A Theory of Intergovernmental Grants and their Effect on Aggregate Grantor-Recipient Spending

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Schwallie
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Intergovernmental Grants ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Lump Sum ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Public Sectors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Empirical Investigations

The impact of intergovernmental grants on the expenditures of recipients has been the focus of considerable investigation, while their impact on the relative sizes of the public and private sectors has been given little more than brief discussion. No well-defined structure has emerged to explain how a system of intergovernmental grants might affect public sector size. This article is a first attempt at such a structure. It investigates the impact of intergovernmental grants by comparing public sector size in the presence of conditional lump-sum grants to public sector size in their absence for given grantor and recipient preferences on the allocation of financial resources between the private and public sectors. Implications are drawn from the model and comments are made pertaining to the empirical investigations of grant effects on recipient governments spending.

scholarly journals Long-term effectiveness of elderly health care voucher scheme strategies: a system dynamics simulation analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ka Chun Chong ◽  
Hong Fung ◽  
Carrie Ho Kwan Yam ◽  
Patsy Yuen Kwan Chau ◽  
Tsz Yu Chow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The elderly healthcare voucher (EHCV) scheme is expected to lead to an increase in the number of elderly people selecting private primary healthcare services and reduce reliance on the public sector in Hong Kong. However, studies thus far have reported that this scheme has not received satisfactory responses. In this study, we examined changes in the ratio of visits between public and private doctors in primary care (to measure reliance on the public sector) for different strategic scenarios in the EHCV scheme. Methods Based on comments from an expert panel, a system dynamics model was formulated to simulate the impact of various enhanced strategies in the scheme: increasing voucher amounts, lowering the age eligibility, and designating vouchers for chronic conditions follow-up. Data and statistics for the model calibration were collected from various sources. Results The simulation results show that the current EHCV scheme is unable to reduce the utilization of public healthcare services, as well as the ratio of visits between public and private primary care among the local aging population. When comparing three different tested scenarios, even if the increase in the annual voucher amount could be maintained at the current pace or the age eligibility can be lowered to include those aged 60 years, the impact on shifts from public-to-private utilization were insignificant. The public-to-private ratio could only be marginally reduced from 0.74 to 0.64 in the first several years. Nevertheless, introducing a chronic disease-oriented voucher could result in a significant drop of 0.50 in the public-to-private ratio during the early implementation phase. However, the effect could not be maintained for an extended period. Conclusions Our findings will assist officials in improving the design of the EHCV scheme, within the wider context of promoting primary care among the elderly. We suggest that an additional chronic disease-oriented voucher can serve as an alternative strategy. The scheme must be redesigned to address more specific objectives or provide a separate voucher that promotes under-utilized healthcare services (e.g., preventive care), instead of services designed for unspecified reasons, which may lead to concerns regarding exploitation.

Research from China finds no significant difference in impact of public service motivation (PSM) in public and private sectors

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Intention To Leave ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The authors assumed PSM would be higher in the public sector, but they set up a trial to find out if this was the case. Design/methodology/approach To test their theories, the authors conducted two independent surveys. The first consisted of 220 usable responses from public sector employees in Changsha, China. The second survey involved 260 usable responses from private sector employees taking an MBA course at a university in the Changsha district. A questionnaire was used to assess attitudes. Findings The results found no significant difference between the impact of public sector motivation (PSM) on employee performance across the public and private sectors. The data showed that PSM had a significant impact on self-reported employee performance, but the relationship did not differ much between sectors. Meanwhile, it was in the private sector that PSM had the greatest impact on intention to leave. Originality/value The authors said the research project was one of the first to test if the concept of PSM operated in the same way across sectors. It also contributed, they said, to the ongoing debate about PSM in China.

