In the Public Interest: Protections and Risks in Whistleblowing to the Media

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Ananian-Welsh ◽  
Rose Cronin ◽  
Peter Greste
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Press Freedom ◽  
Public Accountability ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Media ◽  
Legal Frameworks

Whistleblowing and a free press are vital to facilitating public accountability for powerful institutions and thereby improving integrity across the public and private sectors. But when is a whistleblower permitted to disclose information to the media? Once a whistleblower speaks to a journalist, what protections and assurances will they be entitled to? This article addresses these questions by examining existing protections for private and public sector whistleblowers and, relatedly, journalists’ confidential sources under federal law. In this way, it explores the intersection between whistleblowing and press freedom and reveals gaps and weaknesses in existing legal frameworks.

Yelling ‘Fire’ in a Crowded Occupation: Cynical Fire Hazard Claims and the Technocratic Containment of Dissent

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-573
Author(s):  
Honor Brabazon
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Uk

While the privatisation of public space has been the subject of considerable research, literature exploring the shifting boundaries between public and private law, and the role of those shifts in the expansion of neo-liberal social relations, has been slower to develop. This article explores the use of fire safety regulations to evict political occupations in the context of these shifts. Two examples from the UK student occupation movement and two from the US Occupy movement demonstrate how discourses and logics of both private and public law are mobilised through fire hazard claims to create the potent image of a neutral containment of dissent on technical grounds in the public interest – an image that proves difficult to contest. However, the recourse to the public interest and to expert opinion that underpins fire hazard claims is inconsistent with principles governing the limited neo-liberal political sphere, which underscores the pragmatic and continually negotiated implementation of neo-liberal ideas. The article sheds light on the complexity of the extending reach of private law, on the resilience of the public sphere and on the significance of occupations as a battleground on which struggles over neo-liberal social relations and subjectivities play out.

scholarly journals Work as a central life interest for legal professionals

2005 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Genis ◽  
Taryn Wallis
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Law Firms ◽  
Work Centrality ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Legal Professionals ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Sector Employees ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Two Sectors

Dubin’s theory of Central Life Interests (CLIs) was used to investigate whether work is a CLI for legal professionals in South Africa. The research also served as a comparative exploration between the public and private sectors based on their work centrality and work orientation. 59 employees from three public sector organisations and 27 employees from various private sector law firms completed questionnaires. Contrary to Dubin’s theory, results indicated that two-thirds of respondents did not have work as a CLI. Also, contrary to previous work on private and public sector employees, some interesting similarities emerged between the two sectors. Opsomming Dubin (1992) se teorie van Sentrale Lewensbelangstellings was gebruik om te ondersoek of werk ’n sentrale lewensbelangstelling is vir individue in die Suid-Afrikaanse regsprofessie. Die navorsing was ook ’n vergelykende ondersoek tussen die publieke en privaat sektore met betrekking tot hul werk sentraliteit en werk orientasie. 59 werknemers van drie publieke organisasies en 27 werknemers van verskeie privaat firmas het vraelyse beantwoord. Teenstellig met Dubin se teorie het resultate gewys dat vir twee-derdes van die deelnemers werk nie ’n sentrale lewensbelangstelling was nie. Daar was ook interessante resultate wat te voorskyn gekom het, wat teenstrydig was met vorige navorsing op werknemers in die privaat en publieke sektore.

scholarly journals PUBLIC INTEREST IN PUBLIC PROCUREMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 1039-1062
Author(s):  
Vitaly V. Kikavets
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Public Interests ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private Interests ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Government

The basis of legal relations in public procurement are private and public interests. The purpose of the study is a substantive assessment of the authors hypothesis that the purpose of legal regulation and financial support of public procurement is to satisfy the public interest expressed in the form of a public need for goods, works, and services. The methodological basis of the study rests on historical and systematic approach, analysis, synthesis and comparative-legal methods. The results of the analysis of normative legal acts regulating public procurement, doctrinal literature and practice showed that public interest denounced in the form of public need is realized through public procurement. Public and private interests can be realized exclusively jointly since these needs cannot objectively be met individually. In general, ensuring public as well as private interests boils down to defining and legally securing the rights and obligations of the customer and their officials, which safeguards them in the process of meeting public needs through public procurement. The study revealed the dependence of the essence of public interest on the political regime, which determines the ratio of public and private interests. Public interest in public procurement is suggested to understand as the value-significant selective position of an official or another person authorized by the government, which is expressed in the form of the public need for the necessary benefit; gaining such benefit involves both legal regulation and financial security. The purpose of legal regulation of public procurement is to satisfy public interest. These concepts should be legally enshrined in Law No. 44-FZ.

A Theory of Intergovernmental Grants and their Effect on Aggregate Grantor-Recipient Spending

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Schwallie
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Intergovernmental Grants ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Lump Sum ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Public Sectors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Empirical Investigations

The impact of intergovernmental grants on the expenditures of recipients has been the focus of considerable investigation, while their impact on the relative sizes of the public and private sectors has been given little more than brief discussion. No well-defined structure has emerged to explain how a system of intergovernmental grants might affect public sector size. This article is a first attempt at such a structure. It investigates the impact of intergovernmental grants by comparing public sector size in the presence of conditional lump-sum grants to public sector size in their absence for given grantor and recipient preferences on the allocation of financial resources between the private and public sectors. Implications are drawn from the model and comments are made pertaining to the empirical investigations of grant effects on recipient governments spending.

