scholarly journals What Is Lost During Dreamless Sleep: The Relationship Between Neural Connectivity Patterns and Consciousness

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Klimova
Keyword(s):  
Neural Connectivity ◽  
Connectivity Patterns ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dreamless Sleep

Genetic dyslexia risk variant is related to neural connectivity patterns underlying phonological awareness in children

NeuroImage ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 414-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Skeide ◽  
Holger Kirsten ◽  
Indra Kraft ◽  
Gesa Schaadt ◽  
Bent Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phonological Awareness ◽  
Neural Connectivity ◽  
Risk Variant ◽  
Connectivity Patterns

scholarly journals The key role of prefrontal cortex structure and function

2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-22
Author(s):  
Antonino Raffone ◽  
Gary L. Brase
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Neural Connectivity ◽  
Neuronal Connectivity ◽  
Connectivity Patterns ◽  
Brain Expansion ◽  
And Function

The tension between focusing on species similarities versus species differences (phylogenetic versus adaptationist approaches) recurs in discussions about the nature of neural connectivity and organization following brain expansion. Whereas Striedter suggests a primary role for response inhibition, other possibilities include dense recurrent connectivity loops. Computer simulations and brain imaging technologies are crucial in better understanding actual neuronal connectivity patterns.

scholarly journals A simple generative model of the mouse mesoscale connectome

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sid Henriksen ◽  
Rich Pang ◽  
Mark Wronkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Generative Model ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Neural Connectivity ◽  
Developmental Processes ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Connectivity Patterns ◽  
Organizational Principles

Recent technological advances now allow for the collection of vast data sets detailing the intricate neural connectivity patterns of various organisms. Oh et al. (2014) recently published the most complete description of the mouse mesoscale connectome acquired to date. Here we give an in-depth characterization of this connectome and propose a generative network model which utilizes two elemental organizational principles: proximal attachment ‒ outgoing connections are more likely to attach to nearby nodes than to distant ones, and source growth ‒ nodes with many outgoing connections are likely to form new outgoing connections. We show that this model captures essential principles governing network organization at the mesoscale level in the mouse brain and is consistent with biologically plausible developmental processes.

scholarly journals Tripping over the other: Could psychedelics increase empathy?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Blatchford ◽  
Stephen Bright ◽  
Liam Engel
Keyword(s):  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Neural Connectivity ◽  
Psychological Conditions ◽  
Psychedelic Drug ◽  
Prosocial Attitudes ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy is effective for a range of psychological conditions. There are likely numerous mechanisms of action that contribute to these clinical effects. One such mechanism of action might involve psychedelics increasing levels of empathic functioning. This paper synthesises research concerning the relationship between psychedelics and empathy, emphasising neuroscientific and clinical contexts. We conclude that neuropsychological and clinical evidence imply psychedelics could lead to increased empathic functioning. The effects of psychedelics on the 5-HT system, default mode network, neural connectivity and ego dissolution are implicated in these changes. Changes in empathic functioning also likely relate to increases in the personality trait of openness associated with psychedelic drug use, which is well documented. Increased empathic function likely has clinical implications, leading to increased social connectedness as well as prosocial attitudes and behaviours more broadly.

scholarly journals Highly task-specific and distributed neural connectivity in working memory revealed by single-trial decoding in mice and humans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Strahnen ◽  
Sampath K.T. Kapanaiah ◽  
Alexei M. Bygrave ◽  
Birgit Liss ◽  
David M. Bannerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Neural Connectivity ◽  
Task Specificity ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
Connectivity Patterns ◽  
Unbiased Manner ◽  
Beta Frequency

