Anatomical characteristics and antioxidant ability of Centaurea sadleriana reveals an adaptation towards drought tolerance

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 788-798
Author(s):  
Jadranka Luković ◽  
Djordje Malenčić ◽  
Lana Zorić ◽  
Miroslava Kodranov ◽  
Dunja Karanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Structural Adaptation ◽  
Dpph Assay ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Main Vein ◽  
Secretory Ducts

AbstractThe lamina, main vein and peduncle anatomical properties of Centaurea sadleriana Janka plants from two populations, were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. The indumentum was comprised of glandular and non-glandular trichomes of two types. The leaves were amphistomatic, isolateral, with strongly developed palisade tissue. Secretory ducts were observed along the phloem or sclerenchyma of large vascular bundles. Collenchyma alternated with chlorenchyma in the main vein and peduncle. Large groups of strongly lignified sclerenchyma were present along the phloem of peduncle vascular bundles. These features, together with thickened walls of epidermal cells and cuticle, numerous trichomes and thick-walled parenchyma in the perimedullar zone, were perceived as a xeromorphic peduncle structural adaptation. Non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds of phenolic origin were detected in small amounts and their respective content was higher in leaves compared to inflorescences. Compounds of phenolic orgin showed positive correlation with total potenial of antioxidant activity indicated by the DPPH assay. Greater total quantity of polyphenols and tannins was detected in leaves of plants from Zobnatica locality, while leaves of plants from Rimski Sanac were characterized by higher content of total flavonoids and proantocyanidins. Phytochemical analysis showed that dominant secondary biomolecules in inflorescences were phenolic pigments including anthocyanins and leucoanthocyanins, and free quinones in leaves.

scholarly journals Macro and microscopic characters of the aerial vegetative organs of Carqueja: Baccharis usterii Heering

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Manfron Budel ◽  
Márcia do Rocio Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Spongy Parenchyma ◽  
Palisade Parenchyma ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Secretory Ducts

This work aimed to study the macro and microscopic characters of the aerial vegetative organs of Baccharis usterii for quality control purposes. The plant was prepared for light and scanning electron microscopic analyses. The stem consisted of three-winged cladodes with small leaves. In the caulinar axis, these was a uniseriate epidermis, chlorenchyma alternating with angular collenchyma, perivascular fibre caps adjoining the phloem which was outside the xylem, and parenchymatic pith. The wings and the leaves were alike, presenting a uniseriate epidermis, palisade parenchyma next to the both sides of the epidermis and spongy parenchyma traversed by minor collateral vascular bundles in the central region. In the leaf midrib, a single collateral vascular bundle was embedded in the ground parenchyma. Secretory ducts and glandular trichomes occured in the stem and leaf.

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF SOLVENTS ON THE PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILE AND BIOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF ORMOCARPUM COCHINCHINENSE AUCT. NON (LOUR.) MERRILL

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
A. Hannah Hepsibah ◽  
G. Jeya Jothi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Dpph Assay ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Phytochemical Profile ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Plants contain different classes of phytochemicals which have different levels of solubility in solvents, based on their polarity. Hence, this study aims to compare the effects of various solvents on the phytochemical profile and biological potential of <em>Ormocarpum cochinchinense</em>. The present study is the first to evaluate the antifungal activity of the plant.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sequential extraction was carried out using two sets of solvent systems namely hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and chloroform, acetone, methanol. The extracts were subjected to standard phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion method against eight bacteria and six fungi and antioxidant activity by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Varied range of phytochemicals was found in the extracts. Acetone extract was rich in phenolic compounds, whereas terpenoids were extracted only in methanol. Acetone extracts showed highest antibacterial activity with a maximum zone of 14.5 mm against <em>Shigella flexineri</em> whereas ethyl acetate extract showed the best antifungal activity with the highest zone of inhibition of 12 mm against <em>Trichophyton menta agrophytes.</em> Hexane and chloroform extracts did not show any antimicrobial activity. For DPPH assay, the ethanol extracts showed the highest percentage inhibition of 92.87%. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present investigation on the plant <em>O. cochinchinense</em> has proved that the selection of solvent for extraction should be based on the target compounds and their bioactivity and concludes that acetone was the best for the extraction of antibacterial compounds and ethyl acetate for antifungal compounds whereas, ethanol was the best for extracting antioxidant compounds in <em>O. cochinchinense.</em></p>

scholarly journals ESTUDO MORFO-ANATÔMICO E ABORDAGEM FITOQUÍMICA DE FRUTOS E SEMENTES DE Luffa operculata (L.) COGN., CUCURBITACEAE

