Comparison of Microbial Isolates and Susceptibility Patterns From the External Ear Canal of Dogs With Otitis Externa

Otic exudate was obtained from 33 dogs with otitis externa for cytopathology and culture. Two samples were taken from the same location in the external ear canal, for a total of 100 samples. Thirty-six (36%) samples isolated only a single organism, of which 21 (21%) were Malassezia spp. Two organisms were present in 23 (23%) of the samples. Cultures of the two samples agreed in 40 (80%) of the 50 pairs. Cytopathology agreed with culture results only 68% of the time. Cytopathology and culture may not be as definitive as previously assumed because of apparent variability of the microbial population within the external canal.

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Prevalence of external ear disorders in Belgian stray cats

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery ◽

10.1177/1098612x17700808 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 149-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Anouck Bollez ◽

Hilde de Rooster ◽

Alessandra Furcas ◽

Sophie Vandenabeele

Keyword(s):

Body Condition ◽

Otitis Externa ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

External Ear ◽

Ear Canal ◽

Malassezia Species ◽

External Ear Canal ◽

Stray Cats ◽

Condition Score ◽

Ocular Discharge

Objectives Feline otitis externa is a multifactorial dermatological disorder about which very little is known. The objective of this study was to map the prevalence of external ear canal disorders and the pathogens causing otitis externa in stray cats roaming around the region of Ghent, Belgium. Methods One hundred and thirty stray cats were randomly selected during a local trap–neuter–return programme. All cats were European Shorthairs. This study included clinical, otoscopic and cytological evaluation of both external ears of each cat. Prospective data used as parameters in this study included the sex, age and body condition score of each cat, as well as the presence of nasal and/or ocular discharge, and the results of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) Snap tests. Results Remarkably, very few (sub)clinical problems of the external ear canal were found in the stray cat population. Malassezia species was by far the most common organism found in the external ear canals of the 130 stray cats. A total of 96/130 (74%) cats were found to have Malassezia species organisms present in one or both ears based on the cytological examination. No correlation was found between the parameters of sex, age, body condition score, the presence of nasal and/or ocular discharge and FIV and FeLV status, and the presence of parasites, bacteria or yeasts. Conclusions and relevance This study provides more information about the normal state of the external ear canal of stray cats. The ears of most stray cats are relatively healthy. The presence of Malassezia species organisms in the external ear canal is not rare among stray cats.

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Histopathology of the soft parts in 50 patients with malignant external otitis

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215100108977 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 103 (4) ◽

pp. 366-368 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

J. Bernheim ◽

J. Sade

Keyword(s):

Skin Lesions ◽

External Otitis ◽

Pathological Feature ◽

External Ear ◽

Ear Canal ◽

Malignant External Otitis ◽

External Ear Canal ◽

External Canal ◽

Skin Biopsies ◽

Skin Coverage

AbstractReports concerning the lesions of the skin coverage of the external ear canal in malignant external otitis (M.E.O.) are very few. To evaluate this problem, we studied the skin lesions of 45 skin biopsies from 40 M.E.O. patients, 23 from regions covering the osseous part of the ear structure, seven from the cartilaginous part of the external canal and 15 from both parts. The epidermis was normal in nine, thickened in 16, with acanthotic thickening and pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia in 20. In the dermis the amount of collagen was normal, but it was infiltrated by the inflammatory process. Acute inflammation was observed in 16 biopsies, subacute in 23, chronic in six. A mixture of acute and chronic changes was present in 18 biopsies. No major abnormalities of the vasculature could be detected. The distinguishing pathological feature of M.E.O. concerns the typical topographic distribution of the inflammation in the osseous part of the external ear canal.

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Otitis externa: the role of the veterinary nurse

The Veterinary Nurse ◽

10.12968/vetn.2021.12.7.306 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 306-310

Author(s):

Sue Paterson

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Otitis Externa ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

External Ear ◽

Ear Canal ◽

Veterinary Practice ◽

External Ear Canal ◽

Veterinary Surgeon

Otitis externa is a common problem in primary care veterinary practice. While the diagnosis and treatment of disease is the responsibility of the attending veterinary surgeon, the veterinary nurse, as an integral part of the veterinary surgeon-led team, plays an important role in the investigation and management of disease. Veterinary nurses are more than capable of assessing the external ear canal both macroscopically and cytologically to help the veterinary surgeon to make a diagnosis. Client facing nurse communications can help with the administration of therapy, provide owner support during treatment to increase compliance and help with follow-up assessments.

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Lyric hearing aid: a rare cause of benign necrotising otitis externa/external ear canal cholesteatoma

BMJ Case Reports ◽

10.1136/bcr-2017-222719 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. bcr-2017-222719 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christopher Thompson ◽

Rohit Gohil ◽

Alex Bennett

Keyword(s):

Otitis Externa ◽

Hearing Aid ◽

External Ear ◽

Ear Canal ◽

External Ear Canal

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Multicentre clinical trial to evaluate microbial spectrum in acute diffuse otitis externa in the residents of Ukraine

OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY 2-3(2) 2019 - OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY ◽

10.37219/2528-8253-2021-5-55 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 55-61

Author(s):

