First occurrences of the host/parasitoid relationship in Brazil and Peru: Bibliographic summary

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 015-041
Author(s):  
Carlos Henrique Marchiori
Keyword(s):  
Definitive Host ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Specific Relationship ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
The Relationship

It is common for parasitoidism to modify the behavior of the host species, facilitating the development and propagation of the parasitoid and establishing a highly specific relationship. In this case, herbivores such as cattle, sheep, deer, and rabbits are the definitive host of the parasitoid. The objective of this review is to describe the first occurrence of the host/parasitoid relationship in Brazil and Peru. The mini review consists of a bibliographic summary of parasitoids of the Order Hymenoptera parasitoids collected in Brazil and Peru. The research was carried out in studies related to the theme with emphasis on the quantitative aspects of the Superfamily, Family, Subfamilies, Genera, and Species (taxonomic groups). A literature search was carried out containing articles published from 2000 to 2021. The mini review was prepared in Goiânia, Goiás, from July to September 2021, using the Electronic Scientific Library Online (Scielo) and internet. Since the relationship between parasitoids and their hosts is very specific, it is common for agricultural pests to be naturally controlled through parasitoidism. Wasps of the Ichneumonoidea and Braconidae family respectively parasitize caterpillars of butterflies and moths, and even aphids.

Past and recent biodiversity profiling in ancient Lake Chalco Mexico by a metagenomics analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bárbara Moguel ◽  
Liseth Pérez ◽  
Luis David Alcaraz ◽  
Socorro Lozano-García ◽  
Luis Herrera-Estrella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Belt ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mexican Volcanic Belt ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Throughput Dna Sequencing ◽  
High Altitude Lake ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
The Relationship

<p>For decades, paleoecological studies in lake sediments have focused on reconstructing the environments of the past and explaining phenomena linked to climatic variations. Recent advances in high-throughput DNA sequencing have allowed access to environmental DNA (eDNA) and ancient sedimentary DNA (sedaDNA) as a new and efficient proxy for past and present biodiversity. The basin of Mexico (BM) is located in the central part of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt at 2,200 m a.s.l.; with the southern portion harboring the Chalco sub-basin. Lake Chalco is one of the last remaining natural aquatic ecosystems within the ever-expanding urban area surrounding Mexico City. The paleoenvironmental history of this lake has been previously characterized using sedimentological and geochemical proxies, as well as preserved microfossils (diatoms, pollen) with a temporal framework based on multiple radiocarbon dates. However, information for the remaining taxonomic groups and metabolic pathways remained unexplored. Here, we present the first metagenomics-based study for the Holocene in a high-altitude lake in Central Mexico –Lake Chalco. We explored the relationship between the lake’s paleoenvironmental condition and estimations of taxonomic and metabolic profiles across the sedimentary sequence (2.5 meters long). Multiple biological and abiotic variables revealed three main environmental phases: 1) a cool freshwater lake (FW1: 11,500-11,000 cal years BP), 2) a warm hyposaline lake (HS2: 11,000-6,000 cal years BP), and 3) a temperate, subsaline lake (SS3, <6,000 cal years BP). We describe the structure of the microbiota community and taxonomy richness turnover in the three Holocene paleoenvironmental phases. During the past 12 000 years BP the most abundant domains in Lake Chalco sediments were Bacteria, followed by Archaea, and Eukarya (36,722 genera). The analysis of functional proteins showed high biodiversity with a total of 27,636,243 proteins identified, but it was only possible to annotate 3,227,398 of them. Also, we identified several genes associated with some relevant pathways, such as methanogenesis. Altogether, this study allowed us to reconstruct the natural history of lake Chalco and its surroundings.</p>

scholarly journals Relationship between macrofauna, mineralogy and exchangeable calcium and magnesium in Cerrado Oxisols under pasture

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 996-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Rodolfo Siqueira Vendrame ◽  
Robélio Leandro Marchão ◽  
Osmar Rodrigues Brito ◽  
Maria de Fátima Guimarães ◽  
Thierry Becquer
Keyword(s):  
Total Carbon ◽  
Soil Macrofauna ◽  
Exchangeable Calcium ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Distrito Federal ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Soil Groups

