute (IMACRI). The experiment was consisted of 3activities : (1) Test of methanol extract of bay leaf and kaffir lime leaf onvegetative growth of F. oxysporum in solid media. Fungal colony diameterwas recorded each day. (2) Test of methanol extract of bay and kaffir limeleaves on generative growth of F. oxysporum in liquid media. Conidiaproduction and hifa weight were observed. (3) Test of methanol extract ofbay and kaffir lime leaves on inhabitation of conidia germination of F.oxysporum. The germination of conidia was observed at 0, 2, 4 hours aftertreatment. Experiment was designed using completely randomized designwith three replications. The result showed that methanol extract of bay leafinhibited the growth of F. oxysporum in solid media. The highest growthinhibition was 57.16% at 5% extract. In liquid media, methanol extract ofbay leaf decreased conidia production and hifa weight significantly.Methanol extract of bay leaf inhibited conidia germination. The percentageof inhibition of conidia germination was 84.67% at 3% extract. Methanolextract of Kaffir lime leaf inhibited the growth of F. oxysporumsignificantly. The percentage of inhibition was 95.6% at 5% extract. Inliquid media, methanol extract of kaffir lime leaf decreased conidiaproduction and hifa weight at all of concentration of extract. Methanolextract of kaffir lime leaf inhibited conidia germination. The percentage ofinhibition of conidia germination was 77.00% at 3% extract.</p><p>Key words : Eugenia polyantha, Cytrus histrix, inhibition, F. oxysporum,metanol</p>

Study on Fungi Inhabiting Indoor Woods and their Eco-Friendly Management

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Ashwani Tapwal ◽  
Priya Kalyan ◽  
Shailendra Kumar ◽  
Suresh Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Wood Surface ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
The Media

Biodeterioration of indoor wood and microbial pollution inside buildings is one of important problem in humid areas. Number of fungi are associated with indoor wood and many of them are responsible for its deterioration by causing decay and stain. Some of them may release mycotoxins, which have hazardous impact on human health. In present study, fifteen fungi associated with wood surface were isolated and out of which genus Aspergillus dominate with four species. A. flavus was recorded from all locations. The potential of leaf extracts of nine tree species on the growth of A. flavus was evaluated by amending culture media. Considerable growth inhibition of A. flavus in the range of 1.14-45.45% was recorded on solid media and 9.37-86.66% in liquid media. Amendment of culture media @ 30% concentration of the leaf extract of Corymbia torelliana have recorded maximum growth inhibition irrespective of the media used.

Evaluation of the growth and sporulation of different entomopathogenic fungi in different liquid and solid media at varied concentrations

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 5459
Author(s):  
Chandra Teja K. ◽  
Rahman S. J.
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Virulent Strains

Entomopathogenic fungi like Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Lecanicillium lecanii are used in biological control of agricultural insect pests. Their specific mode of action makes them an effective alternative to the chemical Insecticides. Virulent strains of Entomopathogenic fungi are effectively formulated and used as bio-insecticides world-wide. Amenable and economical multiplication of a virulent strain in a large scale is important for them to be useful in the field. Culture media plays a major role in the large-scale multiplication of virulent strains of Entomopathogens. Different substrates and media components are being used for this purpose. Yet, each strain differs in its nutritional requirements for the maximum growth and hence it is necessary to standardize the right components and their optimum concentrations in the culture media for a given strain of Entomopathogen. In the current study, three different nitrogen sources and two different carbon sources were tried to standardize the mass multiplication media for seven test isolates of Entomopathogenic fungi. A study was also conducted to determine the ideal grain media for the optimum conidial yields of the test isolates. Yeast extract was found to be the best Nitrogen source for the isolates. The isolates tested, differed in their nutritional requirements and showed variation in the best nitrogen and carbon sources necessary for their growth. Variation was also found in the optimum concentration of both the ingredients for the growth and sporulation of the isolates. In the solid-state fermentation study, rice was found to be the best grain for the growth of most of the fungi followed by barley. The significance of such a study in the development of an effective Myco-insecticide is vital and can be successfully employed in agriculture is discussed.

