scholarly journals International Real Estate Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-294
Author(s):  
Chu-Chia Lin: ◽  
◽  
Po-Sheng Lai ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Household Finance ◽  
Tenure Choice ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Household Spending ◽  
Saving Behavior ◽  
Stage Estimation ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the impact of tenure choice on saving for Chinese households. Since housing expenditure usually accounts for a large portion of household spending, households need to consider how much they have in order to save for future housing spending when they decide on their daily expenditures, including food, clothing, transportation, education, leisure, and so on and so forth. We estimate the tenure choice behavior of Chinese households by first, applying a data set from the China Household Finance Survey and separating households into three types of tenure choice, namely, renters, owner-occupied with a mortgage, and owner-occupied without a mortgage. Then, we estimate the actual impact of tenure choice on saving by applying the Heckman two-stage model. Our estimations show two important results. First, the coefficients of the inverse Mills ratio are significant which implies that a two-stage estimation model is appropriate. Secondly, the estimated coefficients for the factors that affect saving behavior under the two-stage model are significantly different from those under a conventional model. The result shows that, without considering tenure choice, the conventional method of estimation for factors that affect saving behavior will be biased.

scholarly journals Revenue diversification and financial sustainability of microfinance institutions

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Nderitu Githaiga
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Revenue Diversification ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Method Of Moments Estimation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate whether revenue diversification affects the financial sustainability of microfinance institutions (MFIs).Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a worldwide panel data set of 443 MFIs in 108 countries for the period 2013–2018 and two-step system Generalized Method of Moments estimation model.FindingsThe study finds that revenue diversification has a significant and positive effect on the financial sustainability of MFIs.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study actually offer important managerial and policy lessons on MFIs’ financial sustainability. Microfinance managers and policymakers should consider revenue diversification as a strategy through which MFIs can attain financial sustainability instead of overreliance on donations and government subsidiesOriginality/valueUnlike previous studies that examined revenue diversification in the context of banking firms, this study contributes to literature by examining the impact of revenue diversification of the financial sustainability of MFIs.

Having your cake and eating it too? A two-stage model of the impact of employment and parallel job search on hybrid nascent entrepreneurship

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 106042
Author(s):  
Kim Klyver ◽  
Paul Steffens ◽  
Carina Lomberg
Keyword(s):  
Job Search ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Nascent Entrepreneurship ◽  
Parallel Job ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Diagnostic accuracy of a two-stage model for detecting obstructive sleep apnoea in chronic tetraplegia

Thorax ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 864-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marnie Graco ◽  
Rachel Schembri ◽  
Susan Cross ◽  
Chinnaya Thiyagarajan ◽  
Shirin Shafazand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Original Model ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Cord Injury

BackgroundObstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is highly prevalent in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). Polysomnography (PSG) is the gold-standard diagnostic test for OSA, however PSG is expensive and frequently inaccessible, especially in SCI. A two-stage model, incorporating a questionnaire followed by oximetry, has been found to accurately detect moderate to severe OSA (MS-OSA) in a non-disabled primary care population. This study investigated the accuracy of the two-stage model in chronic tetraplegia using both the original model and a modified version for tetraplegia.MethodsAn existing data set of 78 people with tetraplegia was used to modify the original two-stage model. Multivariable analysis identified significant risk factors for inclusion in a new tetraplegia-specific questionnaire. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses of the questionnaires and oximetry established thresholds for diagnosing MS-OSA. The accuracy of both models in diagnosing MS-OSA was prospectively evaluated in 100 participants with chronic tetraplegia across four international SCI units.ResultsInjury completeness, sleepiness, self-reported snoring and apnoeas were included in the modified questionnaire, which was highly predictive of MS-OSA (ROC area under the curve 0.87 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.95)). The 3% oxygen desaturation index was also highly predictive (0.93 (0.87–0.98)). The two-stage model with modified questionnaire had a sensitivity and specificity of 83% (66–93) and 88% (75–94) in the development group, and 77% (65–87) and 81% (68–90) in the validation group. Similar results were demonstrated with the original model.ConclusionImplementation of this simple alternative to full PSG could substantially increase the detection of OSA in patients with tetraplegia and improve access to treatments.Trial registration numberResults, ACTRN12615000896572 (The Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry) and pre-results, NCT02176928 (clinicaltrials.gov).