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. K. BROCK ◽  
M. Do R. DUARTE ◽  
T. NAKASHIMA
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Fibrous Capsule ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Nasal Decongestant ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata

Luffa operculata (L.) Cogn., Cucurbitaceae, é uma herbácea escandente, denominada popularmente de buchinha. O fruto é empregado na medicina tradicional como purgativo, emenagogo e descongestionante nasal. O presente trabalho objetivou fornecer informações complementares à morfo-anatomia e realizar abordagem fitoquímica dos frutos e sementes dessa espécie. O material botânico foi reidratado, seccionado e corado, de acordo com técnicas usuais de microscopia fotônica. Para a análise fitoquímica, foram preparados extratos aquoso e hidroalcoólico, por meio de maceração dos frutos e das sementes pulverizados. O fruto é ovóide, capsular e fibroso, com estrias e acúleos. O epicarpo apresenta tricomas tectores pluricelulares e estômatos anomocíticos, e feixes vasculares percorrem o mesocarpo e o endocarpo. A semente é elipsóide e achatada, sendo a epiderme do tegumento formada por células de paredes anticlinais onduladas, o endosperma reduzido e os cotilédones plano-convexos. Os extratos dos frutos indicaram a presença de flavonóides, taninos, saponinas, esteróides e/ou triterpenóides. MORPHO-ANATOMICAL STUDY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF FRUITS AND SEEDS OF Luffa operculata (L.) COGN., CUCURBITACEAE Abstract Luffa operculata (L.) Cogn., Cucurbitaceae, is a climbing herb, popularly known as loofa sponge. The fruit is employed in the traditionalmedicine as laxative, emmenagogue and nasal decongestant. This study aimed to supply additional knowledge to the morpho-anatomy and phytochemical screening of the fruits and seeds. The botanical material was rehydrated, sectioned and stained, according to the usual optical microtechniques. For the phytochemical analysis, aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts were prepared, by means of maceration of the powdered fruits and seeds. The fruit is an oval and fibrous capsule, showing striated surface and aculeous. The exocarp has pluricellular non-glandular trichomes and anomocytic stomata, and vascular bundles are seen in the mesocarp and endocarp. The seed is elliptical and flat, presenting the epidermal cells of the integument with wavy anticlinal walls, reduced endosperm and plain-convex cotyledons. The fruit extracts indicate the presence of flavonoids, tanins, saponins, esteroids and/or triterpenoids.

scholarly journals Histochemical and Phytochemical Analysis of Lamium album subsp. album L. Corolla: Essential Oil, Triterpenes, and Iridoids

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 4166
Author(s):  
Agata Konarska ◽  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽  
Anna Matysik-Woźniak ◽  
Aneta Sulborska ◽  
Beata Polak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Lipophilic Compounds ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Microscopy Techniques ◽  
Trichome Types ◽  
First Time

The aim of this study was to conduct a histochemical analysis to localize lipids, terpenes, essential oil, and iridoids in the trichomes of the L. album subsp. album corolla. Morphometric examinations of individual trichome types were performed. Light and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to show the micromorphology and localization of lipophilic compounds and iridoids in secretory trichomes with the use of histochemical tests. Additionally, the content of essential oil and its components were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Qualitative analyses of triterpenes carried out using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) coupled with densitometric detection, and the iridoid content expressed as aucubin was examined with spectrophotometric techniques. We showed the presence of iridoids and different lipophilic compounds in papillae and glandular and non-glandular trichomes. On average, the flowers of L. album subsp. album yielded 0.04 mL/kg of essential oil, which was dominated by aldehydes, sesquiterpenes, and alkanes. The extract of the L. album subsp. album corolla contained 1.5 × 10−3 ± 4.3 × 10−4 mg/mL of iridoid aucubin and three triterpenes: oleanolic acid, β-amyrin, and β-amyrin acetate. Aucubin and β-amyrin acetate were detected for the first time. We suggest the use of L. album subsp. album flowers as supplements in human nutrition.

scholarly journals Morphology and anatomy of leaf mine in Richterago riparia Roque (Asteraceae) in the campos rupestres of Serra do Cipó, Brazil

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. A. MELO DE PINNA ◽  
J. E. KRAUS ◽  
N. L. de MENEZES
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Campos Rupestres ◽  
Structural Alterations ◽  
Serra Do Cipó ◽  
Phenolic Substances

The leaf mine in Richterago riparia is caused by a lepidopteran larva (lepidopteronome). The leaves of R. riparia show campdodrome venation; the epidermis is unistratified, with stomata and glandular trichomes in adaxial and abaxial surfaces. The mesophyll is bilateral and the vascular system is collateral. During the formation of the mine, the larva consumes the chlorenchyma of the mesophyll and the smaller vascular bundles (veins of third and fourth orders). Structural alterations in the tissues of the host plant were not observed, except for the formation of a wound meristem and the presence of cells with phenolic substances next to the mine. Three cephalic exuviae of the miner were found in the mesophyll. This lepidopteronome is parenchymatic and the epidermis remains intact, but forms a protective layer for the mining insect.

