Two locative constructions in Caijia from the typological perspective of Asian languages

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 600-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Lü
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Relation ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
The Core ◽  
Asian Languages ◽  
Sinitic Languages

Abstract This paper sets out to examine two locative constructions found in Caijia, an unclassified language with many Sinitic features spoken in Guizhou province of China, using the framework of Ameka & Levinson’s (2007) typology of locative predicates (basic locative construction [blc]). These are the locative verb construction and the positional verb construction, both of which are used to answer the question ‘Where is the X?’. The different syntactic, semantic and pragmatic constraints on the usage of these two main constructions are described and analyzed in detail as well, while the locative verb construction is identified as the basic locative construction. The present paper also studies the core constituents in these two constructions, for example, localizers, which serve to indicate a relative spatial relation between two entities and for whose nominal nature we argue in this paper, a locative verb whose source is ‘live, dwell’, and two types of positional verbs. Even though Caijia is a language very close in its characteristics to Sinitic languages, this study demonstrates certain unusual features, atypical for Sinitic. We also show that Caijia does not bear out all the predictions proposed by Ameka & Levinson for the locative verbs in the languages of the single locative type, nor does it entirely conform with the hierarchy for the blc encoding (Ameka & Levinson 2007).

Bare classifier phrases in Thai and other mainland Asian languages: implications for classifier theory and typology

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitipong Pichetpan ◽  
Mark W. Post
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Function ◽  
Nominal Classification ◽  
Discourse Functions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Referential Function ◽  
Asian Languages ◽  
Modern Standard

Abstract This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the little-known “bare classifier phrase” construction in Modern Standard Thai. It describes the syntax, semantics and discourse functions of Thai bare classifier phrases, and further proposes a diachronic account of their origin in reduction of post-posed numeral ‘one’. Following this synchronic and diachronic description, this article attempts to locate Thai within a working typology of bare classifier constructions in mainland Asian languages, and further argues for the importance of bare classifier constructions to the theory of classifiers more generally. Following Bisang (1999) and others, it argues that bare classifier constructions reveal the core function of classifiers in Asian languages to be individuation – a referential function. It therefore cautions against some recent proposals to merge classifiers and gender markers within a single categorical space defined on the semantic basis of nominal classification, and in favour of continuing to treat classifiers as a discrete linguistic category – in mainland Asian languages, at least.

The zoom-on-possessee construction in Kam (Dong): the anatomy of a new construction type

2005 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATTHIAS GERNER
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
General Definition ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Noun Incorporation ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Construction Type ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Asian Languages

Kam, a Kadai language spoken in Guizhou province (People's Republic of China), has a family of intransitive possessive constructions with the word order ‘Possessor–Verb–Possessee’. (The basic word order in Kam is SV and AVO.) While two recent papers have featured this unique construction type for an array of other Southeast Asian languages, they fail to acknowledge its distinct semantic value in contrast to the related construction type ‘Possessee–Possessor–Verb’. The former construction type displays a so-called ‘zoom-effect’: the possessor is predicated IN, AT or THROUGH his/her/its possessee; the predication zooms from the possessor on his/her/its possessee. The latter construction, in contrast, views the possessee as an entity separated from its possessor, and the predicate as applying solely to the possessee. After illustrating the ‘zoom-effect’ for a representative sample of Kam constructions, I demonstrate that ‘zoom-effects’ do not merely exist when the possessee–possessor compound has the zero-role (=intransitive subject) as above, but also when it assumes other semantic roles (e.g. patient, force, etc.). A general definition of this construction type, called ‘zoom-on-possessee construction’, is proposed; it enables us to unify and account for an array of hitherto disparate construction types that run in the literature under labels such as ‘proprioceptive state expressions’, ‘body part locative constructions’, ‘dative of affect’, etc. Furthermore, I discuss in some detail whether zoom-on-possessee constructions are better accounted for within a multi-stratal or a mono-stratal framework and, finally, whether the concept of noun-incorporation has any relevance.

Two new species of the Clubiona corticalis-group from Guizhou Province, China (Araneae: Clubionidae) 

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4415 (2) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
JIANSHUANG ZHANG ◽  
HAO YU ◽  
YANG ZHONG
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Core Group ◽  
The Core ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
High Diversity

