scholarly journals KIR and HLA-C: Immunogenetic regulation of human birth weight

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia E. Farrell ◽  
Susan E. Hiby ◽  
Richard Apps ◽  
Olympe Chazara ◽  
Lill Trogstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gene Interactions ◽  
Stabilizing Selection ◽  
Immune Gene ◽  
Birth Registry ◽  
Immune Genes ◽  
Medical Birth Registry ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Human Birth

Pregnancies resulting in very small or very large babies are at higher risk of obstetric complications with increased morbidity for both mother and baby. Using data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway we have shown how human birth weight is still subject to stabilizing selection. Particular combinations of maternal/fetal immune genes have been implicated in pregnancies resulting in a low birth weight baby (&lt;5th birth weight centile). More specifically, an inhibitory maternal <em>KIRAA</em> genotype with a paternally derived fetal <em>HLA-C2</em> ligand. At the other end of the birth weight spectrum the presence of an activating maternal <em>KIR2DS1</em> gene is associated with increased birth weight in linear or logistic regression analyses of all pregnancies &gt;5th centile (p=0.005, OR=2.65). Thus, inhibitory maternal <em>KIR</em> combined with fetal <em>HLA-C2</em> is more frequently associated with low birth weight, whereas activating maternal <em>KIR</em> with fetal <em>HLA-C2</em> ligand is associated with increasing birth weight. Our findings using the MoBa cohort have replicated the association of <em>KIR </em>and <em>HLA-C </em>seen in poor placentation, and confirm the importance of maternal/fetal immune gene interactions in determining the outcome of pregnancy.

scholarly journals Are there differences in birth weight according to sex and associations with maternal exposure to air pollutants? A cohort study

2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Fernando Costa Nascimento ◽  
Adrian Blanco Machin ◽  
Djalma Antonio Almeida dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Maternal Exposure ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Exposure Windows ◽  
Maternal And Newborn

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Several effects of exposure to air pollutants on human health are known. The aim of this study was to identify whether exposure of pregnant women to air pollutants contributes towards low birth weight and which sex is more affected. DESIGN AND SETTING: Longitudinal study using data on newborns from mothers living in São José do Rio Preto (SP) who were exposed to air pollutants in 2012-2013. METHODS: A hierarchical model on three levels was built using maternal and newborn variables and environmental concentrations of particulate matter, ozone and nitrogen dioxide in quartiles. Preterm new-borns, twins and newborns with birth defects were excluded and exposure windows of 30, 60 and 90 days before delivery were considered. RESULTS: 8,948 newborns were included: 4,491 males (50.2%) and 4,457 females (49.8%); 301 newborns presented low birth weight (3.4%). The mean weight differed between males (3281.0 g) and females (3146.4 g) (P < 0.001). Exposure to ozone was significantly associated with low birth weight in both sexes in the 30-day window (odds ratio, OR = 1.38) and 90-day window (OR = 1.48); and among females, in the 30-day window (OR = 1.58) and 90-day window (OR = 1.59). Exposure to particulate matter had a paradoxical protective effect. No association was found among male newborns. CONCLUSIONS: Female newborns showed greater susceptibility to maternal exposure to air pollutants. Studies on low birth weight in relation to maternal exposure to air pollutants should deal with males and females separately.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LOW BIRTH WEIGHT AND SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS IN IRELAND

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID MADDEN
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Socioeconomic Gradient ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

SummaryThere is now fairly substantial evidence of a socioeconomic gradient in low birth weight for developed countries. The standard summary statistic for this gradient is the concentration index. Using data from the recently published Growing Up in Ireland survey, this paper calculates this index for low birth weight arising from preterm and intrauterine growth retardation. It also carries out a decomposition of this index for the different sources of low birth weight and finds that income inequality appears to be less important for the case of preterm births, while father's education and local environmental conditions appear to be more relevant for intrauterine growth retardation. The application of the standard Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition also indicates that the socioeconomic gradient for low birth weight appears to arise owing to different characteristics between rich and poor, and not because the impact of any given characteristic on low birth weight differs between rich and poor.

scholarly journals Fatores associados ao baixo peso ao nascer em crianças do Rio Grande do Sul

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e43
Author(s):  
Angelica Peripolli ◽  
Anaelena Bragança de Moraes ◽  
Luciane Flores Jacobi ◽  
Roselaine Ruviaro Zanini
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Using Data

