Robust Stabilization via Super-Stable Systems Techniques

In this paper, we propose a direct method for the synthesis of robust systems operating under parametric uncertainty of the control plant model. The developed robust control procedures are based on the assumption that the structural properties of the nominal system are conservated over the entire range of parameter changes. The invariant-to-parametric-uncertainties transformation of the initial model to a regular form makes it possible to use the concept of super-stable systems for the synthesis of a stabilizing feedback. It is essential that the synthesis of super-stable systems is carried out not on the basis of assigning eigenvalues to the matrix of the close-loop system, but in terms of its elements. The proposed approach is applicable to a wide class of linear systems with parametric uncertainties and provides a given degree of stability.

Optimal Reciprocal Reinsurance under VaR or TVaR Constraint

Most existing researches on optimal reinsurance contract are based on an insurer’s viewpoint. However, the optimal reinsurance contract for an insurer is not necessarily to be optimal for a reinsurer. Hence, this study aims to develop the optimal reciprocal reinsurance which satisfies the benefits of both the insurer and reinsurer. Additionally, due to legislative restriction or risk management requirement, the wealth of insurer and reinsurer are frequently imposed upon a VaR (Value-at-Risk) or TVaR (Tail Value-at-Risk) constraint. Therefore, this study develops an optimal reciprocal reinsurance contract which maximizes the common benefits (evaluated by weighted addition of expected utilities) of the insurer and reinsurer subject to their VaR or TVaR constraints. Furthermore, for avoiding moral hazard problem, the developed contract is additionally restricted to a regular form or incentive compatibility (both indemnity schedule and retained loss schedule are continuously nondecreasing).

Polaron Models with Regular Interactions at Strong Coupling

We study a class of polaron-type Hamiltonians with sufficiently regular form factor in the interaction term. We investigate the strong-coupling limit of the model, and prove suitable bounds on the ground state energy as a function of the total momentum of the system. These bounds agree with the semiclassical approximation to leading order. The latter corresponds here to the situation when the particle undergoes harmonic motion in a potential well whose frequency is determined by the corresponding Pekar functional. We show that for all such models the effective mass diverges in the strong coupling limit, in all spatial dimensions. Moreover, for the case when the phonon dispersion relation grows at least linearly with momentum, the bounds result in an asymptotic formula for the effective mass quotient, a quantity generalizing the usual notion of the effective mass. This asymptotic form agrees with the semiclassical Landau–Pekar formula and can be regarded as the first rigorous confirmation, in a slightly weaker sense than usually considered, of the validity of the semiclassical formula for the effective mass.

Neuro-adaptive Fixed-time Non-singular Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Control Design for a Class of Under-actuated Nonlinear Systems

This paper presents a fixed-time control design for a class of uncertain under-actuated nonlinear systems (UNS) using a non-singular fast terminal sliding mode control (TSMC) with a radial basis function (RBF) based estimator to achieve the fast convergence and robustness against the uncertain disturbances. The generalized mathematical model of the considered class is first reduced into an equivalent regular form, which is more convenient for any control synthesis design. A fast TSMC is designed for the transformed regular form to improve the control performance and annihilate the associated singularity problem of the conventional TSMC scheme. The steering of sliding manifold and system states in fixed-time is ensured through the Lyapunov stability theory. The RBF-based neural networks are used to adaptively estimate the nonlinear drift functions, which are feedbacked to the control input. The theoretical design, analysis and simulations of cart-pendulum and quadcopter systems demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of the regular form transformation and the designed control design. Comparing the proposed control synthesis with the standard literature presents the attractive nature of the proposed method for such a class.

Sin and Redemption

This chapter discusses how sin is viewed and how it affects health. The existence of an extrasensory dimension perceptible only to a select few through visions and other mystical experiences was not called into question. The two spheres — the visible and the invisible — were bound up in a tightly woven mesh of interdependencies. Not only did they influence each other in matters including human health, but they were also reflections of each other. The notion of sickness as punishment recurs several times in the Talmud. The causes of ailments were interpreted using a combination of conceptions drawn from various traditions. The motif of punishment was a perennial subject of study in rabbinic Orthodoxy and Hasidism alike. The Jews living in eastern Europe believed that there were seven things which made life shorter: anger and envy, greed and pride, gossip, debauchery, and idleness. Anyone who lived to a ripe old age was considered fortunate and blessed. Those who died prematurely were thought to have to live out the rest of their years in another incarnation. In the popular understanding, the bond between the human soul and body was so strong that even the smallest flaw in the former would immediately manifest in the latter. Sickness presented an opportunity to purify oneself from sins. To the traditional Jewish community, prayer could have a bearing on health primarily as a regular form of fulfilment of divine service. The sin of neglect affected not only the human soul but also the body.