scholarly journals Culture media selection for mass production of Isaria fumosorosea and Isaria farinosa

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Moura Mascarin ◽  
Sérgio Batista Alves ◽  
Rogério Biaggioni Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Complete Medium ◽  
Sugarcane Molasses ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Isaria Fumosorosea ◽  
Isaria Farinosa ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Biphasic Fermentation

This work investigated the production of the fungi Isaria fumosorosea and Isaria farinosa in biphasic fermentation using agro-industrial products and residues. Combinations of natural liquid substrates, alternative to the complete medium and potato dextrose medium, were evaluated. The best liquid media were sugarcane molasses + rice broth, rice broth + yeast and sugarcane molasses + yeast + rice broth, which resulted in the highest viable propagule concentration. The molasses + rice broth medium was selected for the next phase of the study in which the production of both fungal isolates was evaluated in solid grain substrates. In solid-state fermentation, the best conidia production was achieved with the soybean meal and broken corn for I. farinosa, and whole rice and broken rice for I. fumosorosea. Results demonstrated that the two fungal species could be rapidly produced with higher yield of conidia on agro-industrial resources by using biphasic fermentation techniques.

scholarly journals Growth and sporulation of Metarhizium flavoviride var. Flavoviride on culture media and lighting regimes

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sideney Becker Onofre ◽  
Cindia Mara Miniuk ◽  
Neiva Monteiro de Barros ◽  
João Lúcio Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Continuous Illumination ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Metarhizium Flavoviride ◽  
Conidia Production

Entomopathogenic fungi from the genus Metarhizium are largely used for the biological control of agricultural pests by conidia spreading on the field. Although conidia production is well studied in M. anisopliae, only few research studies were done in M. flavoviride. The present work was carried out alming to evaluate the Mycelial growth and sporulation of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium flavoviride var. flavoviride growing at 27 ± 2°C on Potato-dextrose-agar (PDA), Czapek-agar (CZP) and a complete agar medium (CM) under three lighting regimes, (continuous illumination, light/dark cycle and an black light/dark cycle) were investigated. A completely randomized 3 × 3 (culture media × lighting regime) factorial design with four replicates was used. The best mycelial growth and sporulation occurred on the PDA and CM media under continuous illumination (P <= 0,05).

scholarly journals A Field Efficacy Evaluation of In2Care Mosquito Traps in Comparison with Routine Integrated Vector Management at Reducing Aedes aegypti

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-249
Author(s):  
Eva A. Buckner ◽  
Katie F. Williams ◽  
Samantha Ramirez ◽  
Constance Darrisaw ◽  
Juliana M. Carrillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Integrated Vector Management ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Vector Management ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

ABSTRACT Aedes aegypti is the predominant vector of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. This mosquito is difficult to control with conventional methods due to its container-inhabiting behavior and resistance to insecticides. Autodissemination of pyriproxyfen (PPF), a potent larvicide, has shown promise as an additional tool to control Aedes species in small-scale field trials. However, few large-scale field evaluations have been conducted. We undertook a 6-month-long large-scale field study to compare the effectiveness and operational feasibility of using In2Care Mosquito Traps (In2Care Traps, commercially available Aedes traps with PPF and Beauveria bassiana) compared to an integrated vector management (IVM) strategy consisting of source reduction, larviciding, and adulticiding for controlling Ae. aegypti eggs, larvae, and adults. We found that while the difference between treatments was only statistically significant for eggs and larvae (P &lt; 0.05 for eggs and larvae and P &gt; 0.05 for adults), the use of In2Care Traps alone resulted in 60%, 57%, and 57% fewer eggs, larvae, and adults, respectively, collected from that site compared to the IVM site. However, In2Care Trap deployment and maintenance were more time consuming and labor intensive than the IVM strategy. Thus, using In2Care Traps alone as a control method for large areas (e.g., &gt;20 ha) may be less practical for control programs with the capacity to conduct ground and aerial larviciding and adulticiding. Based on our study results, we conclude that In2Care Traps are effective at suppressing Ae. aegypti and have the most potential for use in areas without sophisticated control programs and within IVM programs to target hotspots with high population levels and/or risk of Aedes-borne pathogen transmission.

