scholarly journals Analysis on Evolution Characteristics of Industry University Research Innovation Network in Guizhou Province Based on Patent

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 141-144
Author(s):  
Yu Zhao ◽  
◽  
Nana Hu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
University Research ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Innovation Network ◽  
Cooperative Groups ◽  
Patent Data ◽  
The Core ◽  
Evolution Characteristics ◽  
Evolution Dynamics

Based on the industry-university-research cooperation patent data of Guizhou Province from 1986 to 2020, this paper constructs Guizhou industry-university-research innovation network, and empirically explores the overall structural characteristics of Guizhou industry-university-research innovation network, such as network scale and network density, as well as the time evolution dynamics of nodes and cooperation intensity. It is found that the scale of industry-university-research innovation network in Guizhou Province is gradually expanding, the nodes are gradually increasing, and more cooperative groups have been formed, but the overall network is low density; Guizhou University and other universities and scientific research institutions have always occupied the central position of the network. Although enterprises are not in the core position, the intensity of cooperation with institutions is gradually increasing.

A Constructivist Framework for Understanding Entrepreneurship Performance

1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Bouchikhi
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Entrepreneurial Process ◽  
The Core ◽  
Prior Performance ◽  
Chance Events

This paper outlines a constructivist framework for understanding the outcomes of the entrepreneurial process. The core thesis of the paper is that, taken alone, neither the personality of the entrepreneur nor the structural characteristics of the environment determine the outcome. Rather, it is argued that the outcome of the entrepreneurial process is emergent from a complex interaction between the entrepreneur, the environment, chance events and prior performance. The framework is illustrated with evidence from biographies of six entrepreneurs involved in successful processes.

Nation-state and Islamic Government Theoretical and Factual studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ikram ul Haq ◽  
Dr. Aqeel Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Logical Consequence ◽  
Western World ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Divine Sovereignty ◽  
Concept Of God ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Core ◽  
Nation States

The concept of nation state presented by the West at its core is the idea of humanism. In which man was given a central position and freed from the concept of God. Denied everything that was not observed. Therefore, man expelled religion in all matters of life. The logical consequence of which was that the head of human unity was scattered. The slogan of nationalism was used to unite man in the struggle for unity. Which eventually manifested itself in the formation of nation-states the western colonial powers ruled the world in the form of the United Nations change the way of life in the Western World and especially in Muslim society. Which has a profound effect on the Islamic system of government. Islam envisioned divine sovereignty in the system of government. Today the Muslim rulers have forgotten it, and the Western system considered its survival in democracy. The article explains what the core concern of the nation state and Islamic Government is and whether it is based on its own ideas in modern times has been considered.

scholarly journals City Centrality, Migrants and Green Inovation Efficiency: Evidence from 106 Cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt of China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haisen Wang ◽  
Gangqiang Yang ◽  
Jiaying Qin
Keyword(s):  
Yangtze River ◽  
Econometric Model ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Innovation Network ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Green Innovation ◽  
Spatial Econometric ◽  
The Core ◽  
Influence Curve ◽  
The Impact

Based on the panel data of 106 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt of China from 2007 to 2016, this paper explores the impact of city centrality on the green innovation efficiency and proves the mediation effect of migrants by using spatial econometric model. The results show that there are more and more innovation contacts between cities, and the innovation network is becoming more and more dense. The core cities of the downstream innovation network are mainly Yangzhou, Zhenjiang, Wuxi, Changzhou, Suzhou and Hangzhou; the core cities in the midstream are mainly Wuhan, Changsha and Yichun; the core cities in the upstream are Chengdu and Bazhong. There is an inverted U-shaped relationship between city centrality and green innovation efficiency. In addition, the influence curve of city centrality on the green innovation efficiency of surrounding cities is also inverted U-shaped. Cities with high city centrality attract a large number of migrants that come from cities with lower centrality to improve the green innovation efficiency, but the green innovation efficiency of cities with low city centrality will decline due to lack of talents.

scholarly journals Electron Cryotomography Studies of Maturing HIV-1 Particles Reveal the Assembly Pathway of the Viral Core