Marketisation and Privatisation in Criminal Justice

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Corporate Sector ◽  
The Public ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Incentive Structures ◽  
Responsibility Of Government ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Impact

Criminal justice used to be thought of as a field autonomous from politics and the economy, with the management of crime and punishment being seen as essentially the responsibility of government. However, in recent decades, policies have been adopted which blur the institutional boundaries and functions of the public sector with those of for-profit and civil society interests in many parts of the penal/welfare complex. The impact of these developments on society is contested: Proponents of the ‘neo-liberal penality thesis’ argue economic deregulation, welfare retrenchment, individualised choices – and associated responsibility – may be aligned by market forces into efficient delivery of ‘law and order’. Set against the neo-liberal penal position are arguments that the corporate sector may be no more efficient in delivering criminal justice services than is the public sector, and reliance on the profit motive to deliver criminal justice may lead to perverse incentivisation of NGOs or state agencies. It is to this debate we add our contribution. Criminal justice is an ideal sector in which to consider the implications arising from the differing incentive structures held by different institutions, both private and public, citizens, governments, social enterprise and the corporate sector. All agree on the need for criminal justice, even as they compete in the policy sphere to dictate its form and delivery.

scholarly journals Work as a central life interest for legal professionals

2005 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Genis ◽  
Taryn Wallis
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Law Firms ◽  
Work Centrality ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Legal Professionals ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Sector Employees ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Two Sectors

Dubin’s theory of Central Life Interests (CLIs) was used to investigate whether work is a CLI for legal professionals in South Africa. The research also served as a comparative exploration between the public and private sectors based on their work centrality and work orientation. 59 employees from three public sector organisations and 27 employees from various private sector law firms completed questionnaires. Contrary to Dubin’s theory, results indicated that two-thirds of respondents did not have work as a CLI. Also, contrary to previous work on private and public sector employees, some interesting similarities emerged between the two sectors. Opsomming Dubin (1992) se teorie van Sentrale Lewensbelangstellings was gebruik om te ondersoek of werk ’n sentrale lewensbelangstelling is vir individue in die Suid-Afrikaanse regsprofessie. Die navorsing was ook ’n vergelykende ondersoek tussen die publieke en privaat sektore met betrekking tot hul werk sentraliteit en werk orientasie. 59 werknemers van drie publieke organisasies en 27 werknemers van verskeie privaat firmas het vraelyse beantwoord. Teenstellig met Dubin se teorie het resultate gewys dat vir twee-derdes van die deelnemers werk nie ’n sentrale lewensbelangstelling was nie. Daar was ook interessante resultate wat te voorskyn gekom het, wat teenstrydig was met vorige navorsing op werknemers in die privaat en publieke sektore.

scholarly journals The Effects Of Unions On Wages By Occupation In The Public Sector

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Bitzan ◽  
Bahman Bahrami
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sector Union ◽  
Private Sector Union ◽  
Wage Premiums ◽  
Administrative Assistants ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Public Sectors ◽  
Public Workers

This study examines union wage premiums by occupation in the public sector in the U.S. for the 2000-2004 period.  In examining union-nonunion wage differences for public sector workers in occupations accounting for 66 percent of all public workers in the 2000-2004 Current Population Survey, we find positive and statistically significant union premiums for 27 out of 41 occupations examined.  We also find large differences among occupations, with miscellaneous teachers and instructors receiving a 61 percent premium, secretaries and administrative assistants receiving a 5 percent premium, and 14 occupations receiving no statistically significant premium.  In comparing union premiums by occupation between the private and public sectors, we find, in most cases, that private sector premiums are larger than public sector premiums.  Finally, an Oaxaca decomposition shows that the majority of the differential between private sector union premiums and public sector union premiums appears to be due to differences in the way unions reward workers in the private and public sectors, not because of differences in the types of workers in the private and public sectors.

Knowledge Management Technologies, Applications, and Implementation in the Public Sector

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Yousif Abdullatif Albastaki ◽  
Adel Ismail Al-Alawi ◽  
Sara Abdulrahman Albassam
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Management Development ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Public Sectors ◽  
Advance Knowledge

The purpose of this chapter is to emphasize the various but major aspects essential to advance knowledge management (KM) as nations progress and deal with the technological explosion that began during the early 1990s and upsurged dramatically ever since. The focus in this chapter, however, is the several ways in which technology was introduced, resisted, and finally accepted and adapted to, as well as the different ways it has and can still affect the industry in private and public sectors, negatively and positively. Through this literature review, different perceptions, opinions, solutions and suggestions are introduced to regulate the simultaneous coexistence of technology and people in the field of knowledge management development using articles from 1990s to 2018. A discussion is also introduced with supporting and opposing arguments in regard to the different perceptions the authors have proposed.

