An Osteopathic Approach to Patients with Degenerative and Herniated Discs

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Robert Kessler ◽  
Carol Haase ◽  
Dayton Dean
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Disc Disease ◽  
Disc Cells ◽  
And Function ◽  
Herniated Discs

Abstract This paper reviews the basic science of disc disease (DD), which suggests; osteopathic manipulative medicine addresses the causes and symptoms of DD, can reverse its pathologic cascade, prevent its side effects and future episodes. The paper will use the modern scientific understanding of disc disease to show the body is a self-regulating, self-healing unified whole, structure and function are interrelated at all levels, and intervertebral disc cells contain the biochemical and physiologic capacity for self-healing. This evidence suggests osteopathic intervention initiates and magnifies this healing process. The paper will also discuss the authors’ experience with a treatment protocol for DD, based on osteopathic principles.

scholarly journals Insights into Cosmeceuticals

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Gulhima Arora
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Medical Products ◽  
Proven Efficacy ◽  
Disease Modifying ◽  
And Function ◽  
Better Than

A cosmetic is “intended to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled, or sprayed on, introduced into, or otherwise applied to the human body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance” while a drug is “intended for use in diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease, i.e. it affects the structure and function of the body.” Cosmeceuticals attempt to interface between a pure cosmetic and a drug. They are those which lie between a prescription and a non-prescription over-the-counter product. They are medical products, which are cosmetics, with functional benefits for the skin, hair, and nails. Cosmeceuticals are disease-treating and disease-modifying. Dermatologists form a unique interface between products with perceived advantages and those with proven efficacy. In an attempt to hard-sell products with minimal side effects, certain compounds may contain subtherapeutic doses of topical agents hence rendering them ineffective. On the other hand, certain products may form a useful bridge with a safety profile better than cosmetics in their class. This article reviews commonly available and evolving cosmeceuticals, their rationale, side effects, and use in dermatology practice with the aim to sensitize dermatologists about their perceived usefulness.

scholarly journals Office Procedures in Cosmetic Gynaecology

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 446-454
Author(s):  
Anagnostou N ◽  
Gkrozou F ◽  
Ioannidi L ◽  
Papadimitriou A ◽  
Tsonis O
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cosmetic Surgery ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Female Population ◽  
And Function ◽  
Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery ◽  
Office Procedures ◽  
Female Genital

Female genital cosmetic surgery is a set of multiple procedures focused on improving genital appearance, structure, and function. Sexual dysfunction affects a large proportion of the female population and appears to be associated with distorted genital anatomy although what women perceive as normal varies vastly depending on cultural and social beliefs. Cosmetic gynaecology office procedures are simple, quick, and effective solutions to improve sexual function as well as body image with minimal interventions and minimal side-effects. In this narrative review, we present these widely used minimally invasive aesthetic gynaecology interventions, focusing on their efficacy, and reported complications. Recommendations regarding heath professionals’ approach and ethical issues arising are also discussed.

scholarly journals Evidence of Regeneration of Testicular and Epididymal Tissue Structure and Function Following Withdrawal from Sub-chronic Khat Exposure: Studies in the Rabbit Animal Model

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-23
Author(s):  
Albert W. Nyongesaa ◽  
Esther M. Malukib ◽  
Jemimah A. Simbaunib
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Middle East Countries ◽  
Group I ◽  
And Function

Khat, Catha edulis, use is rampant in Eastern Africa and Middle East countries with associated reports of reproductive function impairment in the body of the user. Reports on recovery post long-term khat exposure are obscure. The present study investigated evidence of restoration of testicular and epididymal structure and function during withdrawal from cytotoxic damage caused by sub-chronic exposure of khat extract. Twenty-eight male rabbits were divided into 7 groups of 4 rabbits each. Group I (control) was administered normal saline while groups II, III and IV were administered 1.0 g/kg, 10 g/kg and 20 g/kg body weight of khat extract, respectively, via oral gavage on alternate days of the week for 12 weeks. Blood samples from animals were collected for hormonal assays followed by euthanasia using 26.4 mg/kg body weight of Sagatal sodium intramuscularly for testicular and epididymal histology. Group V, VI and VII were administered 1.0 g/kg, 10 g/kg and 20 g/kg body weight of khat extract, respectively, orally on alternate days of the week for 12 weeks followed by 1-month withdrawal period, blood samples collected for hormone assays and animals sacrificed for testicular and epididymal histology. High khat dose, 20 g/kg body weight, at sub-chronic exposure caused degeneration in spermatogenic cells with accompanying decrease in plasma FSH and testosterone. Histological output of Sertoli cells, Leydig cells and epididymal epithelium appeared unaffected in treatment groups. Post withdrawal data showed apparent regeneration of seminiferous epithelium and restoration of plasma FSH and testosterone comparable to control. It appears khat extract preferentially affected germ cell spermatogonia and subsequent daughter cells while stem cell spermatogonia were unaffected and contributed to regeneration of germinal epithelium and endocrine function.