Clubiona Latreille, 1804, the largest genus in family Clubionidae, currently includes 495 species worldwide with 126 species from China (Li & Lin 2016; World Spider Catalog 2018). Due to the high diversity in Clubiona, several subgenera and species-groups have been proposed (Wang et al. 2015). While there is no agreement on the limits of most species-groups of Clubiona (Deeleman-Reinhold 2001), the corticalis-group has been widely considered as putatively monophyletic. The group presents a distinct set of characters (Mikhailov 1995; Deeleman-Reinhold 2001; Liu et al. 2016) and the species composition of the core-group is relatively stable (Mikhailov 1995; Deeleman-Reinhold 2001; Dankittipakul & Singtripop 2008; Wu et al. 2015). At least two generic names are available for the corticalis-group, Atalia Thorell, 1887 and Paraclubiona Lohmander, 1944 (Mikhailov 2012). Spiders of the corticalis-group are well studied in China and several new species have been described in recent years (Yu et al. 2012; Zhu et al. 2012; Wang et al. 2015; Wu et al. 2015; Liu et al. 2016; He et al. 2016). Up to now, the Clubiona corticalis-group has more than 28 Chinese species (Wang et al. 2015; Wu et al. 2015; Liu et al. 2016; He et al. 2016; Yu et al. 2017), making it one of the most well known clubionid groups in China. While examining spiders collected from Guizhou Province, China, we came across some specimens from the Clubiona corticalis-group, which are described here as belonging to two new species. 

Modality and Mood in Sinitic

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary Chappell ◽  
Alain Peyraube
Keyword(s):  
Grammatical Category ◽  
Modal Verbs ◽  
Auxiliary Verbs ◽  
Modal Particles ◽  
Southern Min ◽  
Hong Kong Cantonese ◽  
Verb Compounds ◽  
Asian Languages ◽  
Sinitic Languages

After defining auxiliary verbs as a grammatical category in Sinitic languages, this chapter sets out to analyze the notion of modality as expressed primarily by the Chinese modal verbs. Beginning with a brief sketch of their diachronic evolution, we proceed to treat this category in each of three major Sinitic languages, namely, Standard Mandarin, Hong Kong Cantonese, and Taiwanese Southern Min (Hokkien). It is shown that the main modal verbs possess different sets of polysemy in each of the three languages. Potential verb compounds are also considered, as well as clause-final modal particles coding speaker stance, both being characteristic of East and Southeast Asian languages in general. Although Sinitic languages do not mark mood inflectionally, an important discussion regarding this category is dedicated to sentence types and the role of negation, intimately connected with the expression of the irrealis, the interrogative and the imperative in Sinitic languages.

scholarly journals Analysis on Evolution Characteristics of Industry University Research Innovation Network in Guizhou Province Based on Patent

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 141-144
Author(s):  
Yu Zhao ◽  
◽  
Nana Hu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
University Research ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Innovation Network ◽  
Cooperative Groups ◽  
Patent Data ◽  
The Core ◽  
Evolution Characteristics ◽  
Evolution Dynamics

Based on the industry-university-research cooperation patent data of Guizhou Province from 1986 to 2020, this paper constructs Guizhou industry-university-research innovation network, and empirically explores the overall structural characteristics of Guizhou industry-university-research innovation network, such as network scale and network density, as well as the time evolution dynamics of nodes and cooperation intensity. It is found that the scale of industry-university-research innovation network in Guizhou Province is gradually expanding, the nodes are gradually increasing, and more cooperative groups have been formed, but the overall network is low density; Guizhou University and other universities and scientific research institutions have always occupied the central position of the network. Although enterprises are not in the core position, the intensity of cooperation with institutions is gradually increasing.

scholarly journals Sinicisation and ethnicity: spatial characteristics of Shui vernacular architecture in Guizhou, Southwest China

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yizhi Zhou ◽  
Miao Wei
Keyword(s):  
Southwest China ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Type A ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Type B ◽  
The Core ◽  
Living Space ◽  
History Of ◽  
Visibility Graph Analysis ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractThe Shui people are an ethnic minority living in southern mountainous areas of Guizhou Province, China; they have retained many vernacular houses with a history of over a century. Using spatial analysis software depthmapX to perform visibility graph analysis and field-of-view analysis with space syntax, we examined the sequence, organisation, and hierarchy of the living space in Shui residences. We found that those residences were influenced by external cultures, resulting in two types of plan layout: front-middle-back (type A) and left-middle-right (type B). Those two types of spatial combination were evident in two different line-of-sight axes. With type A, the hearth was the core and served as the daily living space of the family. With type B, the ancestral altar was the core and served as the ritual space. The historical coexistence and changing relationship of the two axes reflect cultural exchange between the Shui and Han as well as with other foreign cultures. This study concludes that the diversity of spatial forms that developed in different historical periods is an important attribute of Shui houses and those of other ethnic minorities in Southwest China.