Comparative Study of Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory of Job Satisfaction among Public and Private Sectors

1991 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim A. Maidani
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Test Technique ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Sector Employees ◽  
Hygiene Factors ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Employee Groups ◽  
Working Populations

The purpose of this study was to identify through hypothesis testing how Herzberg's theory of job satisfaction applied to two different working populations using a questionnaire based on Herzberg's classification scheme. The study was conducted using private and public sector employees for comparison analysis. The t-test technique was applied and the t-value was computed to test the four formulated hypotheses in order to determine whether any significant differences were revealed between the two employee groups. The result of this analysis showed that employees' motives for work in both sectors tended to emphasize intrinsic or motivator factors of employment, while those who worked in the public sector tended to value the extrinsic or hygiene factors significantly higher than those in the private sector. Also, the satisfaction of employees in both sectors was not attributable to hygiene factors.

scholarly journals The Status of e-Administration in Hungary – Are We on the Right Track?

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-59
Author(s):  
Bernadett Veszprémi
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
The Public ◽  
Entire Process ◽  
The Status ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Public Sectors ◽  
The Right

The goal of this study is to define (or find out) where Hungary currently stands in the development of e-Administration solutions. The issue is more topical than ever, as infocommunications became an integral part of our daily lives, affecting both the private and public sectors, and changing our ways of working – thus, it requires our understanding. When it comes to the public sector, however, striking changes can only be achieved if the entire process of public administration is (or would be) changed. The goals are clear: work should be faster, as it would result in satisfied clients, cut costs and more efficient procedures. The question to ask now is where Hungary stands in this endeavour. Are we on the right track?

The Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Workplace Behaviour: A Study of Bank Employees

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 458-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simarjeet Makkar ◽  
Sriparna Basu
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Sector Banks ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Bank Employees ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the impact of emotional intelligence (EI) on the workplace behaviour of the employees in the Indian banking sector. Banking industry was chosen for this research owing to the dynamic nature of this sector propelling a heightened need for compatibility and resilience of employees. The purpose of the study was twofold: (a) to examine if there is a significant impact of EI on workplace behaviour of the employees in both private and public sector banks; and (b) to determine if the impact is more in one sector than the other. Goleman’s EI framework (1995) and Emotional Competence Inventory (ECI) was used for data collection. Six banks were selected for this study: three from the public sector and three from the private sector as sample covering Mumbai. The findings of the study revealed that there is a strong relationship between EI and workplace behaviour of employees in the banking sector and there is also a difference of the impact of EI on workplace behaviour of the employees in private and public sector banks. The analysis derives meaningful implications for managerial policy in banks as well as for future research.

scholarly journals Comparing the impact of management on public and private nurses in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 741-758
Author(s):  
Matthew Xerri ◽  
Farr-Wharton Ben ◽  
Yvonne Brunetto ◽  
Frank Crossan ◽  
Rona Beattie
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Management Models ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to use conservation of resources (COR) theory as a lens for comparing the impact of line management on Bangladeshi public and private nurses’ perception of work harassment, well-being and turnover intentions where Anglo-American and European management models have been super-imposed on an existing different culture. Design/methodology/approach Survey data were collected from 317 Bangladeshi nurses’ (131 from the public sector and 186 from the private sector). Structural equation modelling was used for analysis. Findings High work harassment was associated with low-being, and together with management practices, it explained approximately a quarter of private sector nurses’ well-being. In total, management, work harassment and employee well-being explained approximately a third of the turnover intentions of public sector nurses, whereas only work harassment explained approximately a third of private sector nurses’ turnover intentions. The findings suggest a differential impact of management on work harassment across the public and private sector. Research limitations/implications Cross-sectional data are susceptible to common method bias. A common latent factor was included, and several items that were explained by common method variance were controlled. Further, the findings are limited by the sample size from one sector and the use of only one developing country. Practical implications It is a waste of resources to transplant Anglo-American and European management models to developing countries without understanding the impact on nurses’ outcomes. Originality/value Anglo-American and European management models are not easily transferable to the Bangladesh context probably because of the impact of ties and corruption. Line management is a positive resource that builds employee well-being for public sector employees only.

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