A Two-stage Model of Tenure Choice in the Housing Market

Urban Studies ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.F. Doling
Keyword(s):  
Housing Market ◽  
Tenure Choice ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Two Stage

scholarly journals The Impact of Intangible Assets and Sub-Components of Intangible Assets on Sustainable Growth and Firm Value: Evidence from Turkish Listed Firms

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ocak ◽  
Fındık
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Intangible Assets ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Stage Estimation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Economic Competence

This study explores the effect of intangible assets and sub-components of intangible assets on sustainable growth and firm value in Turkey. The cumulative (i.e., aggregative) value of intangible assets of firms and sub-components of intangible assets were used as test variables in the current study. Further, intangible assets of the firms were divided into three sub-components using the classification of Corrado, Hulten and Sichel, namely computerized information and database, innovative property, and economic competence. Firms listed on Borsa İstanbul were analyzed to test the hypotheses. Two different measures of sustainable growth of firms and unique measure of firm value were used as dependent variables. The final sample includes 1353 observations for nine years between 2005–2013 in Turkey. Ordinary least square (OLS) and Heckman two-stage estimation procedures were employed to test the hypotheses. Estimation results of OLS and Heckman two-stage procedures show that the cumulative value of intangible assets affect the sustainable growth rates of firms and firm value positively. When the cumulative value of intangible assets was classified into three sub-components, both computerized information and database and economic competence impact the sustainable growth rates of firms and firm value.

Essay versus Multiple Choice Exams; An Experiment in the Principles of Macroeconomics Course

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick B. O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Production Function ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Education Production Function ◽  
Test Type ◽  
Education Production ◽  
Essay Exams ◽  
Stage Estimation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Student’S Attitude

Examining the impact of test type in Principles of Macroeconomics via two-stage estimation of an education production function, I find that students do better on a post–course TUCE when they take multiple choice exams throughout the semester instead of taking essay exams. The type of test, however, does not impact the student's attitude toward economics or the decision to complete the course.

scholarly journals INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS FOR EVALUATING THE BANKING INDUSTRY IN THE TAIWAN: AN APPLICATION OF A VALUE CHAIN DEA

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 901-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mu-Shun Wang ◽  
Shih-Tong Lu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Financial Derivatives ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Impact

The main purpose of the paper is utilizing a new tool to measure the marginal benefits of information technology on productivity based upon identifying the two-stage best practice frontier. This study utilizes value-chain data envelopment analysis to investigate the effects of Information Technology and the trading activities of financial derivatives on the technical efficiency of a bank's production process through a two-stage analytical study with a firm-level data set. We find the impact of indicators related to capital adequacy ratios, exchange rate volatility, interest rate volatility, and long-term loans in relation to capital and ownership structure. Technical efficient precedes a reduction in problem loans, concentration of the operating units and developing information technology and utilization of financial derivatives. This paper provides a theoretical rationale and conceptualizing risk factors with environmental uncertainty. The innovation variables are determinants of the bank efficiency on Basel III Accord.

Age at Exposure to Parental Suicide and the Subsequent Risk of Suicide in Young People

Crisis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuan-Ying Lee ◽  
Chung-Yi Li ◽  
Kun-Chia Chang ◽  
Tsung-Hsueh Lu ◽  
Ying-Yeh Chen
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Birth Registry ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Parental Suicide ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Age At Exposure

Abstract. Background: We investigated the age at exposure to parental suicide and the risk of subsequent suicide completion in young people. The impact of parental and offspring sex was also examined. Method: Using a cohort study design, we linked Taiwan's Birth Registry (1978–1997) with Taiwan's Death Registry (1985–2009) and identified 40,249 children who had experienced maternal suicide (n = 14,431), paternal suicide (n = 26,887), or the suicide of both parents (n = 281). Each exposed child was matched to 10 children of the same sex and birth year whose parents were still alive. This yielded a total of 398,081 children for our non-exposed cohort. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to compare the suicide risk of the exposed and non-exposed groups. Results: Compared with the non-exposed group, offspring who were exposed to parental suicide were 3.91 times (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.10–4.92 more likely to die by suicide after adjusting for baseline characteristics. The risk of suicide seemed to be lower in older male offspring (HR = 3.94, 95% CI = 2.57–6.06), but higher in older female offspring (HR = 5.30, 95% CI = 3.05–9.22). Stratified analyses based on parental sex revealed similar patterns as the combined analysis. Limitations: As only register-­based data were used, we were not able to explore the impact of variables not contained in the data set, such as the role of mental illness. Conclusion: Our findings suggest a prominent elevation in the risk of suicide among offspring who lost their parents to suicide. The risk elevation differed according to the sex of the afflicted offspring as well as to their age at exposure.

Timing of repeated movements: Test of a two-stage model

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saul Sternberg ◽  
Teresa Pantzer
Keyword(s):  
Stage Model ◽  
Two Stage

Is oxidative stress the link in the two-stage model of pre-eclampsia?

The Lancet ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 354 (9185) ◽  
pp. 788-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Two Stage
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