Biosurfactant electrospun nanofibers exhibit minimal side effects on the structure and function of the liver tissue in male rat model

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (32) ◽  
pp. 40009-40019
Author(s):  
Hossam Abd Rabou Ebaid ◽  
Ahmed Abdel-Mageed ◽  
Jameel Homoud Al-Tamimi ◽  
Iftekhar Hassan ◽  
Ahmed Mostafa Rady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
And Function

Cellular structure and function

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-104
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Cellular Structure ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Intracellular Organelles ◽  
And Function

‘Cellular structure and function’ covers the roles, structures, and functions of the main four types of macromolecules of the human body, namely proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. For these macromolecules, the roles and types of each class are discussed (for proteins this includes their roles as structural proteins and enzymes and their kinetics; for lipids, the roles and types of lipid found in the body are considered; for carbohydrates, their roles including structural and metabolic are discussed; and the structure of nucleic acids is described). Then follows a description of the organization of the cell, including the plasma membrane and its components, and the intracellular organelles. Cell growth, division, and apoptosis are covered, as are the formation of gametes, and finally the principles of how cellular functions can be modulated by pharmacological agents through receptors and signalling pathways are discussed.

scholarly journals Structure and Function of the Body

1969 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1075
Author(s):  
Faustena Blaisdell ◽  
Catherine Parker Anthony
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Structural Characterization of Carbonic Anhydrase VIII and Effects of Missense Single Nucleotide Variations to Protein Structure and Function

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2764
Author(s):  
Taremekedzwa Allan Sanyanga ◽  
Özlem Tastan Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Conformational Sampling ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Ip3 Receptor ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
And Function

Human carbonic anhydrase 8 (CA-VIII) is an acatalytic isoform of the α -CA family. Though the protein cannot hydrate CO2, CA-VIII is essential for calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis within the body, and achieves this by allosterically inhibiting the binding of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) to the IP3 receptor type 1 (ITPR1) protein. However, the mechanism of interaction of CA-VIII to ITPR1 is not well understood. In addition, functional defects to CA-VIII due to non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNVs) result in Ca2+ dysregulation and the development of the phenotypes such as cerebellar ataxia, mental retardation and disequilibrium syndrome 3 (CAMRQ3). The pathogenesis of CAMRQ3 is also not well understood. The structure and function of CA-VIII was characterised, and pathogenesis of CAMRQ3 investigated. Structural and functional characterisation of CA-VIII was conducted through SiteMap and CPORT to identify potential binding site residues. The effects of four pathogenic nsSNVs, S100A, S100P, G162R and R237Q, and two benign S100L and E109D variants on CA-VIII structure and function was then investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, dynamic cross correlation (DCC) and dynamic residue network (DRN) analysis. SiteMap and CPORT analyses identified 38 unique CA-VIII residues that could potentially bind to ITPR1. MD analysis revealed less conformational sampling within the variant proteins and highlighted potential increases to variant protein rigidity. Dynamic cross correlation (DCC) showed that wild-type (WT) protein residue motion is predominately anti-correlated, with variant proteins showing no correlation to greater residue correlation. DRN revealed variant-associated increases to the accessibility of the N-terminal binding site residues, which could have implications for associations with ITPR1, and further highlighted differences to the mechanism of benign and pathogenic variants. SNV presence is associated with a reduction to the usage of Trp37 in all variants, which has implications for CA-VIII stability. The differences to variant mechanisms can be further investigated to understand pathogenesis of CAMRQ3, enhancing precision medicine-related studies into CA-VIII.

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