Comparative Study of Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory of Job Satisfaction among Public and Private Sectors

1991 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim A. Maidani
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Test Technique ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Sector Employees ◽  
Hygiene Factors ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Employee Groups ◽  
Working Populations

The purpose of this study was to identify through hypothesis testing how Herzberg's theory of job satisfaction applied to two different working populations using a questionnaire based on Herzberg's classification scheme. The study was conducted using private and public sector employees for comparison analysis. The t-test technique was applied and the t-value was computed to test the four formulated hypotheses in order to determine whether any significant differences were revealed between the two employee groups. The result of this analysis showed that employees' motives for work in both sectors tended to emphasize intrinsic or motivator factors of employment, while those who worked in the public sector tended to value the extrinsic or hygiene factors significantly higher than those in the private sector. Also, the satisfaction of employees in both sectors was not attributable to hygiene factors.

scholarly journals Assessing the wage gap between public and private sector employees in Ireland: issues, evidence and challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
Darragh Flannery ◽  
Tom Turner
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Earnings Gap ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Public And Private Sector

Abstract Over recent years pay levels in the public sector of the economy have come under increasing scrutiny. This paper provides an assessment of the key issues and challenges central to a comparison of wage levels in the private and public sector in Ireland. A review of the extant studies that have employed multivariate analysis to estimate the gap between public and private sector wages in Ireland indicates a wage premium in favour of public sector workers. However the actual magnitude of the earnings gap is difficult to accurately assess as the size of the premium varies markedly across these various studies. A number of possible options are suggested to guide the development of a fair system for assessing wage levels in the public sector.

scholarly journals Financial Efficacy of Selected Public and Private Sector Banks in India

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
S Ayyappan ◽  
M SakthiVadivel
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Financial Variables ◽  
Public Sector Banks ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Public Banks ◽  
Public And Private Sector

The banks in India have over 67,000 branches located across the country. All these are classified into two major categories, nonscheduled banks and scheduled banks. Scheduled banks includes commercial banks and the co-operative banks. The public sector banks are accountable for more than 78 percent of total banking industry in India. Even though private sector banks came later into the market, due to their customer servicing and easy banking features they are also competing equally with already existing public sector banks. so it is very essential to analyze how their financial performance is influenced by number of factors which willfurther suggest them where they need to concentrate more. in this article we have analyzed the correlation between return on total assets and other financial variables of selected private and public banks in India.

scholarly journals Analyzing patient trust through the lens of hospitals managers—The other side of the coin

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250626
Author(s):  
Aviad Tur-Sinai ◽  
Royi Barnea ◽  
Orna Tal
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Public And Private Hospitals

Trust is an essential element in patient-physician relationships, yet trust is perceived differently among providers and customers exist. During January-February 2020 we examined the standpoints of medical managers and administrative directors from the private and public health hospitals on patient-physician trust, using a structured questionnaire. Thirty-six managers in public and private hospitals (24 from the public sector and 12 from the private sector) responded to the survey. Managers in the private sector rated trust higher in comparison to managers in the public sector, including trust related to patient satisfaction, professionalism and accountability. Managers from public hospitals gave higher scores to the need for patient education and shared responsibility prior to medical procedures. Administrative directors gave higher scores to various dimensions of trust and autonomy while medical managers gave higher scores to economic considerations. Trust is a fundamental component of the healthcare system and may be used to improve the provision and quality of care by analyzing standpoints and comparable continuous monitoring. Differences in position, education and training influence the perception of trust among managers in the health system. This survey may allow policy makers and opinion leaders to continue building and maintaining trust between patients and care providers.

scholarly journals Internal Audit Functions: An Empirical Study of Public and Private Sectors in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-37
Author(s):  
Abdulkadir Madawaki ◽  
Aidi Ahmi ◽  
Halimah @ Nasibah Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Internal Audit ◽  
Audit Fees ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Internal Auditor ◽  
Internal Auditors ◽  
External Auditors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private And Public

The study examines the similarities and differences between the private and public sectors internal audit functions in Nigeria. The features examined include the hierarchical position of the internal audit functions, outsourcing of internal audit activities, reporting relationship of the internal auditor, and the coordination between internal and external auditors. A survey of internal audit managers of both sectors was undertaken to establish their current practices. The results revealed that there are no much differences in the hierarchical positioning of the internal audit function in both sectors. A substantial difference was found in the reporting lines of internal auditors in both sectors. The results further showed that private sector outsources internal audit activities more than the public sector and a slight difference exists between the two sectors about the level of coordination between internal and external auditors. Finally, the result indicated that private sector experiences a reduction in external audit fees compares to its counterpart in the public sector.      

scholarly journals Comparative Assessment of Drug Drug Interactions Among Public and Private Sector Hospitals

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1002-1004
Author(s):  
Hammad Ahmed Butt ◽  
M Zeeshan Anwar ◽  
Akram Shahzad ◽  
Ammara Khan ◽  
Hina Aslam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Medical Patients ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Public And Private Sector

Background: Drug drug interactions (DDIs), being one of the most preventable drug related hazards having serious life threatening adverse consequences or at least results in therapeutic failure . Aim : T o confirm the drug drug interactions among medical patients at private and public sector hospitals of Jhelum and Kharian . Study d esign: Comparative study. Methodology: The collected data was analyzed for drug interactions. P atients who were being prescribed less than two drugs along with topical drugs (ointments, creams, ear drops and eye drops) were excluded. Information on prescriptions was retrieved from the hospital prescription. SPSS for windows version 20.0 was used to analyze the data. Results were presented as frequency and percen tage. Results: The results showed that the public sector showed 1640 drug interactions, that is 75%; on the other hand, the private sector showed 260 drug interactions, that is 41%. Conclusions: We concluded that frequency of drug interactions were more in public sector hospitals. Hence, a possible reason for such a result could be the greater patient load on public sector hospitals and less number of appointed doctors in such facilities. Keywords: Adverse Drug I nte raction, Drug Related Problems and Drug Drug Interaction.

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