The objective of this work was to assess the relationship between macrofauna, mineralogy and exchangeable calcium and magnesium in Cerrado Oxisols under pasture. Twelve collection points were chosen in the Distrito Federal and in Formosa municipality, Goiás state, Brazil, representing four soil groups with varied levels of calcium + magnesium and kaolinite/(kaolinite + gibbsite) ratios. Soil macrofauna was collected in triplicate at each collection point, and identified at the level of taxonomic groups. Macrofauna density showed correlation with contents of kaolinite, gibbsite and exchangeable Ca + Mg in the soils. Mineralogy and exchangeable Ca + Mg had significant effects on taxonomic groups and relative density of soil macrofauna. The termites (Isoptera) were more abundant in soils with low exchangeable Ca + Mg; earthworms (Oligochaeta), in soils with high levels of kaolinite; and Hemiptera and Coleoptera larvae were more abundant in gibbsitic soils with higher contents of total carbon.

scholarly journals Digestive involvement in COVID-19: what we have learned in the past 12 months

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Posmag ◽  
Liliana David ◽  
Dan L. Dumitrascu
Keyword(s):  
Observational Studies ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Treatment Schedule ◽  
Gastrointestinal Involvement ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Relationship

Background and aim. The year 2020 will remain in the medical history as the year of COVID-19 pandemic. Although COVID-19 is considered mainly a respiratory disease, it is well known now that SARS-CoV-2 can affect major organs including the digestive system. This is a comprehensive review on gastrointestinal involvement in the SARS-CoV-2 infection, also the digestive damage due to COVID-19. Methods. A literature search was undertaken in main databases of medical publications following the search items digestive or gastrointestinal or gastric or enteral and SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19.  Data on gastrointestinal symptoms and alterations in this viral condition were collected and presented. Only observational studies were included. Results. In this review we discuss the recent information on the relationship between COVID-19 and the digestive system. The putative underlying pathogenic mechanisms of COVID-19 as well as the clinical findings in relation to gastrointestinal changes are presented. Conclusions. SARS-CoV-2 virus can affect any part of the digestive system. Patients with chronic diseases are at greatest risk of adverse out-comes. There is a considerable risk for drug-drug interactions in patients who require a large treatment schedule.

scholarly journals Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Those Dealing With Borderline Personality Disorder or Separation from Parents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice Valencia ◽  
Frikson Christian Sinambela
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Physical Injury ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Suicidal Intention ◽  
Separation From Parents ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Relationship

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a deliberate destruction of one’s own body tissue without suicidal intention that causes physical injury. NSSI is mostly found in adolescents or young adults (Paul, Tsypes, Eidlitz, Ernhout, & Whitlock, 2015). Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is one of the risk factors for developing NSSI. Individuals with borderline personality disorder also experience invalidation during their childhood, this can cause individuals with BPD to feel that they deserve to receive NSSI as a form of self-punishment (Sadeh et al., 2014). In addition, children who experience parental separation (through death, divorce or employment) have a higher risk factor for developing NSSI (Astrup, Pedersen, Mok, Carr, & Webb, 2017). A literature search was conducted in six databases, and a total of 20 relevant articles were found. The explanation of the relationship between non-suicidal self-injury, borderline personality disorder, and loss of or separation from a parent are explored in this study, in order to increase understanding of how NSSI behaviours can be prevented. Keywords: NSSI, Borderline Personality, Separation Parent

scholarly journals Occurrence of Amblyomma rotundatum Koch, 1844 on Epicrates assisi Machado, 1945 in João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-338
Author(s):  
Aksa Ingrid Vieira Batista ◽  
Gabriel Vinicius Carvalho de Lucena ◽  
Kleber Silva de Oliveira Filho ◽  
Thiago Ferreira Lopes Nery ◽  
Thiago Fernandes Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Dorsal Region ◽  
Taxonomic Key ◽  
Caatinga Biome ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
First Time ◽  
Semi Arid

The Caatinga rainbow boa (Epicrates assisi Machado, 1945) is a snake belonging to the order Squamata, family Boidae, and subfamily Boinae. It has a wide distribution in Brazil and can be found in the Caatinga biome. The present study aims to report the first occurrence of Amblyomma rotundatum on E. assisi in the municipality of João Pessoa, Paraíba State (PB). On March 3, 2020, a tick collection was performed on the dorsal region of the head of an E. assisi, which was captive at the Arruda Câmara Zoobotanical Park, João Pessoa-PB. After collecting the tick, it was transferred to a flask containing 70º alcohol and sent to the Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid (UFERSA) for analysis. Identification was done with the aid of a stereomicroscope using a taxonomic key. The result identified this specimen as a nymph of A. rotundatum. The occurrence of this tick species on E. assisi is reported for the first time and constitutes new data applicable to the ectoparasites that occur in this host species in Brazil.

