scholarly journals Exploring the Validity and Reliability of the WISC-IV: A Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Vasilios Andrikopoulos

This study seeks to examine the psychometric properties, namely the validity and reliability as well as the overall psychometric quality of the WISC-IV. For this purpose, a systematic review of the literature was carried out. Data analysis revealed that the fourth edition of the Wechsler scale for children is more sophisticated in form and content, in line with the modern approaches and familiar models of intelligence and the measurement of mental abilities. However, research in the field of psychometric quality of this test does not give a clear picture of its interpretive power or its contribution to diagnostic evaluation. Despite its relative utilization in differential diagnostic and diagnostic assessment procedures, there is a strong criticism regarding its structural validity and the models on the basis of which it is explained, as well as the dominant structure emerging from WISC-IV. Over time, the four-factor model seems to be abandoned and its analysis oriented towards a five-factor model, in line with the CHC theory of intelligence and cognitive abilities. All in all, this study enriches our theoretical and practical understanding about the WISC-IV giving rise to other studies in this field.

Assessment ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loes van Aken ◽  
Paul T. van der Heijden ◽  
William M. van der Veld ◽  
Laureen Hermans ◽  
Roy P.C. Kessels ◽  
...  

The Cattell–Horn–Carroll (CHC) theory of cognitive abilities has been guiding in the revision of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Fourth edition (WAIS-IV). Especially the measurement of fluid reasoning (Gf) is improved. A total of five CHC abilities are included in the WAIS-IV subtests. Using confirmatory factor analysis, a five-factor model based on these CHC abilities is evaluated and compared with the four index scores in the Dutch-language version of the WAIS-IV. Both models demonstrate moderate fit, preference is given to the five-factor CHC model both on statistical and theoretical grounds. Evaluation of the WAIS-IV according to CHC terminology enhances uniformity, and can be important when interpreting possible sources of index discrepancies. To optimally assemblage CHC and WAIS-IV, more knowledge of the interaction of abilities is needed. This can be done by incorporating intelligence testing in neuropsychological assessment. Using this functional approach contributes to a better understanding of an individual’s cognitive profile.


Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 876
Author(s):  
Filipe Rodrigues ◽  
Diogo Monteiro ◽  
Pedro Flores ◽  
Pedro Forte

The aim of the present study was to examine the Body Image Satisfaction Questionnaire (BISQ) as a multidimensional instrument, designed to measure individuals’ body image satisfaction. A sample of 790 Portuguese healthy adults (female = 399; male = 391) aged 18 and 49 years old (M = 28.61, SD = 7.97) completed the BISQ. Exploratory factor analysis of the BISQ provided initial psychometric validity for a five-factor model assessing five dimensions of body image, namely, face, upper torso, lower torso, lower body, and overall body appearance. Confirmatory factor analysis supported this five-correlated model, in which a bifactor model provided the best fit to the data, defining a body image satisfaction factor and five specific factors. The BISQ clearly distinguished between various dimensions of body image satisfaction and showed satisfactory psychometric quality through factor analyses. This measure may have a broad application for research and practice, as a tool for capturing individual body image satisfaction.


Retos ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 687-693
Author(s):  
António Carlos Rodrigues Sampaio ◽  
Nuno Pimenta ◽  
Mafalda Machado ◽  
Pedro Teques

