scholarly journals THE EFFECTS ON COGNITIVE RESERVE (CR) GENERATED BY EXERCISE IN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rian Lima ◽  
Carlos Silva ◽  
João Santos ◽  
Letícia Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Habitual Physical Activity ◽  
Regular Form ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Development And Evolution

Background: Cognitive reserve (CR) is a concept that describes a large amount of neural changes, which come from habits, like physical activity. CR protects the brain against the development and evolution of dementia. The possible mechanisms of these changes still remain unknown, and this lack of knowledge distorts the elaboration of practices capable of amplifying this protection. Objectives: To analyze the data about how physical activity can reverberate on the nervous system, relating the effects of exercise and development of AD. Methods: Search in the Pubmed database using descriptors: “Physical activity” OR “Exercise” AND “Cognitive reserve” AND “Alzheimer”. All articles that include any physiological correlation between exercise and CR were analysed. Results: Sedentaries people had greater β-amyloid loads in the brain and lower levels of it in the cerebrospinal fluid. Furthermore, habitual physical activity may improve serum level of brain derived neurotrophic factor, a protein which is capable of enhancing synaptic plasticity and leads to the formation of new neurons in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. The studies also showed that aerobics exercises have a greater effect on CR, mainly if they are done in a regular form. Conclusion: Habitual physical activity can impact AD by helping the effectiveness of the treatment and delaying it´s evolution.

scholarly journals Neuroplasticity in visual impairments

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Ramiler Silva ◽  
Tiago Farias ◽  
Fernando Cascio ◽  
Levi Dos Santos ◽  
Vinícius Peixoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Cortical Reorganization ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Visual Areas ◽  
Visual Acuity Loss ◽  
The Brain

The visual acuity loss enables the brain to access new pathways in the quest to overcome the visual limitation and this is wellknown as neuroplasticity which have mechanisms to cortical reorganization. In this review, we related the evidences about the neuroplasticity as well as cortical anatomical differences and functional repercussions in visual impairments. We performed a systematic review of PUBMED database, without date or status publication restrictions. The findings demonstrate that the visual impairment produce a compensatory sensorial effect, in which non-visual areas are related to both cross (visual congenital) and multimodal (late blind) neuroplasticity.

scholarly journals PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND COVID-19: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF ITS IMPORTANCE AND THE BEST MEASURES TO BE CARRIED OUT

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Adriano Alberti ◽  
Eliton Marcio Zanoni
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Who Standards ◽  
At Home

OBJETIVES: The practice of physical activity is important to control and combat various chronic diseases, including improving the immune system, but in times of pandemic, the best way to prevent the spread of COVID-19 is isolation and social distancing, consequently causing people to become inactive. This work is a systematic review to address the practice of physical activity amidst the Covid-19 pandemic. METHODS: This article aims to address the topic through a systematic review. It consists of a systematic literature review carried out through research in the Pubmed database. Nine articles were selected. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that the practice of physical activity is beneficial during the pandemic, but that it should be carried out at home, or in environments that respect WHO standards.

scholarly journals Environmental Factors Promoting Neural Plasticity: Insights from Animal and Human Studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Mandolesi ◽  
Francesca Gelfo ◽  
Laura Serra ◽  
Simone Montuori ◽  
Arianna Polverino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Regular Physical Activity ◽  
Interindividual Difference ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Made In

We do not all grow older in the same way. Some individuals have a cognitive decline earlier and faster than others who are older in years but cerebrally younger. This is particularly easy to verify in people who have maintained regular physical activity and healthy and cognitively stimulating lifestyle and even in the clinical field. There are patients with advanced neurodegeneration, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), that, despite this, have mild cognitive impairment. What determines this interindividual difference? Certainly, it cannot be the result of only genetic factors. We are made in a certain manner and what we do acts on our brain. In fact, our genetic basis can be modulated, modified, and changed by our experiences such as education and life events; daily, by sleep schedules and habits; or also by dietary elements. And this can be seen as true even if our experiences are indirectly driven by our genetic basis. In this paper, we will review some current scientific research on how our experiences are able to modulate the structural organization of the brain and how a healthy lifestyle (regular physical activity, correct sleep hygiene, and healthy diet) appears to positively affect cognitive reserve.