Testing the Tolerance Principle: Children form productive rules when it is more computationally efficient

During language acquisition, children must learn when to generalize a pattern – applying it broadly and to new words (‘add –ed’ in English) – and when to restrict generalization, storing the pattern only with specific lexical items. But what governs when children will form productive rules during language acquisition? How do they determine when a pattern is widespread enough to generalize to novel words, and when a pattern should not extend beyond the cases they have observed in their input? One effort to quantify the conditions for generalization, the Tolerance Principle (Yang, 2016), has been shown to accurately predict children’s generalization behavior in dozens of corpus-based studies. The Tolerance Principle hypothesizes that a general rule will be formed when it is computationally more efficient than storing lexical forms individually. Here we test the Tolerance Principle in two artificial language experiments with children. In both experiments, we exposed children to a language with 9 novel nouns, some of which followed a regular pattern to form the plural (-ka) and some of which were exceptions to this rule. As predicted by the Tolerance Principle, in Experiment 1 we found that children exposed to 5 regular forms and 4 exceptions generalized, applying the regular form to 100% of novel test words. Children exposed to 3 regular forms and 6 exceptions did not extend the rule, even though the regular form was still the majority token in this condition. In Experiment 2, we found that children continued to behave categorically: either forming a productive rule (applying the regular form on all test trials) or using the regular form no more than predicted by chance. We found that the Tolerance Principle can be used to predict whether children will form a productive generalization or not based on each child’s individual vocabulary size. The Tolerance Principle appears to capture something fundamental about the way in which children form productive generalizations during language acquisition.

Aromatic compounds in bitumoids of the Bazhenov Formation in the North of the Khantey hemiantheclise

The main features of the geochemistry of individual aromatic compounds (phenanthrenes, dibenzothiophenes, mono- and triaromatic steroids) in chloroform extracts (bitumoids) from the open (regular form and coarse-crushed (≥0.5 cm) samples) and closed (fine-crushed (0.25 mm) samples) pore space of the Bazhenov Formation have been determined. The differences in the aromatic compounds distribution of organic matter of the Bazhenov Formation in the North of the Khantey hemiantheclise (Surgut region, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District, Western Siberia) are mainly related to its stage of thermal maturity which decreases in the south-west direction within the studying area. The most sensitive to maturity variations at the same catagenesis gradation are the parameters: CPI, Ts/Tm, 1/Ki ((n-C17 + n-C18)/(Pr + Ph)), MDR (4-MDBT/1-MDBT), DBTI ((2+3-MDBT)/DBT) and TASI (TAS I/(TAS I + TAS II)). Based on some indicators (PI, MPI, PP-1, MDR, DBTI etc.), it is possible to notice the decrease and equalization of its values in bitumoids from closed pores compared with those from open ones. It seems to be associated with the removal of the most transformed, light and migratory-capable part of bitumoids during their extraction from the open pore space of rocks.

Legal basis of parliamentary elections in the Republic of Azerbaijan

As in other democratic states, parliamentary elections are the most regular form of citizen participation in the management of the state and public life in the Republic of Azerbaijan. Also, parliamentary elections are a mechanism that ensures the transparency of state power and facilitates the legalization of this area. The democratic and free conduct of elections, which is an expression of people’s will, depends on the socio-political stability in the country and the existence of norms that legally regulate the conduct of these elections. In this sense, the Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Election Code are the main acts regulating election law relations. These legal acts create methods for the democratic conduct of elections, including parliamentary elections in the Republic of Azerbaijan, Key words: elections, suffrage, majoritarian election system, voter signature, election commission.

Pengaplikasian Golden Ratio Pada Perancangan Logo Dalam Perspektif Desain Komunikasi Visual

<p class="SammaryHeader" align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>In the scientific field of visual communication design, the logo is one of the most frequently made designs and has a good market share. Along with the times, designing a logo work has undergone various forms and forms of transitions. The design process has also undergone innovation from various aspects ranging from concepts to the final results. The amount of market demand for a good logo makes the logo designers try to maximize the logo making process to match the expected results. One form of the logo-making process is by applying the golden ratio as a benchmark in determining the proportion and order of a harmonious and regular form to produce an aesthetic visual form. Understanding of the golden ratio is needed as a guide for graphic designers to be able to create a design work that has a basis for structured patterns and arrangements.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords </em></strong><em>: Logo, Graphic Design, Visual Communication Design, Golden Ratio, DKV</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p class="SammaryHeader" align="center"><strong><em>Abstrak</em></strong></p><p><em>Dalam bidang desain komunikasi visual, logo merupakan salah satu karya desain yang paling sering dibuat dan memiliki pangsa pasar yang baik. Seiring dengan perkembangan jaman, perancangan sebuah karya logo telah mengalami berbagai macam transisi bentuk dan rupa. Proses perancangannya pun telah mengalami inovasi dari berbagai aspek mulai dari konsep hingga hasil akhirnya. Banyaknya permintaan pasar akan logo yang baik membuat para perancang logo berusaha memaksimalkan proses pembuatan logo agar sesuai dengan hasil yang diharapkan. Salah satu bentuk proses pembuatan logo adalah dengan cara mengaplikasikan golden ratio sebagai patokan dalam menentukan proporsi dan tatanan bentuk yang harmonis dan teratur untuk menghasilkan bentuk visual yang estetis. Pemahaman akan golden ratio dibutuhkan sebagai panduan para desainer grafis untuk dapat menciptakan suatu karya desain yang memiliki landasan akan pola dan tatanan yang terstruktur.</em></p><p><strong><em>Kata Kunci </em></strong><em>: Logo, Desain Grafis, Desain Komunikasi Visual, Golden Ratio, DKV</em></p>