Abstract. The purpose of the present research was to develop and provide initial validation of the Fitness Coaching Behavior Scale (FCBS-Fit) designed for assessing perceived the quality of instructor’s behaviors in fitness group classes through the theoretical adaptation to the Coaching Model (Côté et al., 1995), originally derived from sports. In total, 618 participants of fitness group classes accepted to participate in this investigation. The purpose of the research was achieved in three phases: (1) development of the item pool and content validation of the preliminary version of the FCBS-Fit (27 items); preliminary examination of the factorial structure through exploratory factor analysis (n1 = 185) that revealed a scale with 20 items distributed by 4 factors: Technical and Positive Rapport, Exercise Planning and Prescription, Negative Rapport, and Goal Setting; (2) confirmatory factor analysis to the 4-factor model indicated adequate fit model fit, reliability and convergent and discriminant validity. In addition, a multi-group CFA indicated measurement invariance of the factorial structure across samples (n2 = 210); (3) structural equation model examined criterion validity through analysis of the relationships between the 4-factors of EPCI-Fit and enjoyment in exercise (n3 = 223). Psychometric evidence suggests that the FCBS could be used as a reliable and valid measure to assess Portuguese participant`s perceptions of the quality of instructor’s behaviors in fitness group classes.Resumen. El propósito del presente estudio fue desarrollar y validar preliminarmente la Escala de Percepción del Comportamiento del Instructor de Fitness (EPCI-Fit) cuyo objetivo es evaluar la calidad de los comportamientos de los instructores de fitness en clases de grupo, a través de la adaptación teórica al Coaching Model (Côté et al., 1995), original del entrenamiento deportivo. En total, participaran 618 practicantes de fitness en clases de grupo de diversas áreas del litoral de Portugal continental. El propósito del estudio fue alcanzado en tres fases: (1) desarrollo del banco de ítems y validación inicial del contenido de la versión inicial de EPCI-Fit (27 ítems); la evaluación preliminar de la estructura factorial a través de análisis factorial exploratorio (n1 = 185) que resultó en una escala con 20 ítems distribuidos por 4 factores - Feedback técnico positivo, Feedback negativo, Formulación de objetivos, y Planificación y prescripción del ejercicio; (2) estimación del ajuste del modelo de 4-factores a través de análisis factorial confirmatorio, y análisis a la fiabilidad compuesta, y validez convergente y discriminante (n2 = 210); evaluación de la invariancia métrica del modelo de 4-factores en dos muestras independientes (n1 = 185; n2 = 210); y (3) estimación de la validez de criterio a través del análisis a las relaciones entre los 4-factores de la EPCI-Fit y el disfrute en la práctica de ejercicio (n3 = 223). En general, los resultados provenientes de las diferentes fases de análisis psicométrico a EPCI-Fit soportan la validez y la fiabilidad de los datos, indicando que esta escala podrá ser utilizada en el futuro para evaluar las percepciones de la calidad del comportamiento del instructor de fitness en clases de grupo. Resumo. O propósito do presente estudo foi desenvolver e validar preliminarmente a Escala de Perceção do Comportamento do Instrutor de Fitness (EPCI-Fit) cujo objetivo é avaliar a qualidade dos comportamentos dos instrutores de fitness em aulas de grupo, através da adaptação teórica ao Coaching Model (Côté et al., 1995), original do treino desportivo. No total, participaram 618 praticantes de fitness em aulas de grupo de várias zonas de Portugal continental. O propósito do estudo foi alcançado em três fases: (1) desenvolvimento da pool de itens e validação inicial do conteúdo da versão inicial da EPCI-Fit (27 itens); avaliação preliminar da estrutura fatorial através de análise fatorial exploratória (n1 = 185) que resultou numa escala com 20 itens distribuídos por 4 fatores – Feedback técnico positivo, Feedback negativo, Formulação de objetivos, e Planificação e prescrição do exercício; (2) estimação do ajustamento do modelo de 4-fatores através de analise fatorial confirmatória, e análise à fiabilidade compósita, e validade convergente e discriminante (n2 = 210); avaliação da invariância métrica do modelo de 4-fatores em duas amostras independentes (n1 = 185; n2 = 210); e (3) examinação da validade de critério através da análise às relações entre os 4-fatores da EPCI-Fit e o divertimento na prática de exercício (n3 = 223). No geral, os resultados oriundos das diferentes fases de análise psicométrica à EPCI-Fit suportam a validade e a fiabilidade dos dados, indicando que esta escala poderá ser utilizada futuramente para avaliar as perceções da qualidade do comportamento do instrutor de fitness em aulas de grupo.


Cephalalgia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 474-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Robertson ◽  
ME Morris

This systematic review evaluates the strength of the evidence for the role of cervical musculoskeletal dysfunction in migraine. In this review, cervical musculoskeletal dysfunction will refer to the abnormal sensory afferentation from cervical region structures contained within the receptive field of the trigeminocervical nucleus. Electronic database searches using MEDLINE, PubMed and CINAHL were performed, and 17 studies investigating cervical musculoskeletal dysfunction in people with migraine were selected for review. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed by two independent reviewers using a customized checklist. The review found that intersubject differences were inadequately reported and controlled, which resulted in grouping of participants with varying pathologies and symptoms. A diverse range of assessment procedures was used by the reviewed studies, which made comparison of their findings difficult. The assessment procedures were mainly used to quantify the degree of cervical musculoskeletal dysfunction, rather than to identify a cause and effect relationship between cervical structure and migrainous pain. Although animal study evidence proposes a role for cervical musculoskeletal dysfunction in migraine, this systematic review of the literature found that there is currently no convincing evidence to confirm this phenomenon in humans.