scholarly journals Folate and Methylation Status in Relation to Phosphorylated Tau Protein(181P) and β-Amyloid(1–42) in Cerebrospinal Fluid

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 1129-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rima Obeid ◽  
Mariz Kasoha ◽  
Jean-Pierre Knapp ◽  
Panagiotis Kostopoulos ◽  
George Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Tau Protein ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Phosphorylated Tau ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
Folate And Vitamin B12 ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Phosphorylated Tau Protein

Abstract Background: Increased plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) is a risk factor for neurological diseases, but the underlying pathophysiology has not been adequately explained. Methods: We evaluated concentrations of tHcy, S-adenosyl homocysteine (SAH), S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), folate, and vitamin B12 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma or serum from 182 patients with different neurological disorders. We measured concentrations of phosphorylated tau protein (P-tau)(181P) and β-amyloid(1–42) in the CSF. Results: Aging was associated with higher concentrations of tHcy and SAH in the CSF, in addition to lower concentrations of CSF folate and lower SAM:SAH ratio. Concentrations of CSF SAH and CSF folate correlated significantly with those of P-tau (r = 0.46 and r = −0.28, respectively). Moreover, P-tau correlated negatively with SAM:SAH ratio (r = −0.40, P <0.001). The association between SAH and higher P-tau was observed in 3 age groups (<41, 41–60, and >60 years). CSF tHcy was predicted by concentrations of CSF cystathionine (β = 0.478), folate (β = −0.403), albumin (β = 0.349), and age (β = 0.298). Conclusions: tHcy concentration in the brain is related to age, B vitamins, and CSF albumin. Increase of CSF SAH is related to increased CSF P-tau; decreased degradation of P-tau might be a plausible explanation. Disturbed methyl group metabolism may be the link between hyperhomocysteinemia and neurodegeneration. Lowering tHcy and SAH might protect the brain by preventing P-tau accumulation.

VP168 Assessment Of Plasmapheresis For Alzheimer's Disease Systematic Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. 227-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Setefilla Luengo-Matos ◽  
Mar Polo-Desantos ◽  
Luis Maria Sanchez-Gomez ◽  
Juan Pablo Chalco Orrego
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Extended Study ◽  
Beta Peptides ◽  
The Brain

INTRODUCTION:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. Plasmapheresis is a procedure consisting of removing the plasma, or specific elements which are considered to be involved in pathological processes. Plasmapheresis could reduce the A beta peptides load in the brain. The objective is to study the safety and efficacy of plasmapheresis for AD.METHODS:Systematic review, with all studies published before April 2016 reviewed. Selected studies included patients with AD treated with plasmapheresis. GRADE was used to assess quality. Efficacy outcomes include: (i) Cognitive, functional and behavior status, through Mini Mental State Examination, and Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive test; (ii) Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid A beta levels; (iii) Brain-imaging and functional neuroimaging studies. Safety outcomes included side effects related to the treatment.RESULTS:Two papers reporting results from three studies were selected: (i) pilot study (n = 10), (ii) its extended study (12 months more of follow-up) (n = 7), and (iii) clinical trial (n = 39). The quality of evidence was very low. About efficacy, the studies didn't report quantitative results and were inconclusive. The pilot study and its extended study reported (1): a tendency towards stabilization in cognitive status; the plasma levels of A beta peptides didn't show a clear pattern; and the brain-imaging assessment suggested a progressive volume increase in the hippocampus. The clinical trial reported in the experimental group vs control (2): a better score for the cognitive status; an increase of plasma A beta peptides; and did not find significant differences between groups for cerebrospinal fluid A beta peptides. The brain-imaging assessment showed a progressive loss of hippocampus volume in both groups. Regarding safety, the studies didn't report quantitative data. We didn't find economic evaluation studies.CONCLUSIONS:The included studies had very high risk of bias and very low quality. We found no evidence on efficacy and safety of plasmapheresis treating AD. Plasmapheresis isn't a priority line in research of AD treatment.

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