2014 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 1267-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cora L. Woodward ◽  
Sarah N. Cheng ◽  
Grant J. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Viral Genome ◽  
Virus Assembly ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Hexagonal Lattice ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Core ◽  
Assembly Pathway ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Electron Cryotomography ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACTTo better characterize the assembly of the HIV-1 core, we have used electron cryotomography (ECT) to image infected cells and the viral particles cryopreserved next to them. We observed progressive stages of virus assembly and egress, including flower-like flat Gag lattice assemblies, hemispherical budding profiles, and virus buds linked to the plasma membrane via a thin membrane neck. The population of budded viral particles contains immature, maturation-intermediate, and mature core morphologies. Structural characteristics of the maturation intermediates suggest that the core assembly pathway involves the formation of a CA sheet that associates with the condensed ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex. Our analysis also reveals a correlation between RNP localization within the viral particle and the formation of conical cores, suggesting that the RNP helps drive conical core assembly. Our findings support an assembly pathway for the HIV-1 core that begins with a small CA sheet that associates with the RNP to form the core base, followed by polymerization of the CA sheet along one side of the conical core toward the tip, and then closure around the body of the cone.IMPORTANCEDuring HIV-1 assembly and release, the Gag polyprotein is organized into a signature hexagonal lattice, termed the immature lattice. To become infectious, the newly budded virus must disassemble the immature lattice by proteolyzing Gag and then reassemble the key proteolytic product, the structural protein p24 (CA), into a distinct, mature hexagonal lattice during a process termed maturation. The mature HIV-1 virus contains a conical capsid that encloses the condensed viral genome at its wide base. Mutations or small molecules that interfere with viral maturation also disrupt viral infectivity. Little is known about the assembly pathway that results in the conical core and genome encapsidation. Here, we have used electron cryotomography to structurally characterize HIV-1 particles that are actively maturing. Based on the morphologies of core assembly intermediates, we propose that CA forms a sheet-like structure that associates with the condensed viral genome to produce the mature infectious conical core.

Two locative constructions in Caijia from the typological perspective of Asian languages

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 600-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Lü
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Relation ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
The Core ◽  
Asian Languages ◽  
Sinitic Languages

Abstract This paper sets out to examine two locative constructions found in Caijia, an unclassified language with many Sinitic features spoken in Guizhou province of China, using the framework of Ameka & Levinson’s (2007) typology of locative predicates (basic locative construction [blc]). These are the locative verb construction and the positional verb construction, both of which are used to answer the question ‘Where is the X?’. The different syntactic, semantic and pragmatic constraints on the usage of these two main constructions are described and analyzed in detail as well, while the locative verb construction is identified as the basic locative construction. The present paper also studies the core constituents in these two constructions, for example, localizers, which serve to indicate a relative spatial relation between two entities and for whose nominal nature we argue in this paper, a locative verb whose source is ‘live, dwell’, and two types of positional verbs. Even though Caijia is a language very close in its characteristics to Sinitic languages, this study demonstrates certain unusual features, atypical for Sinitic. We also show that Caijia does not bear out all the predictions proposed by Ameka & Levinson for the locative verbs in the languages of the single locative type, nor does it entirely conform with the hierarchy for the blc encoding (Ameka & Levinson 2007).

scholarly journals Spinnability and characteristics of polyoxymethylene-based core–sheath bicomponent fibers

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 155892501985944
Author(s):  
Jitlada Boonlertsamut ◽  
Supaphorn Thumsorn ◽  
Toshikazu Umemura ◽  
Hiroyuki Hamada ◽  
Atsushi Sakuma
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Bicomponent Fibers ◽  
Fiber Properties ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fiber Processing ◽  
Selection Of

In this work, the spinning abilities of polyoxymethylene-based core–sheath bicomponent fibers were investigated. Bicomponent fibers were prepared using polyoxymethylene as the core material and poly(lactic acid) blended with polyoxymethylene or pure polyoxymethylene as sheath materials, and their characteristics were investigated and compared. Fiber properties such as elongation are important because they directly relate to the spinning performance during fiber processing. This work reports the impact of the composition designation of the core–sheath bicomponent fibers on the controllable stability of poly(lactic acid) in polyoxymethylene–poly(lactic acid) blends in the fibers, as well as the influence of the core–sheath material on the structure, fiber diameter and distribution, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of the core–sheath bicomponent fibers. It was found that the selection of core and sheath materials affected the structural characteristics of the fibers. The polyoxymethylene core–polyoxymethylene sheath (FV) fiber showed dimensional stability. However, the polyoxymethylene core–poly(lactic acid)/polyoxymethylene sheath (FT30) fiber provided the optimum limit of poly(lactic acid) content for controlling the stable properties of the core–sheath bicomponent fibers.

