scholarly journals Acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain and muscle of Cyprinus carpio and Aristichthys nobilis exposed to azimsulfuron and metsulfuron-methyl

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAQUELINE INEU GOLOMBIESKI ◽  
ENIO MARCHESAN ◽  
GEOVANE BOSCHMANN REIMCHE ◽  
JOELE SCHMITT BAUMART ◽  
JOSEÂNIA SALBEGO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Metsulfuron Methyl ◽  
Aristichthys Nobilis ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Normal Feeding ◽  
The Brain

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) were exposed to azimsulfuron and metsulfuron-methyl (50, 100 and 200 mg L-1). These herbicides are used in rice crop in Southern Brazil. Fishes survived to all tested concentrations of both herbicides and showed normal feeding and swimming behavior. Azimsulfuron inhibits significantly acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in brain and muscle of both species, and metsulfuron-methyl increase AChE activity in brain and inhibits in muscle. The present study showed that azimsulfuron and metsulfuron-methyl did not affect C. carpio and A. nobilis behaviors (feeding and swimming), but inhibited AChE activity in brain and muscle tissues of these species.

scholarly journals Acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity in carp brain and muscle after acute exposure to diafuran

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaqueline Ineu Golombieski ◽  
Enio Marchesan ◽  
Edinalvo Rabaioli Camargo ◽  
Joseânia Salbego ◽  
Joele Schmitt Baumart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Grass Carp ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Aristichthys Nobilis ◽  
Early Biomarker ◽  
The Common

Sublethal adverse effects may result from exposure of aquatic organisms to insecticides at environmentally relevant concentrations. Fingerlings of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio, Linnaeus, 1758), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella, Valenciennes, 1844), and bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis, Richardson, 1845) were exposed to diafuran, an insecticide widely used during rice cultivation in Southern Brazil. The aim of this study was to verify the relationship between the lethal concentration (LC50) of diafuran and the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in brain and muscle tissues of these species as a possible early biomarker of exposure to this insecticide. LC50 was determined for fish exposed to diafuran concentrations during 96 h (short term): common carp: control, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 mg L-1; grass carp: control, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 3.5 mg L-1 and, bighead carp: control, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 mg L-1, as well as the determination of AChE at concentrations near LC50 for these species. LC50 values (nominal concentrations) were 1.81 mg L-1 for the common carp, 2.71 mg L-1 for the grass carp and, 2.37 mg L-1 for the bighead carp. All carps exposed to diafuran were lethargic (lower concentrations) or immobile. Diafuran inhibited the acetylcholinesterase activity in brain (~38%) and muscle (~50%) of all species. Muscle of bighead carp under control treatment showed higher specific AChE activity than brain (14.44 against 5.94 µmol min-1 g protein-1, respectively). Concentrations of diafuran used for rice cropping may affect Cyprinus carpio, Ctenopharyngodon idella and Aristichthys nobilis behaviors and the AChE activities in brain and muscle of these species may be an early biomarker of toxicity of this insecticide.

scholarly journals Concentration related differences in the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in the common carp Cyprinus carpio by Phorate, an organophosphorous insecticide

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
G Lakshmaiah
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio

The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the vital organs of fish such as gill, liver, muscle, kidney and brain of the freshwater common carp Cyprinus carpio (C. carpio) was investigated after exposing to acute lethal toxicity (ALT) and chronic sublethal toxicity (CST) of phorate. C. carpio fish were exposed to ALT (LC50/96 hours - 0.71 ppm/l) of Phorate for one day and 4 days and CST (one-tenth of the LC50/96 hours - 0.071 ppm/l) of Phorate for 1, 7, 15 and 30 days and the concentration related differences in the inhibition and recovery of the AChE enzyme activity was evaluated in the target organs of the fish. Relative to controls, the activity of AChE in all the organs of the fish exposed to ATP gradually decreased significantly ((P<0.05)) at 1 and 4 days of exposure period whereas in the fish exposed to CTP the AChE activity was elevated at day 1 and gradually decreased from day 7 to day 15 followed by an increase at day 30 in all the organs significantly (P<0.05). Based on the percent values obtained the inhibition of AChE activity was predominantly more in the organs of the fish exposed to ATP in a concentration-dependent manner. On prolonged exposure for 30 days in CTP the AChE activity was restored gradually depending on the initial pesticide exposure concentration. Findings from this study have demonstrated that inhibition of AChE activity in C. carpio is a useful biomarker for assessment of anticholinesterase pesticide contaminations in water.