Biology and development of galls induced by Lopesia sp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on leaves of Mimosa gemmulata (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Cotrim Costa ◽  
Renê Gonçalves da Silva Carneiro ◽  
Juliana Santos Silva ◽  
Rosy Mary dos Santos Isaias
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Nutritive Tissue ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Galling Insects ◽  
Late Growth

Analyses of gall biology and development allow determination of morphogenesis events in host-plant organs that are altered by galling insects. Currently, we assume that there is a correlation between Lopesia sp. instars and the alterations in gall tissues on Mimosa gemmulata that generate the gall shape. The development of Lopesia sp. (three larval instars, pupae and adult) correlates positively with gall growth, especially on the anticlinal axis. First-instar larvae are found in galls at the stage of induction, Instar 2 in galls at early growth and development, Instar 3 in galls at late growth and development, pupae in galls at maturation, and the adult emerges from senescent galls. At induction, the larva stimulates cell differentiation in pinnula and pinna-rachis tissues on M. gemmulata. At early growth and development stages, cell division and expansion are increased, and non-glandular trichomes assist gall closing. Homogenous parenchyma and neoformed vascular bundles characterise late growth and development. At maturation, tissues are compartmentalised and cells achieve major expansion through elongation. At senescence, galls open by the falling of trichomes, and mechanical and nutritive cells have thickened walls. The neoformed nutritive tissue nurtures the developing Lopesia sp., whose feeding behaviour influences the direction of cell elongation, predominantly periclinal, determinant for gall bivalve shape.

scholarly journals Cytotoxic and antioxidant potentials of ellagic acid derivatives from Conocarpus lancifolius (Combretaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1037-1080
Author(s):  
Malik Saadullah ◽  
Muhammad Asif ◽  
Abdul Sattar ◽  
Kanwal Rehman ◽  
Shahid Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Human Colon Cancer ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Ellagic Acid Derivatives ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Purpose: Isolation, characterisation and structure elucidation of compounds obtained from Conocarpus lancifolius and screening of their pharmacological effects in vitro.Methods: After collection, authentication and extraction from whole C. lancifolius plants, screening for secondary metabolites, thin-layer  chromatography and subsequent open column chromatography were performed for phytochemical analysis and subsequent purification of the compounds. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic (UV-visible, infrared and mass) spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR including BB, DEPT-135, 90 and two-dimensional correlation techniques, including HMBC and HSQC). The cytotoxic and antioxidant potentials of extracts and compounds obtained from C. lancifolius were evaluated using in vitro models.Results: Two ellagic acid derivatives, 2,3,8-tri-o-methylellagic acid (A) and 3-O-methylellagic acid 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (B), were isolated. Both compounds (A and B) were cytotoxic in a variety of cancer cell lines, including murine lymphocytic leukaemia (P-388, half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) =3.60 and 2.40 μg/mL, respectively), human colon cancer (Col-2, IC50 = 0.76 and 0.92 μg/mL, respectively) and human breast cancer (MCF-7, IC50 = 0.65 and 0.54 μg/mL, respectively). Moreover, both compounds showed significant antioxidant potential in vitro.Conclusion: C. lancifolius extract and isolated ellagic acid derivatives (compounds A and B) possess cytotoxic and antioxidant properties. These findings suggest that C. lancifolius contains bioactive compounds that can be potentially developed as natural cytotoxic and antioxidant compounds. Keywords: Conocarpus lancifolius, Ellagic acid, Combretaceae, Cytotoxic activity, Antioxidant

Non-Phenolic Antioxidant Compounds from Buddleja asiatica

2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 483-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mortada M. El-Sayed ◽  
El-Sayed S. Abdel-Hameed ◽  
Wafaa S. Ahmed ◽  
Eman A. El-Wakil
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Dpph Assay ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Total Antioxidant