Vasyl I. Popovych

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Otitis Externa ◽

Healthy Population ◽

External Ear ◽

Ear Canal ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Gram Negative ◽

External Ear Canal ◽

Microbial Spectrum

Introduction: Acute diffuse otitis externa is a spread skin inflammation of the external ear canal of the bacterial origin. It is reported at an incidence of up to 10% among healthy population of all age groups. Treatment is known to be based on the empirical approach for prescribing topical antibacterials. Therefore studying the bacterial spectrum of otitis externa causative agents is of great value in terms of relevant antimicrobial therapy. Aim: The objective of the study was to evaluate microbial spectrum in diffuse otitis externa in patients – residents of Ukraine. Materials and methods: Four hundred and ninety-three out-patients diagnosed with acute diffuse otitis externa were enrolled. Microbial composition of the external ear canal microflora was tested and aetiologically relevant titres of colony-forming units (CFU) were determined. Criteria for evaluation: titres of 104 to 106 CFU and >106 CFU were considered aetiologically relevant. titres of <104 CFU were considered aetiologically nonrelevant. Results and discussion: In the majority of cases of acute diffuse otitis externa, infection with Staphylococcus aureus in aetiologically relevant titres is reported in 53.2% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 23.6%. Cases of multimicrobial infection predominantly involving Gram-negative flora were also reported in 27.9%; each of them results in no more than 2 to 3% of otitis externa. Titres of Candida spp. (3.2%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (2.6%) were measured as aetiologically non-relevant. Conclusion: common microbial pathogens in acute diffuse otitis externa in patients of the Ukrainian population are Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Multimicrobial associations predominantly involving Gram-negative flora, which do not exceed 2 to 3% of cases. Fungal infections are a rare cause of otitis externa.

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Outcome of 22 cases of perforated tympanic membrane caused by otomycosis

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1258/0022215011909486 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 115 (11) ◽

pp. 879-880 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

William B. Hurst

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Tympanic Membrane ◽

Otitis Externa ◽

Residual Hearing ◽

External Ear ◽

Ear Canal ◽

Trichloracetic Acid ◽

External Ear Canal ◽

Discrete Area ◽

Perforated Tympanic Membrane

Twenty-two cases of perforated tympanic membrane due to fungal otitis externa were observed over a five-year period.The diagnosis of fungal otitis externa was made on clinical grounds due to the obvious presence of fungal bloom in the external ear canal. Some perforations were noted at the first treatment after the fungal debris had been removed from the external ear canal using a microscope. Other perforations were observed to develop over a few days. Initially, a discrete area of the tympanic membrane appeared white and opaque. As time progressed the white area disintegrated, forming a perforation. Once the otitis externa had resolved most perforations healed spontaneously. Two that were observed to develop during treatment required a myringoplasty. Another one closed significantly but a tiny persistent perforation required cauterization with trichloracetic acid to encourage it to close over completely. The only residual hearing loss was in a case with almost total disintegration of the tympanic membrane requiring a myringoplasty.Treatment of fungal otitis externa for the patients in this series was aural toilet using suction under a microscope and insertion of a gauze wick saturated in a combination of hydrocortisone, clotrimazole, framycetin and gramicidin.

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Isolation of Malassezia pachydermatis and M. sympodialis from the external ear canal of cats with and without otitis externa

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica ◽

10.1556/avet.55.2007.4.6 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 471-477 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

C. Dizotti ◽

Selene Coutinho

Keyword(s):

Otitis Externa ◽

False Negative ◽

Tween 20 ◽

External Ear ◽

Ear Canal ◽

Malassezia Pachydermatis ◽

External Ear Canal ◽

Negative Results ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference

The objective of this study was to determine the presence of Malassezia spp. in the external ear canal of cats with and without otitis. Forty-five animals were studied, 20 with and 25 without otitis externa (OE). Cerumen or secretion from external ear canal samples was cultured on modified Mycosel agar and sterile olive oil was added to the surface of the medium before specimen seeding. The isolates were analysed for macro- and micromorphology and identified by catalase tests and on the basis of growth on Tween 20, 40, 60 and 80. Malassezia spp. were isolated from 15 out of 20 (75%) animals with otitis and from 7 out of 25 (28%) cats without OE; the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05). Malassezia pachydermatis and M. sympodialis were isolated from 60% (12/20) and 40% (8/20) of cats with otitis, respectively, with no significant difference in the frequency of isolation between the two species. In the microflora of the healthy ear canal M. pachydermatis was significantly more common (6/25, 24%) than M. sympodialis (1/25, 4%). The present investigation confirms that M. sympodialis can also act as an aetiological agent of feline OE, and if commercial veterinary laboratories do not use media with added lipids for the isolation of Malassezia spp., this might lead to false-negative results.

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Malignant Mucosal Melanoma of the Eustachian Tube With Extension Into the Ipsilateral External Ear Canal: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Ear Nose & Throat Journal ◽

10.1177/0145561320904813 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 014556132090481

Author(s):

Lifeng Li ◽

Nyall R. London ◽

Xiaohong Chen

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Eustachian Tube ◽

Middle Ear ◽

Mucosal Melanoma ◽

External Ear ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Ear Canal ◽

External Ear Canal ◽

External Canal

Mucosal melanoma arising in the middle ear or eustachian tube is uncommon. We present a patient with hearing loss and otalgia found to have mucosal melanoma which occurred in the eustachian tube with extension into the middle ear cavity and external ear canal. Otologic clinics was consulted and biopsy of the mass located at the external canal was performed to ascertain the pathological diagnosis. The patient refused immunotherapy and surgery instead of undergoing radiotherapy and died from hepatic metastasis 8 months later. The mucosal melanoma originated from the eustachian tube with extension into the external ear canal is exceedingly rare, and the differential diagnosis should be considered for tumors in external ear canal.

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