scholarly journals Biomarker Effects in Carassius auratus Exposure to Ofloxacin, Sulfamethoxazole and Ibuprofen

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofan Yang ◽  
Xiaoping Xu ◽  
Xueyu Wei ◽  
Jie Wan ◽  
Yu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ache Activity ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Crucian Carp ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
The Brain

Ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole and ibuprofen are three commonly used drugs which can be detected in aquatic environments. To assess their ecotoxicity, the effects of these three pharmaceuticals and their mixture on AChE (acetylcholinesterase) activity in the brain, and EROD (7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase) and SOD (superoxide dismutase) activities in the liver of the freshwater crucian carp Carassius auratus were tested after exposure for 1, 2, 4 and 7 days. The results showed that treatments with 0.002–0.01 mg/L ofloxacin and 0.0008–0.004 mg/L sulfamethoxazole did not significantly change AChE, EROD and SOD activities. AChE activity was significantly inhibited in response to treatment with >0.05mg/L ofloxacin and >0.02 mg/L sulfamethoxazole. All three biomarkers were induced significantly in treatments with ibuprofen and the mixture of the three pharmaceuticals at all the tested concentrations. The combined effects of ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole and ibuprofen were compared with their isolated effects on the three biomarkers, and the results indicated that exposure to ibuprofen and the mixture at environmentally relevant concentrations could trigger adverse impacts on Carassius auratus. The hazard quotient (HQ) index also demonstrated a high risk for ibuprofen. Moreover, the present study showed that the effects of ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole and ibuprofen might be additive on the physiological indices of Carassius auratus.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effects of Sodium Arsenite and Acacia Honey on Acetylcholinesterase in Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliyu Muhammad ◽  
Oyeronke A. Odunola ◽  
Michael A. Gbadegesin ◽  
Abdullahi B. Sallau ◽  
Uche S. Ndidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ache Activity ◽  
Sodium Arsenite ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Acacia Honey ◽  
The Brain

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of sodium arsenite and Acacia honey on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and electrolytes in the brain and serum of Wistar rats. Male Wistar albino rats in four groups of five rats each were treated with distilled water, sodium arsenite (5 mg/kg body weight), Acacia honey (20% v/v), and sodium arsenite and Acacia honey, daily for one week. The sodium arsenite and Acacia honey significantlyP<0.05decreased AChE activity in the brain with the combined treatment being more potent. Furthermore, sodium arsenite and Acacia honey significantlyP<0.05decreased AChE activity in the serum. Strong correlation was observed between the sodium and calcium ion levels with acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain and serum. The gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of Acacia honey revealed the presence of a number of bioactive compounds such as phenolics, sugar derivatives, and fatty acids. These findings suggest that sodium arsenite and/or Acacia honey modulates acetylcholinesterase activities which may be explored in the management of Alzheimer’s diseases but this might be counteracted by the hepatotoxicity induced by arsenics.

Inhibition of Nicotine Dependence by Curcuminoid Is Associated with Reduced Acetylcholinesterase Activity in the Mouse Brain

Pharmacology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gofarana Wilar ◽  
Kusnandar Anggadiredja ◽  
Yasuharu Shinoda ◽  
Kohji Fukunaga
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Agent ◽  
Nicotine Administration ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Reward Pathway ◽  
The Brain

Nicotine is a stimulatory component in tobacco that activates the central nervous system reward pathway and causes nicotine dependence. We found that the anti-inflammatory agent, curcuminoid, prevents nicotine dependence and relapse, as assessed by the conditioned placed preference test. Curcuminoid (1, 3.2, and 10 mg·kg–1, oral) dose-dependently inhibited nicotine dependence and enhanced nicotine extinction when administrated 30 min prior to nicotine administration (0.5 mg·kg–1, i.p.) for 7 days. In addition, curcuminoid significantly suppressed the priming effects of nicotine and inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Taken together, curcuminoid ameliorates nicotine dependence and relapse, in part via the inhibition of the AChE activity in the brain.

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