The methanol extract of the leaves of Buddleja asiatica Lour. (Loganiaceae) showed antioxidant activity toward the well known in vitro antioxidant tests such as total antioxidant capacity by the phosphomolybdenum method, free radical scavenging activity by the 1,1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay (DPPH assay) and hydrogen peroxide scavenging methods. Due to the high scavenging activity of the n-butanol successive fraction toward DPPH and H2O2 (SC50 = 11.99 and 18.54 μg/ml, respectively), this extract was subjected to chromatographic separation and isolation. Four non-phenolic compounds were isolated and identified on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical analyses: 1-O-ß-D-glucopyranosyl- 2-methoxy-3-(2-hydroxy-triaconta-3,12-dienoate)-glycerol (1), 3-O-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl- (1→4)-ß-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-[ß-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]-ß-d-fucopyranosyl-olean- 11,13(18)-diene-3ß,23,28-triol (2), 3-O-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-ß-d-glucopyranosyl- (1→4)-ß-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-ß-d-fucopyranosyl-olean-11,13(18)-diene-3ß,23,28-triol (3), and 3-O-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-ß-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-[ß-d-xylopyranosyl- (1→2)]-ß-d-glucuronopyranosyl-acid-olean-11,13(18)-diene-3ß,23,28-triol (4). The four compounds were evaluated as antioxidant agents using the three antioxidant bioassay tests.

scholarly journals SANTALUM ALBUM;

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Gull ◽  
Asim Mushtaq ◽  
Muhammad Umer ◽  
Sajid Mehmood
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Santalum Album ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Lemon Grass

Medicinal plants are good alternate of antibiotics against many bacterial as well as other diseases. Santalum album (Sandal) and Cymbopogon (Lemon grass) are two important medicinal plants whose important components were extracted by sequential extraction from non-polar to polar solvents. The study was aimed at finding antibacterial and radical scavenging potential of Santalum album (Sandal) and Cymbopogon (Lemon grass). Study Design: In vitro study. Setting: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat. Period: 12 months. Material and Methods: Sequential extracts of Santalum album and Cymbopogon with n-hexane, chloroform, acetone, ethylacetate, ethanol, butanol and water respectively were prepared to evaluate antibacterial activity against Staph aureus (25923), Staph aureus (38541), E.coli (25922), E.coli (35318), Streptococcus pyrogenes (Tc-11-2) and Shigella sonnei (BB-8). 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was used to assess antioxidant activity. Results: Ethanolic and acetone extracts of sandal and lemongrass showed significant inhibtory activity against all seven strains. In case of sandal, acetone extract exhibited highest inhibitory activity against Staph aureus (25923) with 17±2 mm zone of inhibition while ethanolic extract of lemon grass showed highest activity with 16.333 ± 1.154mm zone of inhibition against E.Coli (35318). Other solvents including chloroform, n-hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol also showed considerable antibacterial activity, but water extracts of both plants showed no activity. All polarity based extracts of both plants exhibited antioxidant activity, ethanolic extracts of sandal and lemon grass showed highest radical scavenging activity with 84.366 ±1.504% and 83.766 ±4.272% inhibitions respectively. The minimum antioxidant activity was observed for chloroform extracts of sandal and n-hexane extract of lemongrass. Conclusion: we concluded that some plants have good antibacterial and antioxidant potential. Their phytochemical analysis can be carried out to find potent antibacterial and antioxidant compounds. This will be effective in combating bacterial diseases because mostly microbes are developing resistance against currently available antibiotics.

scholarly journals The length, number, and endodermis area of needles discriminate two genetically distinct populations of Cedrus atlantica Manetti in the Moroccan Middle Atlas

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nezha El Bakkali ◽  
Mohammed Bendriss Amraoui
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Central Cylinder ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Cedrus Atlantica ◽  
Middle Atlas ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
Genetic Distinctiveness ◽  
Two Populations

The variation in some adaptive characters of cedar needles was studied in two different regions of the Moroccan Middle Atlas that have different local environmental conditions and levels of genetic diversity. The two populations are localized in the Azrou and Ifrane regions. Tukey’s tests showed that the needle/brachyblast number (Nn/R), length (Nl), and needle width (Nw) showed the greatest variation. In addition, all anatomical characters studied showed a significant correlation with Nw, whereas only the area of the vascular bundles (AVb) was related to Nl. Discriminant analysis revealed that Nn/R, Nl, and the area of the central cylinder (ACc) are high-discriminating characters among populations of Azrou and Ifrane and confirms their isolation. These adaptations of the morphological and anatomical traits of the Atlas cedar needles of the Azrou and Ifrane regions are discussed in relation to the local environmental conditions and have been found to be in harmony with their genetic distinctiveness revealed previously.

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