In this study were identified and quantified the risk factors associated to live births with low birth weight in Rio Grande do Sul, in 2011 using data from the Information System on Live Births. The prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) was 8.1%. By adjusting logistic regression, two models were proposed. For the first one, the predictors significant risk variables at 5% were: mothers aged 35 or more; nulliparous; with elementary school II or high school; legally separated or divorced; mothers who did not receive prenatal care; birth that occurred outside the hospital; prematurity; female and who had congenital anomaly. The protective effects variables were teenage mothers and who did not work outside the home. The type of delivery was included in the second model proposed, which was more appropriate to estimate the probability of a live birth born underweight. It was possible to conclude that it is important to consider effective actions to vulnerable groups aiming to reduce LBW rates, examining the strong association with infant mortality rates.

scholarly journals Selective fertility – the examples of perinatal death and preeclampsia

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolv Skjærven ◽  
Kari Klungsøyr Melve
Keyword(s):  
Perinatal Death ◽  
Birth Registry ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Perinatal Epidemiology ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Independent Events ◽  
Medical Birth Registry ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Using Data

Introduction. Studies of foetal or perinatal losses are hampered by the fact that a woman’s pregnancies are not independent events, making traditional “cross sectional” design and analyses difficult. A complicating issue is the mechanism of “selective fertility”. Selective fertility is the tendency for a woman to replace a<br />perinatal loss with a new pregnancy until the desired number of children is attained. We wanted to evaluate the effects of selective fertility related to perinatal deaths and to preeclamptic pregnancies, using data covering four decades. Material and Methods. We use data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway, covering the years 1967-2006, altogether 2.3 million births, organized into 1.1 million sibships with the mother as the unit of analysis. Results. Following a perinatal death, the continuation to a next pregnancy is higher then after a live birth, and this elevation of ‘fertility’ has increased over time. After two perinatal losses, the continuation is more then doubled. On the other hand, continuing to a next pregnancy is reduced after a preeclamptic pregnancy, and after two preeclamptic pregnancies the reduction corresponds to 25%. Conclusions. These two examples show that samples of births are strongly hampered by self-selection to pregnancy. Therefore, data organized into sibships should be obligatory for studies in perinatal epidemiology. Perinatal epidemiology is in need for analytical designs that account for dependencies in data

scholarly journals SUBNORMAL BIRTHWEIGHT AND INDUSTRIAL AIR POLLUTANTS – A COMPARISON OF SPATIAL-TEMPORAL HOT SPOT PATTERNS

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. e38-e38
Author(s):  
Charlene Nielsen ◽  
Carl Amrhein ◽  
Jesus Serrano Lomelin ◽  
Osmar Zaiane ◽  
Alvaro Osornio Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Postal Code ◽  
Birth Registry ◽  
Time Pattern ◽  
Increasing Trend

Abstract BACKGROUND Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight are the 2nd cause of infant death in Canada and have been increasing, especially in Alberta. Individual maternal risks are important but environmental exposures during pregnancy may restrict fetal growth. This contributes to small for gestational age (SGA: < tenth percentile weight for pregnancy duration) and low birth weight at term (LBWT: <2500 grams at ≥37 weeks-gestation). OBJECTIVES We examined the spatial-temporal patterns of SGA and LBWT with patterns of pollutants around conception, middle trimester, and birth. DESIGN/METHODS We aggregated postal code locations of mothers’ residences from the 2006–2012 birth registry in to space-time bins to analyze emerging hot spots. We applied the space-time pattern analysis on 70 industrial chemical emissions from the National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI) in estimated three month intervals. Then we statistically associated the classified patterns of SGA/LBWT with the pollutant patterns using the kappa statistic to determine how much the hot spot categories agree. The difference between kappa values indicated which trimester would be more important for which chemical. RESULTS ​There was an increasing trend for SGA (consecutive hot spots) and for LBWT (sporadic hot spots) in major urban centers. There was an increasing trend for 15 chemicals (varying hot spots). 28 chemical patterns had a kappa index greater than 0.2 with SGA or LBWT patterns. Although there is poor agreement between the space-time patterns, the maximum kappa values occurred mostly with LBWT and around birth. CONCLUSION Spatial-temporal patterns of chemicals identified in published literature (e.g. particulate matter and gases) agreed more with timing around conception; however, there were additional pollutants identified during the birth trimester. Our research is moving us toward a better understanding of the spatial-temporal link between environment and early health.