AbstractWorking memory (WM), the capacity to briefly and intentionally maintain mental items, is key to successful goal-directed behaviour and impaired in a range of psychiatric disorders. To date, several brain regions, connections, and types of neural activity have been correlatively associated with WM performance. However, no unifying framework to integrate these findings exits, as the degree of their species- and task-specificity remains unclear. Here, we investigate WM correlates in three task paradigms each in mice and humans, with simultaneous multi-site electrophysiological recordings. We developed a machine learning-based approach to decode WM-mediated choices in individual trials across subjects from hundreds of electrophysiological measures of neural connectivity with up to 90% prediction accuracy. Relying on predictive power as indicator of correlates of psychological functions, we unveiled a large number of task phase-specific WM-related connectivity from analysis of predictor weights in an unbiased manner. Only a few common connectivity patterns emerged across tasks. In rodents, these were thalamus-prefrontal cortex delta- and beta-frequency connectivity during memory encoding and maintenance, respectively, and hippocampal-prefrontal delta- and theta-range coupling during retrieval, in rodents. In humans, task-independent WM correlates were exclusively in the gamma-band. Mostly, however, the predictive activity patterns were unexpectedly specific to each task and always widely distributed across brain regions. Our results suggest that individual tasks cannot be used to uncover generic physiological correlates of the psychological construct termed WM and call for a new conceptualization of this cognitive domain in translational psychiatry.

scholarly journals Multivariate Neural Connectivity Patterns in Early Infancy Predict Later Autism Symptoms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail Dickinson ◽  
Manjari Daniel ◽  
Andrew Marin ◽  
Bilwaj Gaonkar ◽  
Mirella Dapretto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Infancy ◽  
Neural Connectivity ◽  
Autism Symptoms ◽  
Connectivity Patterns

scholarly journals Inferring Functional Neural Connectivity with Phase Synchronization Analysis: A Review of Methodology

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junfeng Sun ◽  
Zhijun Li ◽  
Shanbao Tong
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Phase Synchronization ◽  
Significance Test ◽  
Neural Connectivity ◽  
Neural Signals ◽  
Instantaneous Phase ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
Observational Noise ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Functional neural connectivity is drawing increasing attention in neuroscience research. To infer functional connectivity from observed neural signals, various methods have been proposed. Among them, phase synchronization analysis is an important and effective one which examines the relationship of instantaneous phase between neural signals but neglecting the influence of their amplitudes. In this paper, we review the advances in methodologies of phase synchronization analysis. In particular, we discuss the definitions of instantaneous phase, the indexes of phase synchronization and their significance test, the issues that may affect the detection of phase synchronization and the extensions of phase synchronization analysis. In practice, phase synchronization analysis may be affected by observational noise, insufficient samples of the signals, volume conduction, and reference in recording neural signals. We make comments and suggestions on these issues so as to better apply phase synchronization analysis to inferring functional connectivity from neural signals.

scholarly journals Zur subjektlosen Souveränität des traumlosen Schlafs: Dissoziation, Trauma und Erwachen bei Perec und Moshfegh

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-61
Author(s):  
Nikolaus Lehner
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Social Science ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dreamless Sleep ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractMuch has been written about dreaming, but deep, dreamless sleep still seems to receive little attention within cultural studies and social science. This article analyses Georges Perec's A Man Who Sleeps and Ottessa Moshfegh's My Year of Rest and Relaxation in terms of the phantasm of metamorphosis enabled by sleep. These two novels show that the polarity of waking and dreaming can be relativized and shifted to the polarity between waking-dreaming/sleeping: This shift becomes particularly productive when it comes to the question of losing and finding ones identity, but also when we try to shed light on the relationship between (ideological or biographical) subjectification and self-overcoming. At the centre of this article is the notion of the sovereignty of sleep, which could allow both day life and dream life to be lifted out of joint.

scholarly journals Dynamic Functional Connectivity Patterns in Schizophrenia and the Relationship With Hallucinations

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Weber ◽  
Erik Johnsen ◽  
Rune A. Kroken ◽  
Else-Marie Løberg ◽  
Sevdalina Kandilarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Dynamic Functional Connectivity ◽  
Connectivity Patterns ◽  
The Relationship
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