Variations in Pathogenicity of Three Different Forms of Rhizoctonia Inoculum and Assessment of Cultivar Resistance of Sugar Beet

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haque ME ◽  
◽  
Parvin MS ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Require Time ◽  
Time Space ◽  
The Usa

Rhizoctonia solani causes pre-emergence and post-emergence damping-off, as well as crown and root rot of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), which significantly affects the yield returns in the USA and Europe. The pathogen overwinters as sclerotia or melanized mycelium. Traditionally, the resistance of cultivars to R. solani is evaluated by scoring disease reactions at the crowns and roots of older seedlings, thus resistance is not evaluated during seed germination. Moreover, earlier studies evaluated cultivars resistance to R. solani using colonized whole barley or wheat grains which, unlike sclerotia, are artificial inocula of the pathogen that require time, space and technical know-how to produce. Moreover, colonized grains are prone to contamination with other pathogens, consumed by rodents/birds while applied in the field, and are often uneconomic. Considering those limitations, a study was undertaken (1) to develop in vitro methods to generate large-scale sclerotia, (2) to compare pathogenic potentials of sclerotia, mycelia, and colonized barley grains for optimization of dampingoff assays, and (3) to evaluate Rhizoctonia resistance of selected commercial cultivars during the seed germination phase. Comparing six different culture media, we found that R. solani had the highest radial growth (8.9 ± 0.04, cm³) at 8-days and the maximum number of sclerotia produced (203 ± 4.6) at 28-days in CV8 medium. We demonstrated significant differences in pathogenicity of the three different forms of R. solani inocula and susceptibility of cultivars to preand post-emergence damping-off. The highest pre-emergence damping-off and root rot were observed with sclerotia, and the highest post-emergence dampingoff was recorded with both sclerotial and colonized barley inocula. In addition, varietal differences in susceptibility to pre- and post-emergence damping-off were noted. The highest pre-emergence damping-off was recorded on cv Crystal 101RR and lowest in Maribo MA 504. The highest post-emergence damping-off was recorded on BTS 8500 and the lowest in Crystal 467. The maximum mean root rot was observed in BTS 8500, BTS 8606, and Crystal 101R. Our studies demonstrated that sclerotia serve as efficient natural inocula, reemphasized that host-pathogen interactions differ at the early vs. late stages of sugar beet growth, and highlighted the need to reevaluate commercial sugar beet cultivars for resistance at the seed germination stage.

Automated diagnosis of Tuberculosis: A review of advancements

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
EO Shobowale ◽  
AO Coker ◽  
BA Adegunle
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Automated Diagnosis ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Solid Media

Objective: A narrative review of advances in automated diagnostic tests for diagnosis of tuberculosis infections. Methods: Electronic databases were searched for tests on automation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis identication. Studies were selected and evaluated that tested for the performance of new and old methods in automated diagnosis with significant impact on the turn-around time of diagnosis and also positive impact on patient care with respect to outcomes. Results: A total of 40 studies were included. Overall, the gene expert system was found to be superior when applied to respiratory samples as opposed to other body fluids when compared to other test methods. High specificity estimates suggest that  Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATS) should be the first-line test for rapid diagnosis of meningitis, but that they also need to be combined with the result of other tests in order to rule out disease.  Discussion: Fully automated liquid culture methods overall are superior to mycobacterial culture on solid media, in terms of speed of diagnosis, ease of use and their accuracy with several user friendly systems that can be applied to the Nigerian environment. Conclusion: The DNA amplification tests provide a reliable way of increasing the specificity of diagnosis. Their superior diagnostic capability has been found to hold up in routine clinical practice, and they could confer several advantages on tuberculosis control programs.

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