The influence of second intermediate host species on the infectivity of metacercarial cysts of Echinoparyphium recurvatum

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Definitive Host ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Rana Temporaria ◽  
Biomphalaria Glabrata ◽  
Reproductive Status ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Second Intermediate Host

The potential influence of second intermediate host species on the infectivity of metacercarial cysts of Echinoparyphium recurvatum to the definitive host Anas platyrhynchos was examined experimentally. Echinoparyphium recurvatum metacercarial cysts were obtained from the following experimentally infected second intermediate hosts 14 days post expsoure to cercariae: Lymnaea peregra; Physa fontinalis; L. stagnalis;Planorbis planorbis; Biomphalaria glabrata; tadpoles of the amphibian Rana temporaria. Metacercarial cysts from each of these hosts were fed, in doses of 50 cysts per individual, to separate groups composed of between four and eight, 3-day-old A. platyrhynchos ducklings. All A. platyrhynchos were necropsied 15 days post-infection and the number, size, and reproductive status of E. recurvatum worms in the intestine was recorded. Analyses of variance on the number (transformed log (x + 1)) and size of worms revealed no significant differences in worms originating from metacercariae formed in the different second intermediate hosts (worm number P > 0.05, and worm size P > 0.05). All worms recovered were found to be gravid. It is therefore concluded that the species of second intermediate host utilized does not influence the infectivity of the metacercarial cyst of E. recurvatum, nor the subsequent establishment and reproductive status of the parasite in A. platyrhynchos.

scholarly journals What factors explain the geographical range of mammalian parasites?

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1903) ◽  
pp. 20190673 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Byers ◽  
J. P. Schmidt ◽  
Paula Pappalardo ◽  
Sarah E. Haas ◽  
Patrick R. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Living Species ◽  
Habitat Breadth ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Host Characteristics

Free-living species vary substantially in the extent of their spatial distributions. However, distributions of parasitic species have not been comprehensively compared in this context. We investigated which factors most influence the geographical extent of mammal parasites. Using the Global Mammal Parasite Database we analysed 17 818 individual geospatial records on 1806 parasite species (encompassing viruses, bacteria, protozoa, arthropods and helminths) that infect 396 carnivore, ungulate and primate host species. As a measure of the geographical extent of each parasite species we quantified the number and area of world ecoregions occupied by each. To evaluate the importance of variables influencing the summed area of ecoregions occupied by a parasite species, we used Bayesian network analysis of a subset ( n = 866) of the parasites in our database that had at least two host species and complete information on parasite traits. We found that parasites that covered more geographical area had a greater number of host species, higher average phylogenetic relatedness between host species and more sampling effort. Host and parasite taxonomic groups had weak and indirect effects on parasite ecoregion area; parasite transmission mode had virtually no effect. Mechanistically, a greater number of host species probably increases both the collective abundance and habitat breadth of hosts, providing more opportunities for a parasite to have an expansive range. Furthermore, even though mammals are one of the best-studied animal classes, the ecoregion area occupied by their parasites is strongly sensitive to sampling effort, implying mammal parasites are undersampled. Overall, our results support that parasite geographical extent is largely controlled by host characteristics, many of which are subsumed within host taxonomic identity.

scholarly journals Association between Traffic Related Air Pollution and the Development of Asthma Phenotypes in Children: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Lau ◽  
Alex Norman ◽  
Mary Jane Smith ◽  
Atanu Sarkar ◽  
Zhiwei Gao
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Persistent Asthma ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Asthma Phenotypes ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction. Traffic related air pollution (TRAP) has long been associated with the onset of childhood asthma. The relationship between TRAP exposure and the development of childhood asthma phenotypes is less understood. To better understand this relationship, we performed a systematic review of the literature studying childhood TRAP exposure and the development of childhood asthma and wheezing phenotypes (transient, persistent, and late-onset asthma/wheezing phenotypes). Methods. A literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases for current literature, returning 1706 unique articles. After screening and selection, 7 articles were included in the final review. Due to the low number of articles, no meta-analysis was performed. Results. TRAP exposure appears to be associated with both transient and persistent asthma/wheezing phenotypes. However, there was little evidence to suggest a relationship between TRAP exposure and late-onset asthma/wheezing. The differing results may be in part due to the heterogeneity in study methods and asthma/wheezing phenotype definitions, in addition to other factors such as genetics. Conclusion. TRAP exposure may be associated with transient and persistent asthma/wheezing phenotypes in children. The low number of studies and differing results suggest that further studies are warranted.

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