Structural network embeddedness and firm incremental innovation capability: the moderating role of technology cluster

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxiao Shi ◽  
Lu Lu ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Qingpu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Incremental Innovation ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Innovation Capability ◽  
Patent Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Network Embeddedness ◽  
Structural Network ◽  
Moderating Role

Purpose This paper aims to propose the following questions: How do structural network embeddedness influence firms’ incremental innovation capability? Does technology cluster moderate the relationships between them? Design/methodology/approach In this empirical research, the authors collected a sample of patent data in the smartphone industry over the period of 2000-2018. Then, the authors examined the direct roles of structural network embeddedness on firms’ incremental innovation capability and the moderating role of technology cluster by using ordinary linear squares regression. Findings The empirical results show that occupying the central position positively affects firms’ incremental innovation capability, and clustering strengthens this linear relationship. Furthermore, bridging structural holes has an inverted U-shaped effect on incremental innovation capability, and clustering positively moderated this nonlinear relationship, while bridging ties across different clusters plays a negative moderation role in this relationship. Originality/value This empirical research provides new insights into whether and how firms can grasp the benefits of structural network embeddedness to conduct incremental innovations and the moderation effects of technology cluster contingencies. It further contributes to the structural network embeddedness–incremental innovation capability issue by extending its research context to the smartphone industry.

Group characteristics of tea growers relative to weed management: a case study in southwestern China

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 847-854
Author(s):  
Guoqi Chen ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Qiong Wu ◽  
Linhong Jin ◽  
Zhuo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Cooperative Groups ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Farmer Training ◽  
Group Characteristics

AbstractFarmer training is important to improve weed management practices in tea cultivation. To explore the group characteristics of tea growers, we interviewed 354 growers in Guizhou Province, China. Sixty-one percent of the respondents planted tea for companies or cooperative groups, and 56% managed tea gardens larger than 10 ha. Self-employed tea growers tended to be older and smallholders, and to apply herbicides and conduct weed control less frequently (P < 0.05). Approximately 87% of the respondents conducted weed control two to four times yr−1, 83% spent between $200 and $2,000 ha−1 yr−1 for weed control, and 42% thought weed control costs would decrease by 5 years from this study. Twenty-eight species were mentioned by the respondents as being the most serious. According to canonical correspondence analysis, latitude, altitude, being self-employed or a member of a cooperative, having training experience in tea-garden weed management, and frequency and cost of weed control in tea gardens had significant (P < 0.05) influence on the composition of most troublesome weed species listed by respondents. Among the respondents, 60% had had farmer’s training on weed management in tea gardens. Of these, a significant number (P < 0.05) tended to think weed control costs would decrease, and a nonsignificant number (P > 0.05) tended to conduct weed control more frequently and have lower weed management costs in their tea gardens.

scholarly journals The Common Core State Standards Initiative as an Innovation Network

2021 ◽  
pp. 000283122110066
Author(s):  
Brian Rowan ◽  
Mark White
Keyword(s):  
Common Core ◽  
Common Core State Standards ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
State Standards ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
Innovation Network ◽  
Core State ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Common ◽  
Academic Resources

This article analyzes the Common Core State Standards initiative as an innovation network. Using narrative data and quantitative analysis of hypertext linkages on the World Wide Web, we describe a network of about 3200 organizations that arose to scale up the Common Core State Standards and link them to aligned academic resources such as assessments, instructional materials, and professional development. By 2017, this network developed a “core-periphery” topology. The article describes structures and processes at the core of the network that created strong pressures for construction of a coherent ecosystem of instruction for American education and processes at the periphery that that worked against use of this system by most organizations in the network.

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