2018 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Belén Vázquez ◽  
Beatriz Pereira ◽  
M. Carmen Míguez

AbstractAlthough pregnancy increases the vulnerability to anxiety, no specific assessment instruments are usually used to detect it. The objective of this study was to adapt the Pregnancy Related Anxiety Questionnaire (PRAQ) to Spanish population, as well as analyze its validity and reliability. A sample of 367 nulliparous pregnant women with a normal risk status filled in a socio-demographic and obstetric-gynaecological questionnaire, the PRAQ, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). After performing a factorial analysis, a five-factor model that explains 53.1% of the variance was obtained. Estimates of internal consistency reliability were adequate (range = .78 to .93) for the five factors included in the final confirmatory factor analysis, and for the total scale (.97). Significant correlation among PRAQ, EPDS, and STAI was found (p < .001). The 85th percentile (score 234 or more) was used as a cut-off point to identify those women with high pregnancy-specific anxiety. In accordance with the results obtained, the PRAQ can be considered a useful screening tool to evaluate pregnancy-related anxiety among the Spanish population.


1978 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Petrosko

An analysis was made of the educational and psychometric quality of standardized mathematics tests aimed at high school students. Trained raters judged most of such instruments available in the United States. Tests were categorized into four areas: general mathematics (N=322), applied mathematics (N=26), algebra (N=122), and geometry (N=52). Results showed many tests to be low in common types of validity and reliability. General mathematics had, as a rule, tests with higher ratings than did the other content areas. Several implications were drawn from the study. Researchers in mathematics education should carefully analyze all aspects of tests to find those congruent with a given research need. Test developers should make renewed efforts to enhance the technical quality and curricular relevance of their products.


Author(s):  
Mojtaba Habibi ◽  
Pouya Zandian ◽  
HalehHadi Pour ◽  
Samaneh Abedini

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-90
Author(s):  
Yusuf Ergen ◽  
Cevat Elma

The study aims to develop a valid and reliable academic optimism scale that can be used to determine teachers’ academic optimism levels. The study was conducted through a total number of 404 primary school teachers who worked in the central districts of Malatya Province during 2014-2015 academic year. The content validity and face validity of the scale were determined via expert recommendations. An explanatory factor analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to determine the construct validity of the scale. After the expert opinions, 80 items reduced to 64 and the data was collected by the use of these 64 items. An exploratory factor analysis revealed 5 factors reducing 64 items in to 33 and explaining 58.56% of the total variation in the data. The five-factor model obtained through an explanatory factor analysis after removal of one item as a result of the confirmatory factor analysis was observed to be highly consistent. Different from previous related research, the result showed that a new dimension as “Maneger Trust” emerged as a part of “Teacher Academic Optimism Scale”. And finally this scale could be used as a valid and reliable instrument in the future studies.


2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 795-812
Author(s):  
Lígia Raquel B. Madeira ◽  
Marcos V. Araújo ◽  
Christopher F. Hein ◽  
Helena Marinho

The aim of this study was to analyse the validity and reliability of the Self-Regulated Practice Behaviour Scale (SRPB) developed by Miksza (2012) for music students in Portugal. Tasks involved in this study included: (1) translating the original scale and creating a viable Portuguese adaptation for Portuguese musical performance students; (2) analysing the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the scale. The translation and adaptation of the original scale resulted in a 52-item Portuguese Self-Regulated Practice Behaviour measure (Portuguese SRPB). Students enrolled in music education programmes from eight conservatoires answered the Portuguese SRPB ( n = 1,200). The results of confirmatory factor analysis show that a five-factor model presenting the five correspondent theoretical dimensions of self-regulation (motive, method, behaviour, time management, and social influence) achieved the best fit to the data collected. All Portuguese SRPB dimensions were predictive of students’ reports of average practice efficiency, grades, and practice time, highlighting preliminary evidence of predictive validity. The internal consistency reliability coefficients ranged from good to excellent (α = .71 to .84). The findings suggest that the Portuguese SRPB produced a valid and reliable measure of the self-regulatory practice behaviour of Portuguese conservatoire students.


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