Numeral classifiers in Sinitic languages: Semantic content, contextuality, and semi-lexicality

Linguistics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-369
Author(s):  
Yicheng Wu
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Definite Article ◽  
Function Words ◽  
Chinese Youth ◽  
Numeral Classifiers ◽  
Lexical Categories ◽  
Chinese Learning ◽  
Asian Languages ◽  
Sinitic Languages

Abstract Numeral classifiers have consistently been treated as lexical words (实词shici or 体词 tici) by traditional Chinese grammarians but considered functional elements in most theoretical linguistic literature and treated as functionally equivalent to the definite article in English. In this paper, I point out that (i) unlike the definite article the in English that denotes “definiteness” regardless of context, bare nouns and numeral classifiers in Sinitic languages indicate neither “definiteness” nor “indefiniteness” out of context; (ii) the analysis of equating Chinese numeral classifiers with English definite article is the consequence of mistaking an essentially pragmatic phenomenon for a grammatical one (Wu 2016. 语法性与语用性 Yufaxing yu yuyongxing [Grammaticality versus pragmaticality]. Shougao 手稿). Based on various sources of evidence, I demonstrate that the primary function of classifiers has remained unchanged, namely that of classification and individualization (cf. Bisang 1999. Classifiers in East and Southeast Asian languages: Counting and beyond. In Jadranka Gvozdanović (ed.), Numeral types and changes worldwide, 113–185. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter). Although bare [Cl+N] phrases and even bare classifiers in some Sinitic languages can sometimes be interpreted definitely, it is strictly subject to context and the pragmatic restriction of familiarity (Li and Bisang 2012. Classifiers in Sinitic languages: From individuation to definiteness-marking. Lingua 122. 335–355). This is confirmed by our questionnaire survey that reveals that the grammatical feature of “definiteness” in these languages is invariably indicated by demonstratives. I thus conclude that numeral classifiers in Sinitic languages can be treated as belonging to the semi-lexical category in the sense of Corver and van Riemsdijk (2001. Semi-lexical categories: The function of content words and the content of function words. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter), which is in agreement with analyses of classifiers as fu mingci “quasi-nominals” (Lü 1953. Hanyu xuexi [Chinese learning]. Beijing: Chinese Youth Press) or “nominal auxiliaries” (Chao 1968. A grammar of spoken Chinese. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press).

scholarly journals Spatial Analysis of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Hungary

REGION ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-165
Author(s):  
Annamaria Uzzoli ◽  
Sándor Zsolt Kovács ◽  
Attila Fábián ◽  
Balázs Páger ◽  
Tamás Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Spatial Relation ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Epidemic Spreading ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Core ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Geographical Dimension

This paper examines the spatial dynamics and regional distribution of the novel coronavirus epidemic in Hungary in an effort to obtain a deeper understanding of the connection between space and health. The paper also presents comprehensive epidemiologic data on the spatiotemporal spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of the epidemic waves. Following a comparison of the growth rates of infection numbers, the current study explores the geographical dimension of the three pandemic waves. The partial transformation of spatial characteristics during the three epidemic waves is among the most important results found. While geographical hotspots influenced the first wave, newly confirmed coronavirus cases in the second and third waves were due to community-based epidemic spreading. Furthermore, the western-eastern spatial relation and the core-periphery model also affected the regional distribution of new cases and deaths in the initial two waves. However, a new spatial pattern - realised by the northern-southern spatial orientation - appeared during the third wave. The outputs of this paper offer feasible suggestions for evidence-based policymaking in pandemic prevention, mitigation, and preparedness.

Areal perspectives on total reduplication of verbs in Sinitic

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 836-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio F. Arcodia ◽  
Bianca Basciano ◽  
Chiara Melloni
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Consistent Pattern ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Function ◽  
Sinitic Languages ◽  
Core Meaning

The topic of reduplication in Sinitic languages has attracted much attention in the literature, but studies adopting a comparative and areal perspective are still lacking. This paper aims to analyse the correlations between form and function in reduplicating constructions in a sample of twenty Sinitic languages, representing eight branches of the family, comparing them to a set of fourteen non-Sinitic languages of the East- and Southeast Asian area. We will show that the various semantic nuances conveyed by reduplicated verbs could be argued to derive from the core meaning of verbal reduplication as iteration of an event, either over a bounded or an unbounded timespan. On the structural level, a pervasive feature of reduplication lies in its compliance to strict requirements on the morphological makeup of the base. This holds especially in the case of the reduplication of disyllabic and bimorphemic verbs with increasing semantics, a consistent pattern across our sample.

What face familiarity feelings say about the lateralization of specific entities within the core system

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Gainotti
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Memory System ◽  
Core System ◽  
The Core ◽  
Memory Traces ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Temporal Structures ◽  
The Right

Abstract The target article carefully describes the memory system, centered on the temporal lobe that builds specific memory traces. It does not, however, mention the laterality effects that exist within this system. This commentary briefly surveys evidence showing that clear asymmetries exist within the temporal lobe structures subserving the core system and that the right temporal structures mainly underpin face familiarity feelings.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document