scholarly journals P0731LOW BIRTH WEIGHT IS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER MEASURED GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE IN ADULT AGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjørn Steinar Lillås ◽  
Camilla Tã¸ndel ◽  
Bjørn Egil Vikse
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Normal Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Registry ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Medical Birth Registry ◽  
Measured Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background and Aims Low birth weight (LBW) has been shown to increase the risk of severe kidney disease. Studies have also shown that LBW is associated with lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or creatinine clearance in young adults. In the present study we investigated whether LBW associate with measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) in 40-50 year old adults. Method Retrospective longitudinal cohort study using the Medical Birth Registry of Norway to invite 200 individuals with LBW (birth weight ≤ 2300 gram) and 200 individuals with normal birth weight (NBW, 3500 – 4000 grams). All participants were aged 41 – 52 at time of examination. GFR was measured using plasma clearance of iohexol. Birth weight and gestational age were reported from the Medical Birth Registry. Main outcome was difference in measured GFR. Results We included 105 individuals – 57 LBW and 48 NBW – 55% females. Mean GFR was 94.8 ± 14.2 ml/min/1.73m2 in the LBW group and 100.2 ± 12.5 ml/min/1.73m2 in the NBW group (p=0.043). In females the mean GFR was 90.4 ± 12.2 ml/min/1.73m2 in the LBW group and 100.5 ± 14.0 ml/min/1.73m2 in the NBW group (p=0.005). In males the mean GFR was 101.4 ± 14.5 and 100 ± 11.2 ml/min/1.73m2 in the LBW and NBW groups respectively (p=0.7). In a multi-regression model adjusting for age, maternal age and maternal civil status, we found an increase in mGFR of 4.5 ml/min/1.73m2 for an increase of 1 kg in birth weight (p= 0.02) for women. For men there was a non-significant decrease of 1.2 ml/min/1.73m2 for an increase of 1 kg in birth weight (p=0.6). Conclusion Women aged 41-52 years with low birth weight had significantly lower measured GFR as compared with participants with normal birth weight, there was no difference for men.

scholarly journals Prepregnancy Physical Activity in relation to Offspring Birth Weight: A Prospective Population-Based Study in Norway—The HUNT Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silje Krogsgaard ◽  
Sigridur L. Gudmundsdottir ◽  
Tom I. L. Nilsen
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Birth Registry ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Medical Birth Registry ◽  
Hunt Study ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Reduced Risk

Background. The objective was to examine the association between prepregnancy physical exercise and offspring birth weight and to assess the combined association of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and physical exercise on birth weight.Methods. The study included 2,026 women aged 20–39 years participating in the Norwegian HUNT study and linked with the Medical Birth Registry. We calculated mean differences in birth weight and odds ratios (ORs) for a macrosomic infant (i.e., birth weight>4000 g) using linear and logistic regression analysis.Results. There was no clear association between leisure time physical exercise and mean birth weight. Women who reported no exercise had reduced risk of a macrosomic infant (OR, 0.6; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.4–0.9) compared to women with a high exercise level. Overweight (BMI≥25.0 kg/m2) was associated with an OR of 1.9 (95% CI, 1.2–2.9) for a macrosomic infant among women who reported low exercise levels, whereas the OR was 1.2 (95% CI, 0.8–1.8) among women with higher exercise levels.Conclusion. There was some evidence that women who reported no exercise before pregnancy had lower risk for a macrosomic infant than women who exercised. Pre-pregnancy BMI was positively associated with birth weight and risk of macrosomia but only among the least active women.

scholarly journals Lower birth weight indicates higher risk of autistic traits in discordant twin pairs

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 1091-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Losh ◽  
D. Esserman ◽  
H. Anckarsäter ◽  
P. F. Sullivan ◽  
P. Lichtenstein
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Birth Registry ◽  
Discordant Twin

BackgroundAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder of complex etiology. Although strong evidence supports the causal role of genetic factors, environmental risk factors have also been implicated. This study used a co-twin–control design to investigate low birth weight as a risk factor for ASD.MethodWe studied a population-based sample of 3715 same-sex twin pairs participating in the Child and Adolescent Twin Study of Sweden (CATSS). ASD was assessed using a structured parent interview for screening of ASD and related developmental disorders, based on DSM-IV criteria. Birth weight was obtained from medical birth records maintained by the Swedish Medical Birth Registry.ResultsTwins lower in birth weight in ASD-discordant twin pairs (n=34) were more than three times more likely to meet criteria for ASD than heavier twins [odds ratio (OR) 3.25]. Analyses of birth weight as a continuous risk factor showed a 13% reduction in risk of ASD for every 100 g increase in birth weight (n=78). Analysis of the effect of birth weight on ASD symptoms in the entire population (most of whom did not have ASD) showed a modest association. That is, for every 100 g increase in birth weight, a 2% decrease in severity of ASD indexed by scores on the Autism – Tics, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD), and other Comorbidities (A-TAC) inventory would be expected in the sample as a whole.ConclusionsThe data were consistent with the hypothesis that low birth weight confers risk to ASD. Thus, although genetic effects are of major importance, a non-genetic influence associated with birth weight may contribute to the development of ASD.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document